Diego de landa
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Diego de Landa was a 16th century Spanish Franciscan friar and the second bishop of the Yucatan who struggled to convert the Mayan people to Christianity. He launched an brutal inquisition against the Mayas to force them to adopt Catholicism, torturing thousands and killing over 100, during which he burned thousands of native religious images and painted books. His excessive actions were eventually stopped and he was tried in Spain for his conduct in the Yucatan.
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Diego de landa
Diego de Landa was a 16th century Spanish Franciscan friar and the second bishop of the Yucatan in Mexico. He learned the Maya language and documented their culture, but later launched a brutal inquisition against the Maya people to force their conversion to Christianity, torturing and killing many in the process. In 1562, he burned thousands of native religious images and painted books in an effort to erase Maya culture and spirituality. Landa's inquisition was eventually stopped by another bishop and he was tried in Spain for his excesses, though he did write an important account of Maya culture and religion.
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This document summarizes stories of struggle and survival from colonial Latin America. It describes how Diego Vasicuio would divert priests' attention from investigating his own rituals by accusing others. It also discusses how Martin Ocelote practiced indigenous rituals in secret after escaping imprisonment. The document outlines how Isabel Moctezuma, daughter of the Aztec emperor, was taken in by Cortes and became an important figure in colonial Mexico. It concludes with the story of Francisca, an Indian slave woman in Balem who petitioned for her freedom in 1739.
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The Suez Canal, which opened in 1869, connected the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea, shortening travel time between places like Barcelona and Manila from 3 months to 32 days. This made trade in the Philippines more profitable and brought foreign merchants and progressive ideas. However, it also sparked desires for freedom and improvement. There was also a controversy between regular priests belonging to religious orders and secular priests over authority in parishes. In 1774, the Archbishop assigned secular priests to replace regular priests who refused bishops' visits to parishes, though regulars considered Filipinos unfit to be priests. The issue took on racial overtones as Spaniards favored their own regular priests over Filipinos.
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The Spanish arrived in the Philippines in the 16th century with three main objectives: spread Christianity ("God"), trade spices and goods ("Gold"), and expand Spanish dominance ("Glory"). Their primary goal was to convert the population to Catholicism. King Philip II spent large sums from the Spanish treasury over many years to establish Christianity in the Philippines and make it a "gospel light to the Orient." The Spanish introduced Christianity with the arrival of Miguel Lopez de Legaspi in 1565, though Islam had already been spreading through the islands for over 200 years. While the Spanish expelled Muslims from Luzon and the Visayas, they were never able to fully dominate those on Mindanao and Sulu. The religious results
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Diego de landa
Diego de Landa was a 16th century Spanish Franciscan friar and the second bishop of the Yucatan in Mexico. He learned the Maya language and documented their culture, but later launched a brutal inquisition against the Maya people to force their conversion to Christianity, torturing and killing many in the process. In 1562, he burned thousands of native religious images and painted books in an effort to erase Maya culture and spirituality. Landa's inquisition was eventually stopped by another bishop and he was tried in Spain for his excesses, though he did write an important account of Maya culture and religion.
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The Suez Canal, which opened in 1869, connected the Red Sea and Mediterranean Sea, shortening travel time between places like Barcelona and Manila from 3 months to 32 days. This made trade in the Philippines more profitable and brought foreign merchants and progressive ideas. However, it also sparked desires for freedom and improvement. There was also a controversy between regular priests belonging to religious orders and secular priests over authority in parishes. In 1774, the Archbishop assigned secular priests to replace regular priests who refused bishops' visits to parishes, though regulars considered Filipinos unfit to be priests. The issue took on racial overtones as Spaniards favored their own regular priests over Filipinos.
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Martin Ocelotl was a 1496 born Aztec priest who was converted to Christianity after Spain took over Mexico in 1529. He was later put on trial for witchcraft during the Spanish Inquisition.
Isabel Moctezuma was the daughter of Aztec ruler Moctezuma II. She was baptized as a Christian and married five times, gaining wealth and land through each marriage.
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1) The document summarizes aspects of Spanish colonization in the Philippines, including the Hispanization of the native population through the destruction of idols and the introduction of Roman Catholicism.
2) It describes the establishment of Spanish urban centers, infrastructure, churches, schools and the introduction of the Spanish language and alphabet through missionaries.
3) Higher education was limited to Spaniards initially, but schools were gradually established for Filipinos, including the first universities, colleges, vocational schools and schools for the arts.
