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အမ်ိဳးသားေျမအသံုးခ်မႉမူ၀ါဒႏွင့္ခရီးသြားက႑
ျငိမ္းဇာနည္ႏုိင္
ေျမယာမ႑ိဳင္အဖြဲ႔
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Why Land?
• Scare resource (ရွားပါးေသာ အရင္းအျမစ္)
• Different uses (အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးအဖံုဖံု အသံုးျပဳပံု)
• Diverse values (ကြဲျပားေသာတန္ဖိုးထားမႉမ်ား)
• Competing rights (အခြင့္အေရးမ်ားယွဥ္ျပဳင္မွဳ)
• Conflicting interests (အက်ိဳးစီးပြားပ​​ဋိပကၡျဖစ္ျခင္း)
• Pluralistic rules (ေတာင္ပံုယာပံု စည္းကမ္းမ်ိဳးစံု)
• Overlapping governances (အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္စနစ္ေရာယွက္ေန )
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Land is the central pillar for economic
development
• ေျမက႑သည္ယေန႔နိုင္ငံဖြံ႔ျဖိဳးေရးအတြက္ၾကီးမားေသာ
စိန္ေခၚမႉ
• ေျမႏွင့္သဘာ၀အရင္းအျမစ္မ်ားကိုရယူသံုးစြဲနိုင္မႉႏွင့္လံုျခံဳမႉရွိ
ျခင္းသည္ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႉေလ်ာ့ခ်ေရးသာတူညီမ်ွဖြံ႔ျဖိဳးေရး
အတြက္အေျခခံ
• ေကာင္းမြန္ေသာေျမအရင္းအျမစ္စီမံခန္႔ခြဲမႉရွိမွသာတာ၀န္
ယူမႉရွိေသာရင္းႏွီးျမွပ္ႏွံမႉမ်ား၊က႑လုိက္ဖြံ႔ျဖိဳးတိုးတက္မႉမ်ား
ျဖစ္ေပၚလာ
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Resource
Bases
Tenure
Systems
Land
Water
Forest
Culture
Formal
Informal
Private
T
O
U
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I
S
M
Public
ေကာင္းမြန္ေသာ ေျမယာအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉသည္
ခရီးသြားက႑ဖြံ႔ျဖိဳးမႉအတြက္ အေျခခံ
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Drivers for land reform
• ရင္းႏွီးျမႈပ္ႏွံမႈႏွင့္ စီးပြားေရးဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးမႈအတြက္ ေျမလိုုအပ္မႈ
• ရင္းႏွီးျမႈပ္ႏွံသူမ်ား၏ ေျမအသံုုးခ်ပိုုင္ခြင့္ လံုုျခံဳမႈအတြက္ ေတာင္းဆိုုမႈ
• အေရအတြက္ႏွင့္ အမ်ိဳးအစား မ်ားျပားရႈပ္ေထြးလွသည့္ ေျမအမႈအခင္းမ်ား
• လက္ရွိေျမအသံုုးခ်ပိုုင္ခြင့္မ်ားကိုု အသိအမွတ္ျပဳ အကာအကြယ္ေပးရန္
လိုုအပ္မႈ
• ေျမမဲ့ယာမဲ့မ်ားႏွင့္ စစ္ေဘးေရွာင္ျပည္သူမ်ား၏ ေျမယာလုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္မ်ား
• သဟဇာတမျဖစ္သည့္ ေျမႏွင့္သက္ဆိုုင္သည့္ ဥပေဒမ်ား
• ဥပေဒအတိုုင္း အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္မေနမႈမ်ား၊ ဥပေဒကိုု
မွန္ကန္ထိေရာက္စြာ အသံုုးမျပဳမႈမ်ား
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Policy Objectives
• ႏိုုင္ငံေတာ္ရွိ ျပည္သူအားလံုုး၏ အက်ိဳးစီးပြားအလိုု႔ငွာ ေရရွည္တည္တန္႔သည့္ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ
