This document provides an overview of diabetes risk factors and type 2 diabetes. It discusses that type 2 diabetes is characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency. Obesity, lack of exercise, poor diet, and genetics increase the risk. Symptoms include increased thirst and urination. Complications include heart disease, vision loss, and kidney failure if not managed through diet, exercise and medication. Natural remedies like neem, bitter gourd, ginger, jamun, fenugreek, cinnamon and ginseng can help control blood sugar levels. Lifestyle changes and medication are important for prevention and management of type 2 diabetes.

1. Everything You’ve Ever Wanted to Know About
Diabetes Risk Factors
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Diabetes mellitus type 2 or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) is a
metabolic disorder characterized by high blood pressure in the context of insulin
resistance and relative insulin deficiency. It is recognized by glucose.
This is in contrast to diabetes mellitus type 1 in which there is complete insulin
deficiency due to disruption of islet cells in the pancreas. Increased thirst, frequent
urination, and persistent hunger There are some familiar symptoms.
Early management of type 2 diabetes is achieved by increasing exercise and dietary
modification. Medications such as metformin or insulin may be needed if these
measures do not lower blood glucose levels sufficiently. People who are on insulin
require regular monitoring of blood sugar levels.
The rate of diabetes has increased in parallel with the rate of obesity over the past 50
years. About 285 million people are suffering from this disease in 2010, compared to
about 30 million in 1985. Long-term complications from high blood sugar can include
heart disease, seizures, diabetic retinopathy that affects vision, kidney failure that may

2. require dialysis, and amputation due to poor circulation to the organs. However, the
feature of diabetes type 1 which is a serious complication of ketone body excess is
uncommon. However, nonketotic hyperosmolar coma may occur.
Pre-diabetes: If the amount of glucose in your blood increases above normal, but
does not increase so much that it can be declared diabetes, then it is said that you
have pre-diabetes. There are many tests that can be done to diagnose diabetes, and
diabetes and pre-diabetes have different standards in each test.
Signs and symptoms: Polyuria (frequent urination), polydipsia (increased thirst),
polyphagia (increased appetite) and weight loss are common symptoms of diabetes.
Other symptoms that may be present at diagnosis include blurred vision, itching,
peripheral neuropathy.
Many people have no symptoms for the first few years and are diagnosed during
routine testing. People with type 2 diabetes mellitus may occasionally have nonketotic
hyperosmolar coma (a condition characterized by very high blood sugar with
decreased level of consciousness and low blood pressure).
Complications: Type 2 diabetes is generally a complex disease, with a life
expectancy of 10 years. Risks, which include endemic heart disease and stroke,
include a 20-fold increased risk of lower limb amputation and hospitalization rates. In
the developed world and elsewhere, type 2 diabetes, non-traumatic blindness and is
the biggest cause of kidney failure.
It is associated with an increased risk of cognitive dysfunction and dementia through
pathological processes such as Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Other
complications include: acanthosis nigracans (thickness in skin color at the joints and
junctions), sexual dysfunction, and frequently- frequent infections.
Reasons: Type 2 diabetes develops through a combination of lifestyle and genetic
factors. While some are under control, such as diet and obesity, and others, such as
aging, gender and genetics, are not controlled. It is now understood that sleep
deprivation is also linked to type 2 diabetes.

