1) The document discusses Porter's 5 forces model of competition and its factors: threat of new entrants, bargaining power of buyers, bargaining power of suppliers, pressure from substitutes, and current category rivalry. 2) It also discusses marketing programs like advertisement, promotion, sales, and price to gain competitive advantage through business strategy, wide market approach, patented products, and wide manufacturing facilities. 3) Understanding customers is important to retain current customers, sell more to them, and acquire new customers, as customers are more aware, demanding, and less loyal, and only buy good feelings and solutions to problems.