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DEPO YONETIMI
OTOMASYONU
Lojistik Optimizasyon Konferansi
30 Mart 2017 Istanbul
Arda SIRIN
Depo Yonetimini Belirleyen Faktorler
• Stoklanacak urunun:
– Turu
– Adedi
– Cesit sayisi
– Devir Hizi
• Sevk performans beklentisi
• Depo alan ve plani
• Iscilik Maliyeti
Depo Yonetiminde Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler
SKU- Stok Tutma Birimi:
Islem yapilmak istenen
en kucuk fiziksel birim
2 Ana Kaynak:
• Hacim (Alan)
• Adam-saat (Is Gucu)
Depo Operasyonlari ve Ortalama Maliyetleri
Urun Kabul Adresleme Toplama Sevkiyat
%10 %15 %55 %20
Depo Operasyonlari ve Ortalama Maliyetleri
Toplama Operasyonu:
Depo Operasyonlari ve Ortalama Maliyetleri
45%
25%
15%
10%
5%
Personel
Bina Kirasi
Bina Giderleri
Ekipman
IT
Tipik Bir Deponun Maliyet Kirilimi
Depo Yonetimi ve Urun Yapisi
Perakende Deposu Tipik sku Populerlik Grafigi
• Sku larin (urun
cesitliliginin) %20 i
toplam sevk
hacminin %80 sine
denk gelmekte.
• Talep planlanabilir
• Akis yonetimi
onemlidir.
• Adam-saat (is gucu)
tuketir
Cesitliligi AZ derinligi COK olan urunlerdir
I
Depo Yonetimi ve Urun Yapisi
Perakende Deposu Tipik sku Populerlik Grafigi
• Sku larin (urun
cesitliliginin) %80 i
toplam sevk
hacminin %20 sine
denk gelmekte.
• Planlamasi zor
• Hacim (yer) tuketir
Cesitliligi COK derinligi AZ olan urunlerdir
II
Depo Yonetimi ve Urun Yapisi
1 Depo Icinde 2 Farkli Depo
Is gucunu minimize et
Hacmi minimize et
I
II
Toplama Modelleri
• Men-to-Goods:
– Toplamaci stoklar arasinda dolasarak urunu toplar.
– Dolasma suresi ve dolayisiyla toplama suresi uzundur
– Is gucu gerektirir.
– Otomasyon yatirimi gerekli degildir.
• Goods-to-Men:
– Urun toplamaciya gelir
– Toplama sirasindaki dolasma suresini minimize
ederek; is gucu kazanci saglar
– Toplamayi hizlandirir
– Otomasyon yatirimi gerektirir.
Is gucunu minimize et (Goods-to-Men)
Hacmi minimize et (Men-to-Goods)
I
II
Toplama Modelleri
Depo Yonetimi ve Dizayni
• Toplama ve Stoklama Alanlarinin Ayrilmasi
• Toplama Alani:
• Toplanacak urunlerin kucuk bir alana yogunlastirarak sku’lar
arasindaki dolasma suresinin kisaltilmasini saglar.
• Hizli Sevkiyat
• Minimum Is Gucu
Depo Yonetimi ve Dizayni
• Toplama ve Stoklama Alanlarinin Ayrilmasi
• Stoklama Alani:
• Farkli skularin birarada depolanmasini saglayarak
stoklama alani verimliligini arttirir.