3. This is thought to be due to its effect on metabolism. The mother’s nutritional status
during the baby’s development in pregnancy may also play a role. , which may result
from an action caused by altered DNA methylation.
Lifestyle: It is pertinent to mention here that lifestyle factors are mainly responsible
for the development of type 2 diabetes include obesity (defined as a body weight index
greater than 30 if found), along with lack of physical activity, poor diet, stress, as well
as urbanization.
Chinese and Japanese ancestry. Excess body fat is associated with 30 percent of
cases in people of European and African descent, 60–80 percent in people of
European and African ancestry, and 100 percent of cases in Pima Indian and Pacific
Islanders. Those who are not obese often have a higher waist-thigh ratio.
It is important to mention here that dietary factors also contribute to risk of developing
type 2 diabetes. High intake of sugar-sweetened drinks is also associated with
increased risk. The type of fat in the diet is also important, with saturated fat and trans
fatty acids increasing the risk and polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fats
increasing the risk. Consumption of high amounts of white rice also appears to play a
role in increasing the risk. It is believed that 7 percent of cases are due to lack of
exercise.
Genetics: Most cases of diabetes involve multiple genes, each of which increases the
likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes. If one of the identical twins has diabetes, the
other is more likely to develop diabetes during his or her lifetime.
The probability is greater than 90 percent, compared to 25–30 percent in non-identical
siblings. In 2011 more than 36 genes have been shown to contribute to the risk of type
2 diabetes. All these genes together still contribute only about 10 percent of the total
genetic component of the disease. For example, the TCF7L2 allele increases the risk
of developing diabetes 1.5-fold and has the greatest risk of common genetic variants.
Most of the genes associated with diabetes are involved in beta cell function.
There are very few cases of diabetes that arise from an abnormality in a single gene
(known as monogenic type diabetes or “other specific types of diabetes”). mature
onset (MODY), Donohue syndrome, and Rabson-Mendenhall syndrome. Mature

4. onset of diabetes in young people contributes to 1–5 percent of all cases of diabetes
in young people.
Prevention: The onset of type 2 diabetes can be delayed or prevented through
appropriate nutrition and regular exercise. Serious lifestyle measures can halve the
risk. Initial weight gain and weight loss due to exercise are unaffected.
Evidence for benefit from dietary changes alone, although limited, There is some
evidence of dietary excess of green leafy vegetables and some evidence of a benefit
of limiting drinking sugary beverages. Those with poor glucose tolerance, diet and
exercise alone or with metformin or acarbose. The combination may reduce the risk
of developing diabetes.
Diabetes: Diabetes is the silent killer, these 7 things will naturally control blood
sugar
Diabetes is such a disease that once it occurs, it remains in the body forever. Diabetes
patients are advised to check blood sugar regularly to avoid any kind of danger. Heart,
stroke, kidney disease and eye-related problems increase when the sugar level
increases. Apart from medicine, diabetes can also be controlled by some natural
methods.
Neem: Neem is an age-old herb that has been relied upon by people for years. From
skin and teeth problems to de-toxication, neem is very useful. Experts say that there
are chemicals called flavonoids, glycosides and triterpenoids found in neem which
prevent the increase of glucose in the body. Doctors say that taking neem powder with
water twice a day is beneficial. It can also be taken by mixing it in tea or food.
Bitter gourd: Bitter gourd acts as a medicine for diabetic patients. Bitter gourd is also
called anti-diabetes. It contains charatin and momordicin, which help in reducing blood
sugar levels in diabetic patients. Doctors say that drinking bitter gourd juice early in
the morning can control blood sugar easily. You can also drink it by adding any
vegetable or amla of your choice.
Ginger: There are countless benefits of eating ginger, especially in diabetic patients,
it controls insulin. This is something that can be easily included in the diet. You can

5. drink it by adding it to tea, or you can make ginger turmeric milk and drink it. Keep in
mind that raw ginger gives more benefits than ripe. You can also consume dry ginger.
Indian blackberry/Jamun: Jamun is like a magical fruit for diabetic patients. It
controls blood sugar better. Jamun contains a compound called jambolin which helps
in lowering blood sugar. It increases insulin sensitivity. It helps in better utilization of
insulin in the body. It is used for impaired fasting glucose in diabetic patients.
Fenugreek: It is observed that fenugreek helps in improving glucose tolerance in the
body. It contains a lot of soluble fiber which controls blood sugar by slowing down the
absorption and digestion of carbohydrates. Consuming 10 grams of fenugreek daily
can reduce the problems caused by diabetes. You can also take it in the form of
powder or by boiling it in water.
Cinnamon: Cinnamon is a spice that has amazing benefits. It increases insulin
sensitivity in diabetic patients. This allows the body to use insulin better. Doctors
recommend taking 250 mg of cinnamon twice a day. It is more beneficial to take it
before eating.
Ginseng: This is the root of a plant that is mainly grown in North America. It is
considered very effective in improving insulin. Like jamun and fenugreek, it also makes
the cells of the body active towards insulin. Doctors recommend taking 3 grams of it
daily. However, those taking blood thinners do not get any special benefit from it.