စီမံခန္႔ခြဲေရး၊ သဘာ၀နယ္ေျမမ်ား၊ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ႏွင့္ သဘာ၀ အရင္းအျမစ္မ်ား ထိန္းသိမ္း
ကာကြယ္ေရးတိုု႔ ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးတိုုးတက္ေစရန္။
• ႏုုိင္ငံေတာ္၏ ျမိဳ႕ျပႏွင့္ေက်းလက္ေန ျပည္သူအားလံုုး၏ လူေနမႈဘ၀ ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳး တိုုး တက္ေရးႏွင့္
စားနပ္ရိကၡာ ဖူလံုုေရးတိုု႔အတြက္ ေျမယာလုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္ ခိုုင္မာေစရန္။
• တိုုင္းရင္းသားမ်ား၏ ဓေလ့ထံုုးတမ္းဆိုုင္ရာ ေျမယာလုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္ႏွင့္ လုုပ္ထံုုးလုုပ္ နည္းမ်ားကိုု
အသိအမွတ္ျပဳျပီး အကာအကြယ္ေပးရန္။
• ေျမႏွင့္သက္ဆိုုင္သည့္ အျငင္းပြားမႈမ်ားကိုု တရားဥပေဒစိုုးမိုုးေရးအတြက္ ပြင့္လင္းျမင္သာမႈ၊
တရားမ ွ်တမႈႏွင့္ လြတ္လပ္မႈရွိေသာ ေျဖရွင္းဆံုုးျဖတ္သည့္ လုုပ္ငန္းစဥ္မ်ား ထူေထာင္ရန္။
• ႏိုုင္ငံေတာ္၏ စီးပြားေရး ညီညြတ္မွ်တစြာ ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးတိုုးတက္ေစေရးအတြက္ ေျမအရင္းအျမစ္ အား
အေျခခံေသာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႈပ္ႏွံမႈမ်ားကိုု တာ၀န္ယူမႈ၊ တာ၀န္ခံမႈ မ်ားျဖင့္ ျမွင့္တင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ရန္။
• အထက္ပါေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈမူ၀ါဒ ရည္မွန္းခ်က္မ်ားအား အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ ေဆာင္ရြက္
ႏိုုင္ေရးအတြက္ အမ်ိဳးသားေျမဥပေဒကိုု ျပဌာန္းရန္။
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National Land Use Policy Framework
• ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ စီမံခန္႔ခြဲျခင္း
• စီမံကိန္းေရးဆြဲျခင္းႏွင့္ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ
ေျပာင္းလဲျခင္း
• အစိုုးရက စီမံခန္႔ခြဲပိုုင္ခြင့္ရွိေသာေျမမ်ားကိုု
လုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္ ျပဳျခင္းႏွင့္ ဌွားရမ္းျခင္း
• ေျမသိမ္းဆည္းျခင္း၊ျပန္လည္ေနရာခ်ထား
ျခင္း၊ ေလ်ာ္ ေၾကး ေပးျခင္း၊
ျပန္လည္ထူေထာင္ျခင္း၊
ျပန္လည္အစားထိုုး ျဖည့္ဆည္းေပးျခင္း
ဆုုိင္ရာ လုုပ္ထံုုးလုုပ္နည္းမ်ား
• ေျမႏွင့္သက္ဆိုုင္သည့္ အျငင္းပြားမႈမ်ား
ေျဖရွင္းဆံုုးျဖတ္ ျခင္းႏွင့္ အယူခံျခင္း
• ေျမႏွင့္ဆက္စပ္သည့္ အခြန္အခမ်ား
စည္းၾကပ္ေကာက္ခံ ျခင္း၊
ေျမယာလႊဲေျပာင္းခႏွင့္ ထိုုက္သင့္ေသာ
တံဆပ္ေခါင္းခြန္ကိစၥရပ္ မ်ား
• တိုုင္းရင္းသားလူမ်ိဳးမ်ား၏ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ
အခြင့္အေရးမ်ား
• အမ်ိဳးသားအမ်ိဳးသမီးမ်ား၏တန္းတူညီမ ွ်အခြင့္
အေရးမ်ား
• ဥပေဒမ်ား သဟဇာတျဖစ္ေစျခင္းႏွင့္
ဥပေဒအသစ္ ျပဌာန္းျခင္း
• ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေလ့လာျခင္းႏွင့္ အကဲျဖတ္ျခင္း
• သုုေတသနျပဳျခင္းႏွင့္ ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးတိုုးတက္ေစျခင္း
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Land Use Planning and Zoning
• ခရိုုင္အဆင့္ကိုု မ႑ိဳင္ထား၍ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ စီမံကိန္းမ်ားကိုု ေရးဆြဲ
• ျပည့္စံုုမွန္ကန္ေသာ သတင္းအခ်က္အလက္မ်ားအေပၚ အေျခခံရန္
• ေက်းရြာအဆင့္ျပည္သူမ်ားကိုုယ္တိုုင္ပါ၀င္ ေရးဆြဲေစ၊
မွတ္ပံုုတင္ထားသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ မထားသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ ကာလၾကာရွည္စြာ
အသံုုးျပဳေနသည့္ ေျမလုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္မ်ားကိုု အသိအမွတ္ျပဳ
• ပြင့္လင္းျမင္သာသည့္ လုုပ္ငန္းစဥ္တြင္ ျပည္သူမ်ားကိုု ၾကိဳတင္အသိေပးျခင္း၊
ေဆြးေႏြးတိုုင္ပင္ညွိႏိႈင္းျခင္းႏွင့္ ပါ၀င္ဆံုုးျဖတ္ေစျခင္းမ်ားျဖင့္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ရန္
• ဇံုု ၆ မ်ိဳး ခြဲျခားရန္ (ျမိဳ႕ျပႏွင့္ ေက်းလက္ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးေရးဇုုန္၊ စိုုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးဇံုု၊ ေမြးျမဴေရးႏွင့္
ေရလုုပ္ငန္းဇံုု၊ သစ္ေတာဇုုန္စသည္ျဖင့္)
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Changing Land Uses
• ခြင့္ျပဳရန္သင့္မသင့္ စဥ္းစားရာတြင္ သက္ဆိုုင္ရာ နယ္ေျမႏွင့္ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ရွိ
ေျမအသံုုးခ်လ်က္ရွိသူမ်ား၏ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ အခြင့္အေရးမ်ားအား
ကာကြယ္ႏိုုင္ေရးအတြက္ ေလ်ာက္ထားခ်က္ကိုု အမ်ားျပည္သူသိုု႔
အသိေပးခ်ျပျခင္း၊ ၾကိဳတင္ႏိုု႔တစ္ေပးျခင္းႏွင့္ အယူခံခြင့္ေပးျခင္းဆိုုင္ရာ
လုုပ္ငန္းစဥ္မ်ားကိုု သတ္မွတ္ရန္
• အက်ိဳးထိခိုုက္မႈမ်ားအား အကာအကြယ္ေပးႏိုုင္ေရး ေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕
– သတင္းအခ်က္အလက္မွန္ကန္မႈ စိစစ္အတည္ျပဳ
– ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ဆိုုင္ရာစိစစ္မႈႏွင့္ လူမႈေရးအက်ိဳးသက္ေရာက္မႈဆိုုင္ရာ
ဆန္းစစ္ခ်က္မ်ား အျပီးသတ္ေဆာင္ရြက္
– အလွည့္က်အနားေပးေတာင္ယာမ်ားႏွင့္ မိရိုုးဖလာနည္းျဖင့္ စိုုက္ပ်ိဳးသည့္
ေျမမ်ားကိုု အကာအကြယ္ ျပဳ
– သဘာ၀အရင္းအျမစ္မ်ားႏွင့္ ေဂဟစနစ္ကိုု အကာအကြယ္ေပး
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Grant and Lease of Land at the Disposal of Government
• FPIC အက်ိဳးသက္ဆိုုင္သူမ်ားကိုု ၾကိဳတင္အေၾကာင္းၾကားျခင္း၊ သေဘာဆႏၵ
ရယူျခင္း၊ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ဆိုုင္ရာ စိစစ္မႈႏွင့္ လူမႈေရးအက်ိဳးသက္ေရာက္မႈ