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Diego de Landa was a 16th century Spanish Franciscan friar and the second bishop of the Yucatan who struggled to convert the native Mayas to Christianity. He launched an brutal inquisition against the Mayas where he tortured thousands and killed over 100, in an attempt to get them to confess to human sacrifices and other sins. In 1562, Landa burned 5000 native religious images and 27 painted books filled with hieroglyph-like images before finally being stopped and sent back to Spain where he was tried for his excesses.
Diego de landa
Diego de Landa was a 16th century Spanish Franciscan friar and the second bishop of the Yucatan who struggled to convert the indigenous Mayas to Christianity. He launched an brutal inquisition against the Mayas where he tortured thousands and killed over 100 to force them to confess, and burned 5000 religious images and 27 painted books. His excessive actions were eventually stopped and he was tried in Spain.
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Diego de landa
Diego de Landa was a 16th century Spanish Franciscan friar and the second bishop of the Yucatan in Mexico. He learned the Maya language and documented their culture, but later launched a brutal inquisition against the Maya people to force their conversion to Christianity, torturing and killing many in the process. In 1562, he burned thousands of native religious images and painted books in an effort to erase Maya culture and spirituality. Landa's inquisition was eventually stopped by another bishop and he was tried in Spain for his excesses, though he did write an important account of Maya culture and religion.
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This document summarizes the lives of several individuals who lived during colonial times in Latin America:
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3) Angela Battallas was a slave in Guayaquil who sued for her freedom after her owner had promised but not granted it, gaining support from Simon Bolivar that helped her win her case.
The jesuit relations[1]
1. The document discusses Jesuit missionaries' reports from 17th century North America known as the Jesuit Relations which describe their efforts to convert native peoples to Catholicism.
2. It provides context on the Jesuits as members of the Society of Jesus and covers the various native groups like the Algonquians and Iroquoians that the Jesuits encountered.
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1) Damiana da Cunha was a female Caiapo Indian leader in colonial Brazil who acted as an interpreter between her people and the Portuguese colonists and church, encouraging adaptation but also preservation of her people.
2) Antonio de Gouveia was a controversial Azorean priest and soldier in colonial Brazil and Americas who spent over a decade in and out of Inquisition prisons for disobeying orders and practicing medicine without permission.
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Christianity helped Spain colonize the Philippines for over 300 years; the Spanish were able to rule because most Filipinos converted to Catholicism, finding appeal in its message of God's love. Filipinos also accepted Christianity as it improved their way of life by banning inhumane practices and promoting family values, while Spanish missionaries aided colonization through education, infrastructure development, and introducing new industries. The Philippines thus became the only Christian nation in Asia under Spanish rule.
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The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was an uprising of Pueblo people against Spanish colonists in present-day New Mexico. The Pueblo people had initially tolerated Spanish rule and accepted Christianity while still practicing their own traditions. However, a drought in the 1670s exacerbated tensions. Missionaries also began suppressing Pueblo religious practices, planting the seeds for revolt. In 1680, Pueblo leaders coordinated a simultaneous attack on Spanish settlements that killed over 300 colonists. The revolt succeeded in driving the Spanish from the region for over a decade and allowed the Pueblo people to return to their traditional ways of life and beliefs.
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Spain ruled the Philippines for over 300 years, from 1565-1898, imposing Spanish culture, religion, language, and customs. The greatest Spanish legacy was Christianity, specifically Catholicism. Spain also introduced new foods like wheat, potatoes, cocoa, and coffee. Filipinos adopted Spanish styles of eating, using utensils, and drinking wine. For 250 years after colonization began, the Philippines was governed by the Viceroy of Mexico, resulting in strong cultural links between the two Spanish colonies, including the Manila-Acapulco Galleon Trade route and the introduction of Mexican words into Tagalog.
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Juan de Oñate was granted permission to lead an expedition to settle New Mexico in 1598. He established the first permanent European settlement in what is now Santa Fe with 500 colonists. However, Spanish interest in further colonizing northern New Spain waned after Oñate's later expedition searching for gold and cities northeast of present-day Texas failed. Settlement of New Mexico by the Spanish then expanded slowly northward over time.
Strug and surv
Martin Ocelotl was a 1496 born Aztec priest who was converted to Christianity after Spain took over Mexico in 1529. He was later put on trial for witchcraft during the Spanish Inquisition.
Isabel Moctezuma was the daughter of Aztec ruler Moctezuma II. She was baptized as a Christian and married five times, gaining wealth and land through each marriage.
Diego Vasicuio was a priest and custodian of the Sorimana god from the 1580s to 1671. He managed to save his native religion against European domination.
Strug
Martin Ocelotl was a 1496 born Aztec priest who was converted to Christianity after Spain took over Mexico in 1529. He was later put on trial for witchcraft during the Spanish Inquisition.