Stoklama Alanlari
• Drive-in Raflar:
– 10-11 m uzunluk
– Ortalama 6 palet
derinlik
– LIFO
– Derinlikli palet
skulari
– Reach truck
Stoklama Alanlari
• Push-back Raflar:
– Ortalama 3-5 palet
derinlik
– LIFO
– Derinlikli palet
skulari
– Reach truck
Stoklama Alanlari
• SD (Tek Derinlikli) Raflar:
– Tek palet derinlik
– FIFO
– Az derinlikli sku’lar
– Kapasite kullanim verimi:
95%
– Koridor Arasi 3,2 ~ 3,5
metre
– Reach Truck
Stoklama Alanlari
• DD (Cift Derinlikli) Raflar:
– 2 palet derinlik
– Ortalama 4 palet derinlikli sku’lar
– Kapasite Kullanim Verimi: 85%
– Koridor Arasi 3,2 ~ 3,5 metre
– Teleskopik / Makasli Reach Truck
Stoklama Alanlari
• Narrow-Aisle (Dar
Koridor)
– 1,8 metre koridor alani
– VNA truck
• Zemin duz olmasi gerekir
• Kablolu Kilavuz
• 4,5 metrelik manevra alani
– Kapasite kullanim verimi:
95%
Stoklama Alanlari
• Powered Mobile
– Raflar; zemindeki raylarin
uzerinde hareket edip
ekipman icin gerekli
koridor araligini
olusturmakta
– Yogun stoklama
– Genellikle Tek Palet
Derinlik
Stoklama Alanlari
• Palet Flow-rack
(Akis Raflari)
– FIFO
– 70% kapasite
kullanim orani
Stoklama Alanlari
• Palet ASRS (Otomatik
Stoklama ve Erisim
Sistemi)
– 45m uzunluga kadar
cikabilir
– Koridor aralari 1,5 m
• Tek Derinlikli
• Cift Derinlikli
• Cok Derinlikli (10 pallet)
– Saatlik Ortalama Hiz (Cift
Derinlikli):20
palet/koridor
– Kapasite kullanim verimi:
Stoklama Alanlari
• Miniload ASRS
– Palet ASRS den tek farki
• Koli
• Sepet ellecleyebilmesidir
– Saatlik Ortalama Hiz:
100 koli/koridor
Stoklama Alanlari
Stoklama Alanlari
5: En Iyi 1: En Kotu
Toplama Alanlari
• Yuksek Katli Raflarin Zemini
16 koli / palet
3 dk / palet 16 Koli * 1 dk/koli = 16 dk
16 Koli * 2 dk /koli = 32 dk
Toplam Sure : 19 dk
Toplam Sure : 32 dk
Toplama Alanlari
• Yuksek Katli Raflarin Zemini
Toplama Alanlari
• Yuksek Katli Raflarin Zemini
– Toplama tuneli
Toplama Alanlari
• Koli Flow-racks
– Ortalama Toplama Hizi: 450 adet / saat
Toplama Alanlari
• Carousel-Dikey
– 12 metre yukseklige kadar
cikabilir.
– Iklimlendirilebilinir
– Yuksek Guvenliklidir
Toplama Alanlari
• Carousel-Yatay
– Alcak depo alanlari icin
dusunulebilinir
– Dikeye gore daha buyuk
urunler icin kullanilabilinir
– Enerji tuketimi fazla
Toplama Alanlari
• Shuttle
– 30 metre yukselik ve 100 metre uzunluga kadar
– Saatlik Ortalama Hiz: 600 koli/koridor
– Giris ve Cikis Noktalarinda Asansor (lift) bulunur
– Yatirim maliyeti mini-load un 1,5 / 2 kati
Toplama Alanlari
• Perfect Pick
• Saatlik Ortalama Hiz: 1,000
koli/koridor
Toplama Tipleri
• Siparis Bazli Toplama (Pick-to-Order)
• Toplayici her siparisi ayri ayri toplar
• Cesidin az, derinligin cok oldugu durumlar icin daha verimli
olabilir.
• Ortalama siparis karsilama suresi hizlidir
• Toplu Toplama (Batch Picking)
• Birden fazla siparisin ayni anda toplanmasi
• Cesidin cok, derinligin az oldugu durumlarda daha verimli olabilir
• Toplama bittikten sonra, siparis bazli ayristirma gerektirir.
Toplama Yontemleri
• Kagit Toplama Listesi
• Toplanacak skularin adetleri, adresleri kagit cikti olarak alinir.
• Stok bozukluklari kagit uzerine not edilir.
• Insan hatasina oldukca aciktir.
• El Terminali
• Toplamaci, sku adedi ve adreslerini el terminali uzerinden alir.
• Sistem ve fiziksel stoklar gercek zamanli guncellenir.