ဆန္းစစ္ျခင္း (ESIA) မ်ားကိုု သက္ဆိုုင္ရာ ဥပေဒႏွင့္အညီ ေဆာင္ရြက္ရမည္။
ထိုုသိုု႔ေဆာင္ရြက္ေနစဥ္အတြင္း လုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္ျပဳျခင္းႏွင့္ ငွားရမ္းျခင္းတိုု႔ကိုု
ေခတၱဆိုုင္းငံ့ထားရမည္။
• ႏိုုင္ငံေတာ္အက်ိဳးငွာ ျဖစ္ပါက ေစ့စပ္ညွိႏိႈင္းျခင္းနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ပူးေပါင္းပါ၀င္ေစရန္
စည္းရံုုးေဆာင္ရြက္ရမည္။
• ပုုဂၢလိက စီးပြားေရးကိစၥျဖစ္ပါက ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ရမည့္ အက်ိဳးသက္ဆိုုင္သူမ်ား၏
ဆႏၵကိုု ဦးစားေပးရမည္။ အက်ိဳးသက္ဆိုုင္သူမ်ား၏ ဆႏၵအရ ေနရာေျပာင္းေရ႔ႊရန္
မျဖစ္ႏိုုင္ပါက စီမံခ်က္ဒီဇိုုင္းကိုု ေျပာင္းလဲ၊ ျပင္ဆင္၊ ေရးဆြဲက်င့္သံုုးႏိုုင္သည့္
နည္းလမ္းကိုု ရွာေဖြရမည္။
L
A
N
D
C
O
R
E
G
R
O
U
P
Land Rights of Ethnic Nationalities
• တိုုင္းရင္းသားရိုုးရာေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈအခြင့္အေရးမ်ားကိုုမွတ္ပံုုတင္ႏိုုင္ရန္တည္ဆဲဥပေဒ
မ်ားတြင္ ျပဌာန္းေပးရမည္။
• လက္ရွိမွတ္တမ္းႏွင့္ေျမပံုုတြင္ ပါသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ မပါသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊
မွတ္ပံုုတင္ထားသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ မထားသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ အသိအမွတ္ျပဳ
အကာအကြယ္ေပးရန္
• သစ္ေတာေျမ၊လယ္ယာေျမႏွင့္ေျမလြတ္ေျမေျမရိုုင္းမ်ားတြင္ပါ၀င္ေနေသာတိုုင္းရင္း
သားမ်ား၏ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈကိုု အမ်ိဳးသားဥပေဒသစ္ႏွင့္အညီ
အမ်ိဳးအစားျပန္လည္သတ္မွတ္ရမည္။
• စိုုက္ပ်ိဳးေျမ(သိုု႔)သစ္ေတာေျမအျဖစ္သတ္မွတ္ထားေသာေျမေပၚရွိအလွည့္က်အနား
ေပး ေတာင္ယာေျမ မ်ားကိုု မွတ္ပံုုတင္ႏိုုင္ရန္ အမ်ိဳးသားေျမဥပေဒအသစ္တြင္
ျပဌာန္းရမည္။
L
A
N
D
C
O
R
E
G
R
O
U
P
Implications
• ေျမအသံုးျပဳမႉ (How land is allocated and acquired for
tourism investments)
• သဘာ၀သယံဇာတပိုင္ဆိုင္မႉအေပၚသက္ေရာက္မႉ (How
tourism impact on different resource tenure systems
of people)
• ထိခိုက္လြယ္ျပည္သူမ်ား (လုပ္ကြက္ငယ္ေတာင္သူမ်ား၊
ေျမမဲ႔ယာမဲ႔မ်ား၊အမ်ိဳးသမီးမ်ား)၏အသက္ေမြး၀မ္းေက်ာင္း
ႏွင့္စီးပြားေရး အခြင့္အလမ္းမ်ားအေပၚသက္ေရာက္မႉ (How
tourism impacts on livelihood security and economic
opportunities of the poor and vulnerable groups)
L
A
N
D
C
O
R
E
G
R
O
U
P
Can tourism sector be a positive
energy to improve land
governance in Myanmar?
ခရီးသြားက႑သည္ ေကာင္းမြန္ေသာ ေျမယာအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉ
အတြက္အက်ိဳးျဖစ္ထြန္းေစေသာ
စြမ္းအားတစ္ခုျဖစ္နိုင္ပါသလား ?
L
A
N
D
C
O
R
E
G
R
O
U
P
အၾကံျပဳခ်က္မ်ား....