Isabel Moctezuma was the daughter of Aztec ruler Moctezuma II. She was baptized as a Christian and married five times, gaining wealth and land through each marriage.
Diego Vasicuio was a priest and custodian of the Sorimana god from the 1580s to 1671. He managed to save his native religion against European domination.
The human tradition project
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Ss group-reporting-4th-quarter
The document summarizes key aspects of socio-economic life and the decline of Spanish rule in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial era. It describes the social classes that emerged, including the peninsulares, insulares, ilustrados, and indios. It also discusses the spread of Christianity and systems of taxation, labor, and land ownership implemented by the Spanish. The rise of the ilustrados and propagation movement challenged Spanish rule, leading to the establishment of revolutionary groups like the Katipunan and eventual declaration of Philippine independence in 1898.
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1) The document summarizes aspects of Spanish colonization in the Philippines, including the Hispanization of the native population through the destruction of idols and the introduction of Roman Catholicism.
2) It describes the establishment of Spanish urban centers, infrastructure, churches, schools and the introduction of the Spanish language and alphabet through missionaries.
3) Higher education was limited to Spaniards initially, but schools were gradually established for Filipinos, including the first universities, colleges, vocational schools and schools for the arts.
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Spain ruled over the Philippines for three centuries from 1565 to 1898. During this time, Spain had a significant influence on Philippine culture and society. Spain introduced Roman Catholicism, the Spanish language, the Latin alphabet, and the European system of education. Spanish architecture, music, art, and other cultural aspects became integrated into Filipino culture. While Spain elevated the status of women and established schools and universities, it also imposed restrictions that limited women's freedoms. Overall, three centuries of Spanish colonial rule had a profound impact on shaping Filipino national identity and cultural heritage.
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Diego de Landa was a 16th century Spanish Franciscan friar and the second bishop of the Yucatan who struggled to convert the indigenous Mayas to Christianity. He launched an brutal inquisition against the Mayas where he tortured thousands and killed over 100 to force them to confess, and burned 5000 religious images and 27 painted books. His excessive actions were eventually stopped and he was tried in Spain.
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Diego de Landa was a 16th century Spanish Franciscan friar and the second bishop of the Yucatan in Mexico. He learned the Maya language and documented their culture, but later launched a brutal inquisition against the Maya people to force their conversion to Christianity, torturing and killing many in the process. In 1562, he burned thousands of native religious images and painted books in an effort to erase Maya culture and spirituality. Landa's inquisition was eventually stopped by another bishop and he was tried in Spain for his excesses, though he did write an important account of Maya culture and religion.
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The document discusses the impact of the Great Depression on Mexican communities in the United States. It began with the stock market crash in October 1929, which caused widespread job losses among both Mexicans and Americans. Mexican populations in New Mexico were particularly affected. Farms had to sell machinery. Racism was high in the 1920s, with anti-Mexican sentiment wanting a "pure" America, but Mexican populations continued to grow, especially among railroad workers traveling from Texas to Chicago and living in Mexican neighborhoods called barrios.
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SB 1070 allows Arizona law enforcement to question the immigration status of individuals stopped for possible state violations. The Arizona state legislature passed SB 1070 in 2010 and it was signed into law by Governor Jan Brewer. However, SB 1070 has failed to stop illegal immigration across Arizona's border with Mexico. Other states have introduced or announced their own versions of Arizona's SB 1070 immigration law, and local frustration with immigration is an issue seen beyond just the United States, such as in Milan, Italy where officials have begun targeting immigrants using public transportation.
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Compilation of Spanish Colonial Text
The document summarizes the history and development of Philippine literature from before Spanish colonization through the early colonial period. It discusses how literature evolved with Spanish influence and flourished under Miguel Lopez de Legazpi, the first Spanish governor. It then highlights several of the first books published in the Philippines, including religious texts and dictionaries of major Philippine languages. These early publications demonstrate how printing advanced literature and the codification of indigenous languages during the colonial era.
Saint Francis Xaviour.pptx
Francis Xavier was a 16th century Jesuit missionary born in Spain who devoted his life to missionary work in Asia. After joining the Society of Jesus and being sent to Asia by Ignatius of Loyola, the founder of the Jesuits, Francis spent much of his life establishing Christian missions across India, Indonesia, and Japan. He learned local languages and cultures to better spread Christianity, building churches, baptizing thousands, and translating religious texts. Despite facing resistance and setbacks, Francis was highly influential in introducing Christianity to many parts of Asia during his missionary journeys before his death in China in 1552 at age 46.