Toplama Yontemleri
• Pick-by-Light
Toplama Yontemleri
• Pick-by-Voice
Toplama Yontemleri
Sortation – Siparis Bazli Ayristirma
• Shoe Sorter:
– Duzgun sekil ve sertlik de olan urunler icin (koli ve plastik
sepet)
– Ortalama Ayristirma Hizi: 4,000 adet/saat
Sortation – Siparis Bazli Ayristirma
• Bomb-bay Sorter:
– Dikey dususe uygun daha kucuk urunler
– Ortalama Ayristirma Hizi: 6,000 adet/saat
Sortation – Siparis Bazli Ayristirma
• Tilt-tray Sorter:
– Tabani yapiskan olmayan, cesitli ebatlarda urunler icin
uygun
– Urun Agirligi onemli bir kriter
– Ortalama Ayristirma Hizi: 10,000-15,000 adet/saat
Sortation – Siparis Bazli Ayristirma
• Cross-Belt Sorter:
– Hareket yonune 90 derece olacak sekilde konumlandirilmis
birbirinden bagimsiz hareket eden kayis tasiyicilardan
olusur.
– Degisik urun agirlik ve sekline en esnek ayristirma sistemidir
– Ortalama Ayristirma Hizi: 10,000-15,000 adet/saat
Tavsiye Edilen Kaynaklar
• “The Handbook of Logistics & Distribution
Management.” 4th Edition. Alan Rushton, Phil C.,
Peter B. The Chartered Institute of Logistics and
Transport (UK)
• “Warehouse & Distribution Science” J.J.
Bartholdi, S.T. Hackman. The Supply Chain &
Logistics Institute, Georgia Institute of
Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA
• “Warehouse Management. Automation and
Organization of Warehouse and Order Picking
System” Michael ten Hompel. T. Schmidt.
• www.dcvelocity.com
Iletisim
• https://www.linkedin.com/in/arda-sirin-80abbb2a/
• bardasirin@gmail.com
DEPO YONETIMI
OTOMASYONU
Lojistik Optimizasyon Konferansi
30 Mart 2017 Istanbul
Arda SIRIN

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Depo Otomasyon Sistemleri 101

  • 1. DEPO YONETIMI OTOMASYONU Lojistik Optimizasyon Konferansi 30 Mart 2017 Istanbul Arda SIRIN
  • 2. Depo Yonetimini Belirleyen Faktorler • Stoklanacak urunun: – Turu – Adedi – Cesit sayisi – Devir Hizi • Sevk performans beklentisi • Depo alan ve plani • Iscilik Maliyeti
  • 3. Depo Yonetiminde Dikkat Edilmesi Gerekenler SKU- Stok Tutma Birimi: Islem yapilmak istenen en kucuk fiziksel birim 2 Ana Kaynak: • Hacim (Alan) • Adam-saat (Is Gucu)
  • 4. Depo Operasyonlari ve Ortalama Maliyetleri Urun Kabul Adresleme Toplama Sevkiyat %10 %15 %55 %20
  • 5. Depo Operasyonlari ve Ortalama Maliyetleri Toplama Operasyonu:
  • 6. Depo Operasyonlari ve Ortalama Maliyetleri 45% 25% 15% 10% 5% Personel Bina Kirasi Bina Giderleri Ekipman IT Tipik Bir Deponun Maliyet Kirilimi
  • 7. Depo Yonetimi ve Urun Yapisi Perakende Deposu Tipik sku Populerlik Grafigi • Sku larin (urun cesitliliginin) %20 i toplam sevk hacminin %80 sine denk gelmekte. • Talep planlanabilir • Akis yonetimi onemlidir. • Adam-saat (is gucu) tuketir Cesitliligi AZ derinligi COK olan urunlerdir I
  • 8. Depo Yonetimi ve Urun Yapisi Perakende Deposu Tipik sku Populerlik Grafigi • Sku larin (urun cesitliliginin) %80 i toplam sevk hacminin %20 sine denk gelmekte. • Planlamasi zor • Hacim (yer) tuketir Cesitliligi COK derinligi AZ olan urunlerdir II
  • 9. Depo Yonetimi ve Urun Yapisi 1 Depo Icinde 2 Farkli Depo Is gucunu minimize et Hacmi minimize et I II
  • 10. Toplama Modelleri • Men-to-Goods: – Toplamaci stoklar arasinda dolasarak urunu toplar. – Dolasma suresi ve dolayisiyla toplama suresi uzundur – Is gucu gerektirir. – Otomasyon yatirimi gerekli degildir. • Goods-to-Men: – Urun toplamaciya gelir – Toplama sirasindaki dolasma suresini minimize ederek; is gucu kazanci saglar – Toplamayi hizlandirir – Otomasyon yatirimi gerektirir.
