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Introduction:-
 The term developmental disorder or developmental disability means a severe, chronic disability of
an individual that is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination of mental and
physical impairment is manifested before the individual attains the age of 22 year which is likely to
continue identinitely and result in subsequential functional limitations in 3 or more areas of major life
activity.
Definition
 Global development delay is defined as delay in acquiring milestone into or more of the following
domains namely gross and find motor speech and language cognition social personal and activity
of daily living.
 Development delay is defined as failure to meet expected development and milestone in one or
more of the following areas physical social emotional intellectual speech and language or adaptive
development.
Developmental disorders are:-
 Autism spectrum disorders.
 Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.
 Development coordination disorder etc.
 Development deviance and dissociation.
 Learning disabilities.
 Communications disorders.
Development deviance and dissociation
 Deviance:- deviance is the acquisition of milestone in a sequence that is different from usual for
example,
 Children with cerebral palsiy may so early standing with support secondary to increase extension
tone this may also be seen in normally developing children Children may not cruel and directly start
walking from sitting and standing without support.
 Dissociation:- it is defined as the equili season of development and milestone in various domains at
different rate example isolated speech delay with normal development in other spares as in patients
with congenital hearing loss.
Etiology
 70% people with development disorder in develop countries:-
 1.Antenatal factor :- chromosomal disorder down syndrome cortical malformation intrauterine
infection , inborn error of metabolism.
 2. perinatal, neonatal:- hypotoxic encephalopathy, after meningitis or encephalitis, hypoglycemic
brain injury, hypothyroidism, after head trauma.
 3. Postnatal:- deficiency of vitamin b1
. - Iodine or b1, toxins (lead).
Clinical sing
 Seizures, vision abnormalities, hearing impairment, speech disorders, feeding problem, behavioral
problem, sleep disturbance, contracture, bed sores.
Diagnostic test
 Diagnostic test in evaluation of development delay:-
 Neuro imagine- specifically if abnormal head size and abnormalities on neurological examination.
 Metabolic test:- ammonia by carbonate lactate sugar blood urine test
 Genetic study:- development delay without a non case irrespective of dysmorphic features.
 Thyroid function test ( blood and urine laid micronutrients level ) indicated clinically.
 Electro physiological test:- where indicated electro encephalogram, visual evolve response brain
stem walk response audiometry nerve conduction studies and electromyography.
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Developmental disorders.pptx

  • 1. Introduction:-  The term developmental disorder or developmental disability means a severe, chronic disability of an individual that is attributable to a mental or physical impairment or combination of mental and physical impairment is manifested before the individual attains the age of 22 year which is likely to continue identinitely and result in subsequential functional limitations in 3 or more areas of major life activity.
  • 2. Definition  Global development delay is defined as delay in acquiring milestone into or more of the following domains namely gross and find motor speech and language cognition social personal and activity of daily living.  Development delay is defined as failure to meet expected development and milestone in one or more of the following areas physical social emotional intellectual speech and language or adaptive development.
  • 3. Developmental disorders are:-  Autism spectrum disorders.  Attention deficit hyperactivity disorders.  Development coordination disorder etc.  Development deviance and dissociation.  Learning disabilities.  Communications disorders.
  • 4. Development deviance and dissociation  Deviance:- deviance is the acquisition of milestone in a sequence that is different from usual for example,  Children with cerebral palsiy may so early standing with support secondary to increase extension tone this may also be seen in normally developing children Children may not cruel and directly start walking from sitting and standing without support.  Dissociation:- it is defined as the equili season of development and milestone in various domains at different rate example isolated speech delay with normal development in other spares as in patients with congenital hearing loss.
  • 5. Etiology  70% people with development disorder in develop countries:-  1.Antenatal factor :- chromosomal disorder down syndrome cortical malformation intrauterine infection , inborn error of metabolism.  2. perinatal, neonatal:- hypotoxic encephalopathy, after meningitis or encephalitis, hypoglycemic brain injury, hypothyroidism, after head trauma.  3. Postnatal:- deficiency of vitamin b1 . - Iodine or b1, toxins (lead).
  • 6. Clinical sing  Seizures, vision abnormalities, hearing impairment, speech disorders, feeding problem, behavioral problem, sleep disturbance, contracture, bed sores.
  • 7. Diagnostic test  Diagnostic test in evaluation of development delay:-  Neuro imagine- specifically if abnormal head size and abnormalities on neurological examination.  Metabolic test:- ammonia by carbonate lactate sugar blood urine test  Genetic study:- development delay without a non case irrespective of dysmorphic features.  Thyroid function test ( blood and urine laid micronutrients level ) indicated clinically.  Electro physiological test:- where indicated electro encephalogram, visual evolve response brain stem walk response audiometry nerve conduction studies and electromyography.