The pueblo revolt
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 ended 80 years of Spanish occupation of Native American land in New Mexico. The Spanish had established missions to force Christianity upon the Pueblo people and require unpaid labor. Tensions increased due to drought, disease, and Spanish restrictions on Pueblo religion and culture. In 1680, Pueblo leaders organized a coordinated surprise attack on Spanish communities, overwhelming the Spanish. Over 400 Spanish were killed, churches were destroyed, and the Spanish were forced to retreat from New Mexico for over a decade. The Pueblo Revolt represented one of the few successful Native American uprisings against European colonizers in North America.
Philippine literature during spanish era
During Spanish colonization of the Philippines from 1565-1898, literature began to flourish. The Spanish initially tried to suppress native oral traditions and promote Catholic teachings, but the native traditions survived. They began translating religious materials to local languages, training natives as translators who then began writing original works in Spanish and their native tongues. Notable early writers in Tagalog included Gaspar Aquino de Belen and Francisco Baltazar. Secular Spanish literature also influenced the development of Tagalog poetic drama and novels. The national hero Jose Rizal furthered development of the Filipino novel form with his works critiquing Spanish colonial rule. Other prominent writers arose who were influenced by Rizal and aimed to promote reform
Spanish empire
The document provides brief biographies of several important figures from the Spanish Empire in the Americas between the 16th and 17th centuries:
1) Diego Vasicuio was an influential religious teacher to the native Americans who passed on sacred traditions.
2) Francisco Baquero was a shoemaker who fought for fair treatment of mixed-race people.
3) Cristobal Bequer was a violent priest who joined the clergy after his brother's murder.
4) The document then discusses the history and spread of the powerful Spanish Empire across several continents and centuries.
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Rizal was a Filipino polymath during the 19th century. He was born to a wealthy family and received an excellent education in the Philippines, Spain, and France. He had expertise in many fields including medicine, art, teaching, and writing. As a writer, he published two novels and several essays that were influential in the Filipino independence movement but also made him an enemy of the Spanish colonial government. He was ultimately executed by the Spanish in 1896 at the age of 35, becoming a martyr for the cause of Filipino independence.
Pueblo revolt of 1680
The Pueblo Revolt of 1680 was an uprising led by Native American Pueblo people against Spanish colonizers in New Mexico. The Pueblos had initially tolerated and benefited from the Spanish presence, but grew resentful as the missionaries suppressed Pueblo traditions and culture. A drought in the 1670s exacerbated tensions, and in 1675 the governor arrested 47 Pueblo medicine men. In response, Pueblo leaders planned a coordinated attack that succeeded in killing hundreds of Spanish settlers and driving the remaining colonists out of New Mexico for over a decade. However, internal conflicts and raids from other tribes weakened the Pueblos, allowing the Spanish to reconquer the region in 1692 under
GROUP-3-SPANISH-germany.pptx
The Spanish colonial period from 1521-1898 saw the arrival of Spanish explorer Ferdinand Magellan in the Philippines in 1521. Spanish colonization began in earnest in 1565 when Miguel López de Legazpi established the first permanent Spanish settlement in Cebu. During this time, Spanish influence profoundly shaped Philippine culture, introducing Christianity, the Spanish language, and architectural styles like the Bahay na Bato stone house. Spanish friars also commissioned local artists to create religious paintings and sculptures. Traditional art forms like pottery, weaving, and music like the kundiman love song were also influenced by Spanish styles.
Spanish colonial and pre colonial text
1. Spanish colonization of the Philippines started in 1565 under Miguel Lopez de Legazpi.
2. Literature began to flourish as the Spanish introduced Christianity and the native tradition was documented and translated to local languages like Tagalog.
3. Over centuries of Spanish rule, a rich tradition of Philippine literature developed, ranging from religious texts to novels, plays, and poems that blended European and native styles and themes.
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This document provides biographical information on several individuals from history in Latin America:
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- Damiana De Cunha was a central figure in a Portuguese village who mediated between the villagers and colonial authorities after being taken hostage as a child.
- Hernando de Valencia was a treasury agent in Madrid who traveled to Peru but faced scandal and returned to Spain after various controversies.
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1) The document describes several notable figures from colonial Latin America including indigenous religious leaders who worked to maintain native traditions, priests who predicted the arrival of Europeans, slaves and their struggles under the colonial system, and women who were subjected to arranged marriages and accusations of witchcraft.
2) The document also discusses the Spanish conquistador Hernan Cortes and his expedition to Mexico where he defeated the Aztec ruler Montezuma and eventually conquered the Aztec empire, as well as the Spanish conquistador Francisco Pizarro and his conquest of the Inca empire in Peru.