• Putting land and poverty issues in tourism
agenda
• Harmonization of tourism policy to other policy
frameworks (e.g. national land policy)
• Participatory planning and inclusive approaches
– Destination level
– Policy level
Thank you
Profit-
oriented
tourism
Responsible
Tourism
Impact
Tourism

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Developments in the National Land Use Policy, and implications for tourism development - Nyein Zarni Naing , Land Core Group

  • 2. L A N D C O R E G R O U P Why Land? • Scare resource (ရွားပါးေသာ အရင္းအျမစ္) • Different uses (အမ်ိဳးမ်ိဳးအဖံုဖံု အသံုးျပဳပံု) • Diverse values (ကြဲျပားေသာတန္ဖိုးထားမႉမ်ား) • Competing rights (အခြင့္အေရးမ်ားယွဥ္ျပဳင္မွဳ) • Conflicting interests (အက်ိဳးစီးပြားပ​​ဋိပကၡျဖစ္ျခင္း) • Pluralistic rules (ေတာင္ပံုယာပံု စည္းကမ္းမ်ိဳးစံု) • Overlapping governances (အုပ္ခ်ဳပ္စနစ္ေရာယွက္ေန )
  • 3. L A N D C O R E G R O U P Land is the central pillar for economic development • ေျမက႑သည္ယေန႔နိုင္ငံဖြံ႔ျဖိဳးေရးအတြက္ၾကီးမားေသာ စိန္ေခၚမႉ • ေျမႏွင့္သဘာ၀အရင္းအျမစ္မ်ားကိုရယူသံုးစြဲနိုင္မႉႏွင့္လံုျခံဳမႉရွိ ျခင္းသည္ဆင္းရဲမြဲေတမႉေလ်ာ့ခ်ေရးသာတူညီမ်ွဖြံ႔ျဖိဳးေရး အတြက္အေျခခံ • ေကာင္းမြန္ေသာေျမအရင္းအျမစ္စီမံခန္႔ခြဲမႉရွိမွသာတာ၀န္ ယူမႉရွိေသာရင္းႏွီးျမွပ္ႏွံမႉမ်ား၊က႑လုိက္ဖြံ႔ျဖိဳးတိုးတက္မႉမ်ား ျဖစ္ေပၚလာ
  • 5. L A N D C O R E G R O U P Drivers for land reform • ရင္းႏွီးျမႈပ္ႏွံမႈႏွင့္ စီးပြားေရးဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးမႈအတြက္ ေျမလိုုအပ္မႈ • ရင္းႏွီးျမႈပ္ႏွံသူမ်ား၏ ေျမအသံုုးခ်ပိုုင္ခြင့္ လံုုျခံဳမႈအတြက္ ေတာင္းဆိုုမႈ • အေရအတြက္ႏွင့္ အမ်ိဳးအစား မ်ားျပားရႈပ္ေထြးလွသည့္ ေျမအမႈအခင္းမ်ား • လက္ရွိေျမအသံုုးခ်ပိုုင္ခြင့္မ်ားကိုု အသိအမွတ္ျပဳ အကာအကြယ္ေပးရန္ လိုုအပ္မႈ • ေျမမဲ့ယာမဲ့မ်ားႏွင့္ စစ္ေဘးေရွာင္ျပည္သူမ်ား၏ ေျမယာလုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္မ်ား • သဟဇာတမျဖစ္သည့္ ေျမႏွင့္သက္ဆိုုင္သည့္ ဥပေဒမ်ား • ဥပေဒအတိုုင္း အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္မေနမႈမ်ား၊ ဥပေဒကိုု မွန္ကန္ထိေရာက္စြာ အသံုုးမျပဳမႈမ်ား
