The document provides an overview of the digestive system, detailing the structure and function of various components such as the mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, and pancreas. It explains gastrointestinal motility, including types of contractions like peristalsis and segmentation, which facilitate the movement of food and its breakdown. Additionally, it discusses the control mechanisms of the digestive system, including the roles of the nervous system and hormones.

1. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

2. OUR TEAM
MD : Sumon
Id :12315017
Shraboni Saha
ID:12315018
ABDULLAH AL
NOMAN
Id : 12315021
Sumaiya Akter
Id :12315023
Md:YEASIN
ID:12315020

3. MD Sumon
Id: 12315017
Department 0f pharmacy
Comilla university
Presented by Tables of content
 Structure of different parts of
alimentary system
 Gastrointestinal molility and its control

4. Digestive system
The digestive system breaks down food into
nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats and
proteins. They can then be absorbed into the
bloodstream so the body can use them for
energy, growth and repair. Unused materials
are discarded as faces.
What is digestive system?

5. Structure Of Different Part Of Alimentary System
MOUTH
 ESOPHAGUS
STOMACH
SMALL INTESTINE
LARGE INTESTINE
LIVER
PANCREAS

6. Mouth
The start of digestive System
 The mouth helps break down food in
which helps the food to be digest in the
body
The mouth produced the saliva which
breaks down the chemicals in the food
a bit, which helps make the food mushy
and easy to swallow

7. Esophagus
A long, thin, and muscular tube that connects
the pharynx (throat) to the stomach.
Food and fluids are propelled through the
esophagus into the stomach
The esophageal sphincters normally prevent
the contents of the stomach from flowing back
into the esophagus or throat.

8. Stomach
a muscular sac that lies between the esophagus and
the small intestine in the upper abdomen
The stomach releases acids and enzymes for the
chemical breakdown of food
it can also expand to temporarily store food.
important for churning food into a consistency that
is easier to digest for the rest of the body systems

9. Pancreas
Part of the digestive system and produces important
enzymes and hormones that help break down foods.
Enzymes, or digestive juices, produced by the
pancreas are secreted into the small intestine to
further break down food after it has left the stomach
Has an endocrine function because it releases juices
directly into the bloodstream, and it has an exocrine
function because it releases juices into ducts.

10. Liver
The liver plays an role in the process of digestion
through the production of bile.
Bile travels through the bile ducts and is released
into the duodenum where it emulsifies large
masses of fat
Fats made by the bile turns the large clumps of fat
into smaller pieces that have more surface area
and are therefore easier for the body to digest

11. Small intestine
absorbs about 90 % of the nutrients
from the food we eat.
The small intestine is called small
because the diameter or the width of the
tube is much less than the large intestine
 The small intestine is the location in
the body where the majority of the
nutrients from ingested food are

12. Large intestine
a little fatter and a little smaller than the small
intestine
Performs the vital task of absorbing water and
vitamins while converting digested food into
waste(feces)
As your body takes back water, it just leaves waste
products behind. These become dryer and harder so
it is easier for your body to get rid of them

13. Gastrointestinal motility
What is gastrointestinal motility?
 Gastrointestinal motility is defined as the
coordinated contractions and relaxations of the
muscles of the GI tracts necessary to move contents
from the mouth to the anus
 peristalsis is the result of a series of local reflexes
 Contraction of intestinal muscle above an
intraluminal stimulus associated with simultaneous
relaxation of muscle below the stimulus

14. Types of gastrointestinal motility
 Peristalsis :
This is the coordinated, rhythmic contraction and relaxation of
the smooth muscles in the GI tract. It moves food and digestive
juices through the esophagus, stomach, small intestine, and large
intestine.
 Segmentations:
This type of motility occurs mainly in the small intestine. It
involves alternating contractions of the circular muscles, which
helps mix and churn the chyme (partially digested food) and
promotes nutrient absorption
 Tonic contractions :
Sustained contractions that prevent backflow and maintain
sphincter tone

15. Controls of gastrointestinal
 The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is controlled by the nervous system and hormones
The nervous system
The autonomic nervous system and the enteric nervous system (ENS) are both involved
in regulating the GI tract. The ENS is a complex network of neurons located throughout
the GI tract, and it regulates esophageal peristalsis. The autonomic nervous system also
includes the vagus and splanchnic nerves, which are located outside the gut wall.
Hormonal control
The GI tract produces many mediators that regulate its functions, including hormones
such as gastrin, glucagon, somatostatin, cholecystokinin, and secretin.

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