  • 11. Is gucunu minimize et (Goods-to-Men) Hacmi minimize et (Men-to-Goods) I II Toplama Modelleri
  • 12. Depo Yonetimi ve Dizayni • Toplama ve Stoklama Alanlarinin Ayrilmasi • Toplama Alani: • Toplanacak urunlerin kucuk bir alana yogunlastirarak sku’lar arasindaki dolasma suresinin kisaltilmasini saglar. • Hizli Sevkiyat • Minimum Is Gucu
  • 13. Depo Yonetimi ve Dizayni • Toplama ve Stoklama Alanlarinin Ayrilmasi • Stoklama Alani: • Farkli skularin birarada depolanmasini saglayarak stoklama alani verimliligini arttirir.
  • 14. Stoklama Alanlari • Drive-in Raflar: – 10-11 m uzunluk – Ortalama 6 palet derinlik – LIFO – Derinlikli palet skulari – Reach truck
  • 15. Stoklama Alanlari • Push-back Raflar: – Ortalama 3-5 palet derinlik – LIFO – Derinlikli palet skulari – Reach truck
  • 16. Stoklama Alanlari • SD (Tek Derinlikli) Raflar: – Tek palet derinlik – FIFO – Az derinlikli sku’lar – Kapasite kullanim verimi: 95% – Koridor Arasi 3,2 ~ 3,5 metre – Reach Truck
  • 17. Stoklama Alanlari • DD (Cift Derinlikli) Raflar: – 2 palet derinlik – Ortalama 4 palet derinlikli sku’lar – Kapasite Kullanim Verimi: 85% – Koridor Arasi 3,2 ~ 3,5 metre – Teleskopik / Makasli Reach Truck
  • 18. Stoklama Alanlari • Narrow-Aisle (Dar Koridor) – 1,8 metre koridor alani – VNA truck • Zemin duz olmasi gerekir • Kablolu Kilavuz • 4,5 metrelik manevra alani – Kapasite kullanim verimi: 95%
  • 19. Stoklama Alanlari • Powered Mobile – Raflar; zemindeki raylarin uzerinde hareket edip ekipman icin gerekli koridor araligini olusturmakta – Yogun stoklama – Genellikle Tek Palet Derinlik
  • 20. Stoklama Alanlari • Palet Flow-rack (Akis Raflari) – FIFO – 70% kapasite kullanim orani
  • 21. Stoklama Alanlari • Palet ASRS (Otomatik Stoklama ve Erisim Sistemi) – 45m uzunluga kadar cikabilir – Koridor aralari 1,5 m • Tek Derinlikli • Cift Derinlikli • Cok Derinlikli (10 pallet) – Saatlik Ortalama Hiz (Cift Derinlikli):20 palet/koridor – Kapasite kullanim verimi:
  • 22. Stoklama Alanlari • Miniload ASRS – Palet ASRS den tek farki • Koli • Sepet ellecleyebilmesidir – Saatlik Ortalama Hiz: 100 koli/koridor
  • 24. Stoklama Alanlari 5: En Iyi 1: En Kotu
  • 25. Toplama Alanlari • Yuksek Katli Raflarin Zemini 16 koli / palet 3 dk / palet 16 Koli * 1 dk/koli = 16 dk 16 Koli * 2 dk /koli = 32 dk Toplam Sure : 19 dk Toplam Sure : 32 dk
  • 26. Toplama Alanlari • Yuksek Katli Raflarin Zemini
  • 27. Toplama Alanlari • Yuksek Katli Raflarin Zemini – Toplama tuneli
  • 28. Toplama Alanlari • Koli Flow-racks – Ortalama Toplama Hizi: 450 adet / saat
  • 29. Toplama Alanlari • Carousel-Dikey – 12 metre yukseklige kadar cikabilir. – Iklimlendirilebilinir – Yuksek Guvenliklidir
  • 30. Toplama Alanlari • Carousel-Yatay – Alcak depo alanlari icin dusunulebilinir – Dikeye gore daha buyuk urunler icin kullanilabilinir – Enerji tuketimi fazla
