This document outlines factors that influence a working woman's ability to manage menopausal problems based on Pender's Health Promotional Model. It discusses individual factors like biological characteristics and psychological factors. Socio-cultural factors like education and religion also impact management. Perceived benefits include managing problems with less medical support while barriers include lack of time. Self-efficacy and the pre-test assessment of knowledge are examined. Interpersonal influences like healthcare providers administering programs and situational influences like family and coworkers are also considered. The model shows how a plan of action after a program can lead to health-promoting behaviors in managing menopause independently.

1. Prior Related Behaviour on
management of menopausal
problems:*
Previous exposure to
management of menopausal
problems through mother,
other family members, peers
and media
Personal factors:
1. Biological factors:
Women, Age of menarche*
and marriage*, number of
children and premenopausal
age (35 – 46yrs).
2. Psychological factors:*
Positive Factors:
Self-esteem, self-motivation
and perceived health status.
Negative factors:
Mood swings, stress in family
and work place.
Less support from family
3. Socio-cultural factors:
Educational Status, Teaching
and non-teaching staff,
Religion* and marital status.
Perceived Benefits of Action:
Prepared to manage menopausal problems with
less medical support, prevent selected complications
due to menopause, prepared to cope up emotional
changes with excess positive behavior towards it,
able to help women’s (menopausal).
Perceived Barriers to Action:
Not able to follow the management into practice due
to lack of time, stress and extended role in
family/work area.
Perceived Self-efficacy:
Working women preparedness to manage the
menopausal problems.
- Personal interest.
Activity-Related Affect:
Assessment of pretest knowledge of working women
regarding management of menopausal problems.
Interpersonal influences:
Administration of PTP on management of
menopausal problems by health care providers
Situational influences:
Family co-operation, expected behaviour, stimulation
of co-workers may interfere the participation in the
programme.
Commitment to a Plan of
action (after PTP):*
Makes realistic plan to
manage and prevent
menopausal problems, like
• Modifying dietary pattern
• Following stress
reduction measures
• Practicing exercise
regularly.
Health-promoting
Behaviour: *
Prepared to manage
menopausal problems in
practice independently
and less depend on
other/ medical support.
( Only knowledge is
assessed by conducting
post-test regarding
management of
menopausal problems)
intermediate competing
demands and preferences: *
• Commitment in their
routine life
• Extended role in family
• Showing interest in
getting medical support.
Behavioral
outcomes
KEY
* Not included in the study
Behavior – Specific
cognitions and affect
Individual characteristics
and experiences
FIG 2.1 CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK BASED ON PENDER’S HEALTH PROMOTIONAL MODEL- 2002) APPLIED ON MANAGEMENT OF MENOPAUSAL
PROBLEMS IN TERMS OF KNOWLEDGE AMONG PREMENOPAUSAL WORKING WOMEN.