Spanish empires in america
1. The document describes several notable individuals from Latin American history, including indigenous religious leaders who worked to preserve native traditions, those who resisted Spanish rule, and figures involved in the Spanish conquest of the Aztec and Inca empires.
2. Hernan Cortes led the Spanish conquest of the Aztec empire in Mexico in the 1520s, defeating the Aztec ruler Montezuma and establishing Spanish rule.
3. Francisco Pizarro led the Spanish conquest of the Inca empire in Peru in the 1530s, defeating the Inca ruler Atahualpa through deception and establishing a Spanish colonial administration led by himself.
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Magellan arrived in the Philippines in 1521 as part of a Spanish expedition searching for the Spice Islands. He claimed the Philippines for Spain but was killed in 1521 during a battle with Lapu-Lapu and his warriors on Mactan Island. In 1565, Spain began colonizing the Philippines under Miguel Lopez de Legazpi and sought to spread Catholicism. The Spanish established central and local governments, but the church exercised significant influence, leading the government to be called "Frailocracia."
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Damiana da Cunha was a tribal woman in Brazil in the 1700s-1830s who served as a teacher, missionary, mediator, and expedition leader. As the granddaughter of a tribal chief, she bridged the cultures of the indigenous peoples and Portuguese settlers through her education and leadership roles. She led several expeditions to convert indigenous groups to Christianity before dying on her fifth expedition in 1831.
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The document summarizes the history and development of literature in the Philippines during the Spanish colonial period from 1565 to the late 19th century. It discusses how Spanish missionaries introduced printing and helped establish the first literature works in local languages like Tagalog. Literature grew as more religious and educational materials were published, including books, poems, plays, and novels that explored themes of Filipino identity and resistance. Over time, native writers also emerged and contributed works across different genres that represented Philippine cultural traditions.
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What role did literature play during the said periods?
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1 The Pueblo Revolt, 1680 Kevin M. Gannon (2013) Issue
1
The Pueblo Revolt, 1680
Kevin M. Gannon (2013) Issues and Controversies in History.
Were the Pueblo Indians Justified in Rebelling Against the Spanish?
The Issue
The 1680 Pueblo Revolt in the Spanish colony of New Mexico was the first—and only—
successful rebellion of Native American peoples against the Europeans who ruled them by force
during the colonial period of American history. Spanish colonizers and their Pueblo subjects
embraced diametrically opposed beliefs about the world and their place within it; the tensions
that sprang from this opposition would culminate in an extraordinary outbreak of violence and
insurrection in the summer of 1680. The Spanish believed that their colonial presence in New
Mexico was eminently justifiable, and that Spanish colonization was a mandate from God. To
the Pueblo, the Spanish used religious conversion as a vehicle of oppression, abused the native
population, and were powerless to protect the Pueblos from the numerous threats they faced to
their very survival.
• Arguments that the Spanish Presence in New Mexico Was Legitimate and Just: The
Spanish justified their conquests in the “New World” by arguing that the conversion of
Native Americans to Roman Catholicism was of paramount importance—the true Word
of God was being spread, and Indian souls were saved. Inherent in this view was a belief
that indigenous Americans were inferior to Europeans. By demonstrating the proper ways
to exploit the bountiful resources of the Americas (including plentiful amounts of silver)
and to worship the Christian God, the Spanish were undertaking a mission to “civilize”
what they saw as backwards, ignorant, and savage Indians.
• Arguments that the Spanish Presence in New Mexico Was Intolerable and that the
Spanish Must be Expelled by the Pueblo: For decades, the Pueblo had seen their land
and people mercilessly exploited by the Spanish. The Spanish had forced the Pueblo to
give them a share of their crops and other goods, leaving them with scant provisions to
sustain themselves and their families. The efforts of the Spanish Franciscan priests to
convert them to Catholicism also meant the often violent suppression of their native
religious practices. The Franciscans’ message of a loving and merciful Christian God did
not match the harsh and violent reality of Spanish colonization, which seemed to grow
worse over time.
Background
For Pedro Hidalgo, August 10, 1680, started out as probably most days did. A Spanish soldier,
Hidalgo served as a one-man security detail for Fray Juan Pío, a Franciscan missionary to the
Indians of the Tesuque Pueblo, one of many native pueblos in the Rio Grande region claimed by
the Spanish as part of the colony of New Mexico. Early in the morning, Hidalgo and Pío had set
out from the capital of Santa Fe toward Tesuque, where the priest was to say mass. At dawn, the
two Spaniards reached the pueblo, only to find it empty; even the livestock was gon ...
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