  • 6. L A N D C O R E G R O U P Policy Objectives • ႏိုုင္ငံေတာ္ရွိ ျပည္သူအားလံုုး၏ အက်ိဳးစီးပြားအလိုု႔ငွာ ေရရွည္တည္တန္႔သည့္ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ စီမံခန္႔ခြဲေရး၊ သဘာ၀နယ္ေျမမ်ား၊ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ႏွင့္ သဘာ၀ အရင္းအျမစ္မ်ား ထိန္းသိမ္း ကာကြယ္ေရးတိုု႔ ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးတိုုးတက္ေစရန္။ • ႏုုိင္ငံေတာ္၏ ျမိဳ႕ျပႏွင့္ေက်းလက္ေန ျပည္သူအားလံုုး၏ လူေနမႈဘ၀ ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳး တိုုး တက္ေရးႏွင့္ စားနပ္ရိကၡာ ဖူလံုုေရးတိုု႔အတြက္ ေျမယာလုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္ ခိုုင္မာေစရန္။ • တိုုင္းရင္းသားမ်ား၏ ဓေလ့ထံုုးတမ္းဆိုုင္ရာ ေျမယာလုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္ႏွင့္ လုုပ္ထံုုးလုုပ္ နည္းမ်ားကိုု အသိအမွတ္ျပဳျပီး အကာအကြယ္ေပးရန္။ • ေျမႏွင့္သက္ဆိုုင္သည့္ အျငင္းပြားမႈမ်ားကိုု တရားဥပေဒစိုုးမိုုးေရးအတြက္ ပြင့္လင္းျမင္သာမႈ၊ တရားမ ွ်တမႈႏွင့္ လြတ္လပ္မႈရွိေသာ ေျဖရွင္းဆံုုးျဖတ္သည့္ လုုပ္ငန္းစဥ္မ်ား ထူေထာင္ရန္။ • ႏိုုင္ငံေတာ္၏ စီးပြားေရး ညီညြတ္မွ်တစြာ ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးတိုုးတက္ေစေရးအတြက္ ေျမအရင္းအျမစ္ အား အေျခခံေသာ ရင္းႏွီးျမႈပ္ႏွံမႈမ်ားကိုု တာ၀န္ယူမႈ၊ တာ၀န္ခံမႈ မ်ားျဖင့္ ျမွင့္တင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ရန္။ • အထက္ပါေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈမူ၀ါဒ ရည္မွန္းခ်က္မ်ားအား အေကာင္အထည္ေဖာ္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ ႏိုုင္ေရးအတြက္ အမ်ိဳးသားေျမဥပေဒကိုု ျပဌာန္းရန္။
  • 7. L A N D C O R E G R O U P National Land Use Policy Framework • ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ စီမံခန္႔ခြဲျခင္း • စီမံကိန္းေရးဆြဲျခင္းႏွင့္ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ ေျပာင္းလဲျခင္း • အစိုုးရက စီမံခန္႔ခြဲပိုုင္ခြင့္ရွိေသာေျမမ်ားကိုု လုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္ ျပဳျခင္းႏွင့္ ဌွားရမ္းျခင္း • ေျမသိမ္းဆည္းျခင္း၊ျပန္လည္ေနရာခ်ထား ျခင္း၊ ေလ်ာ္ ေၾကး ေပးျခင္း၊ ျပန္လည္ထူေထာင္ျခင္း၊ ျပန္လည္အစားထိုုး ျဖည့္ဆည္းေပးျခင္း ဆုုိင္ရာ လုုပ္ထံုုးလုုပ္နည္းမ်ား • ေျမႏွင့္သက္ဆိုုင္သည့္ အျငင္းပြားမႈမ်ား ေျဖရွင္းဆံုုးျဖတ္ ျခင္းႏွင့္ အယူခံျခင္း • ေျမႏွင့္ဆက္စပ္သည့္ အခြန္အခမ်ား စည္းၾကပ္ေကာက္ခံ ျခင္း၊ ေျမယာလႊဲေျပာင္းခႏွင့္ ထိုုက္သင့္ေသာ တံဆပ္ေခါင္းခြန္ကိစၥရပ္ မ်ား • တိုုင္းရင္းသားလူမ်ိဳးမ်ား၏ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ အခြင့္အေရးမ်ား • အမ်ိဳးသားအမ်ိဳးသမီးမ်ား၏တန္းတူညီမ ွ်အခြင့္ အေရးမ်ား • ဥပေဒမ်ား သဟဇာတျဖစ္ေစျခင္းႏွင့္ ဥပေဒအသစ္ ျပဌာန္းျခင္း • ေစာင့္ၾကည့္ေလ့လာျခင္းႏွင့္ အကဲျဖတ္ျခင္း • သုုေတသနျပဳျခင္းႏွင့္ ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးတိုုးတက္ေစျခင္း
