Experience maps are used to visualize a user's journey with a product over time. They are created through various research methods like interviews and observations. The maps clearly outline user goals, usage, wants, needs and opportunities to improve the product. Key aspects of the user experience that are mapped include target users, engagement with the product, user flows over time, and influencers that affect satisfaction. Finally, the data is visualized in a map format using design elements like illustrations, color and layout to effectively convey insights about the user experience.