  • 8. L A N D C O R E G R O U P Land Use Planning and Zoning • ခရိုုင္အဆင့္ကိုု မ႑ိဳင္ထား၍ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ စီမံကိန္းမ်ားကိုု ေရးဆြဲ • ျပည့္စံုုမွန္ကန္ေသာ သတင္းအခ်က္အလက္မ်ားအေပၚ အေျခခံရန္ • ေက်းရြာအဆင့္ျပည္သူမ်ားကိုုယ္တိုုင္ပါ၀င္ ေရးဆြဲေစ၊ မွတ္ပံုုတင္ထားသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ မထားသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ ကာလၾကာရွည္စြာ အသံုုးျပဳေနသည့္ ေျမလုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္မ်ားကိုု အသိအမွတ္ျပဳ • ပြင့္လင္းျမင္သာသည့္ လုုပ္ငန္းစဥ္တြင္ ျပည္သူမ်ားကိုု ၾကိဳတင္အသိေပးျခင္း၊ ေဆြးေႏြးတိုုင္ပင္ညွိႏိႈင္းျခင္းႏွင့္ ပါ၀င္ဆံုုးျဖတ္ေစျခင္းမ်ားျဖင့္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ရန္ • ဇံုု ၆ မ်ိဳး ခြဲျခားရန္ (ျမိဳ႕ျပႏွင့္ ေက်းလက္ဖြံ႕ျဖိဳးေရးဇုုန္၊ စိုုက္ပ်ိဳးေရးဇံုု၊ ေမြးျမဴေရးႏွင့္ ေရလုုပ္ငန္းဇံုု၊ သစ္ေတာဇုုန္စသည္ျဖင့္)
  • 9. L A N D C O R E G R O U P Changing Land Uses • ခြင့္ျပဳရန္သင့္မသင့္ စဥ္းစားရာတြင္ သက္ဆိုုင္ရာ နယ္ေျမႏွင့္ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ရွိ ေျမအသံုုးခ်လ်က္ရွိသူမ်ား၏ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈ အခြင့္အေရးမ်ားအား ကာကြယ္ႏိုုင္ေရးအတြက္ ေလ်ာက္ထားခ်က္ကိုု အမ်ားျပည္သူသိုု႔ အသိေပးခ်ျပျခင္း၊ ၾကိဳတင္ႏိုု႔တစ္ေပးျခင္းႏွင့္ အယူခံခြင့္ေပးျခင္းဆိုုင္ရာ လုုပ္ငန္းစဥ္မ်ားကိုု သတ္မွတ္ရန္ • အက်ိဳးထိခိုုက္မႈမ်ားအား အကာအကြယ္ေပးႏိုုင္ေရး ေဆာင္ရြက္ခ်က္တစ္ခ်ိဳ႕ – သတင္းအခ်က္အလက္မွန္ကန္မႈ စိစစ္အတည္ျပဳ – ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ဆိုုင္ရာစိစစ္မႈႏွင့္ လူမႈေရးအက်ိဳးသက္ေရာက္မႈဆိုုင္ရာ ဆန္းစစ္ခ်က္မ်ား အျပီးသတ္ေဆာင္ရြက္ – အလွည့္က်အနားေပးေတာင္ယာမ်ားႏွင့္ မိရိုုးဖလာနည္းျဖင့္ စိုုက္ပ်ိဳးသည့္ ေျမမ်ားကိုု အကာအကြယ္ ျပဳ – သဘာ၀အရင္းအျမစ္မ်ားႏွင့္ ေဂဟစနစ္ကိုု အကာအကြယ္ေပး
  • 10. L A N D C O R E G R O U P Grant and Lease of Land at the Disposal of Government • FPIC အက်ိဳးသက္ဆိုုင္သူမ်ားကိုု ၾကိဳတင္အေၾကာင္းၾကားျခင္း၊ သေဘာဆႏၵ ရယူျခင္း၊ ပတ္၀န္းက်င္ဆိုုင္ရာ စိစစ္မႈႏွင့္ လူမႈေရးအက်ိဳးသက္ေရာက္မႈ ဆန္းစစ္ျခင္း (ESIA) မ်ားကိုု သက္ဆိုုင္ရာ ဥပေဒႏွင့္အညီ ေဆာင္ရြက္ရမည္။ ထိုုသိုု႔ေဆာင္ရြက္ေနစဥ္အတြင္း လုုပ္ပိုုင္ခြင့္ျပဳျခင္းႏွင့္ ငွားရမ္းျခင္းတိုု႔ကိုု ေခတၱဆိုုင္းငံ့ထားရမည္။ • ႏိုုင္ငံေတာ္အက်ိဳးငွာ ျဖစ္ပါက ေစ့စပ္ညွိႏိႈင္းျခင္းနည္းလမ္းျဖင့္ ပူးေပါင္းပါ၀င္ေစရန္ စည္းရံုုးေဆာင္ရြက္ရမည္။ • ပုုဂၢလိက စီးပြားေရးကိစၥျဖစ္ပါက ေျပာင္းေရႊ႕ရမည့္ အက်ိဳးသက္ဆိုုင္သူမ်ား၏ ဆႏၵကိုု ဦးစားေပးရမည္။ အက်ိဳးသက္ဆိုုင္သူမ်ား၏ ဆႏၵအရ ေနရာေျပာင္းေရ႔ႊရန္ မျဖစ္ႏိုုင္ပါက စီမံခ်က္ဒီဇိုုင္းကိုု ေျပာင္းလဲ၊ ျပင္ဆင္၊ ေရးဆြဲက်င့္သံုုးႏိုုင္သည့္ နည္းလမ္းကိုု ရွာေဖြရမည္။
  • 11. L A N D C O R E G R O U P Land Rights of Ethnic Nationalities • တိုုင္းရင္းသားရိုုးရာေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈအခြင့္အေရးမ်ားကိုုမွတ္ပံုုတင္ႏိုုင္ရန္တည္ဆဲဥပေဒ မ်ားတြင္ ျပဌာန္းေပးရမည္။ • လက္ရွိမွတ္တမ္းႏွင့္ေျမပံုုတြင္ ပါသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ မပါသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ မွတ္ပံုုတင္ထားသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ မထားသည္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ အသိအမွတ္ျပဳ အကာအကြယ္ေပးရန္ • သစ္ေတာေျမ၊လယ္ယာေျမႏွင့္ေျမလြတ္ေျမေျမရိုုင္းမ်ားတြင္ပါ၀င္ေနေသာတိုုင္းရင္း သားမ်ား၏ ေျမအသံုုးခ်မႈကိုု အမ်ိဳးသားဥပေဒသစ္ႏွင့္အညီ အမ်ိဳးအစားျပန္လည္သတ္မွတ္ရမည္။ • စိုုက္ပ်ိဳးေျမ(သိုု႔)သစ္ေတာေျမအျဖစ္သတ္မွတ္ထားေသာေျမေပၚရွိအလွည့္က်အနား ေပး ေတာင္ယာေျမ မ်ားကိုု မွတ္ပံုုတင္ႏိုုင္ရန္ အမ်ိဳးသားေျမဥပေဒအသစ္တြင္ ျပဌာန္းရမည္။
  • 12. L A N D C O R E G R O U P Implications • ေျမအသံုးျပဳမႉ (How land is allocated and acquired for tourism investments) • သဘာ၀သယံဇာတပိုင္ဆိုင္မႉအေပၚသက္ေရာက္မႉ (How tourism impact on different resource tenure systems of people) • ထိခိုက္လြယ္ျပည္သူမ်ား (လုပ္ကြက္ငယ္ေတာင္သူမ်ား၊ ေျမမဲ႔ယာမဲ႔မ်ား၊အမ်ိဳးသမီးမ်ား)၏အသက္ေမြး၀မ္းေက်ာင္း ႏွင့္စီးပြားေရး အခြင့္အလမ္းမ်ားအေပၚသက္ေရာက္မႉ (How tourism impacts on livelihood security and economic opportunities of the poor and vulnerable groups)
  • 13. L A N D C O R E G R O U P Can tourism sector be a positive energy to improve land governance in Myanmar? ခရီးသြားက႑သည္ ေကာင္းမြန္ေသာ ေျမယာအုပ္ခ်ဳပ္မႉ အတြက္အက်ိဳးျဖစ္ထြန္းေစေသာ စြမ္းအားတစ္ခုျဖစ္နိုင္ပါသလား ?
  • 14. L A N D C O R E G R O U P အၾကံျပဳခ်က္မ်ား.... • Putting land and poverty issues in tourism agenda • Harmonization of tourism policy to other policy frameworks (e.g. national land policy) • Participatory planning and inclusive approaches – Destination level – Policy level