  • 31. Toplama Alanlari • Shuttle – 30 metre yukselik ve 100 metre uzunluga kadar – Saatlik Ortalama Hiz: 600 koli/koridor – Giris ve Cikis Noktalarinda Asansor (lift) bulunur – Yatirim maliyeti mini-load un 1,5 / 2 kati
  • 32. Toplama Alanlari • Perfect Pick • Saatlik Ortalama Hiz: 1,000 koli/koridor
  • 33. Toplama Tipleri • Siparis Bazli Toplama (Pick-to-Order) • Toplayici her siparisi ayri ayri toplar • Cesidin az, derinligin cok oldugu durumlar icin daha verimli olabilir. • Ortalama siparis karsilama suresi hizlidir • Toplu Toplama (Batch Picking) • Birden fazla siparisin ayni anda toplanmasi • Cesidin cok, derinligin az oldugu durumlarda daha verimli olabilir • Toplama bittikten sonra, siparis bazli ayristirma gerektirir.
  • 34. Toplama Yontemleri • Kagit Toplama Listesi • Toplanacak skularin adetleri, adresleri kagit cikti olarak alinir. • Stok bozukluklari kagit uzerine not edilir. • Insan hatasina oldukca aciktir. • El Terminali • Toplamaci, sku adedi ve adreslerini el terminali uzerinden alir. • Sistem ve fiziksel stoklar gercek zamanli guncellenir.
  • 38. Sortation – Siparis Bazli Ayristirma • Shoe Sorter: – Duzgun sekil ve sertlik de olan urunler icin (koli ve plastik sepet) – Ortalama Ayristirma Hizi: 4,000 adet/saat
  • 39. Sortation – Siparis Bazli Ayristirma • Bomb-bay Sorter: – Dikey dususe uygun daha kucuk urunler – Ortalama Ayristirma Hizi: 6,000 adet/saat
  • 40. Sortation – Siparis Bazli Ayristirma • Tilt-tray Sorter: – Tabani yapiskan olmayan, cesitli ebatlarda urunler icin uygun – Urun Agirligi onemli bir kriter – Ortalama Ayristirma Hizi: 10,000-15,000 adet/saat
  • 41. Sortation – Siparis Bazli Ayristirma • Cross-Belt Sorter: – Hareket yonune 90 derece olacak sekilde konumlandirilmis birbirinden bagimsiz hareket eden kayis tasiyicilardan olusur. – Degisik urun agirlik ve sekline en esnek ayristirma sistemidir – Ortalama Ayristirma Hizi: 10,000-15,000 adet/saat
  • 42. Tavsiye Edilen Kaynaklar • “The Handbook of Logistics & Distribution Management.” 4th Edition. Alan Rushton, Phil C., Peter B. The Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport (UK) • “Warehouse & Distribution Science” J.J. Bartholdi, S.T. Hackman. The Supply Chain & Logistics Institute, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA • “Warehouse Management. Automation and Organization of Warehouse and Order Picking System” Michael ten Hompel. T. Schmidt. • www.dcvelocity.com
  • 44. DEPO YONETIMI OTOMASYONU Lojistik Optimizasyon Konferansi 30 Mart 2017 Istanbul Arda SIRIN

Editor's Notes

  1. These figures demonstrate the importance of the effective use of both building space and staff in the design and operation of warehouses.
  2. Palet ustu agirlik onemli Dayanikli palet kullanmak gerekir
  3. Drive-in e gore sku derinligi daha esnek olabilir.
  4. In order to minimize the extension in front of the forward wheels, it is normal for the ground pallet position to be raised onto a beam (rather than the ground pallet sitting on the floor as with single-deep racking). This enables the front wheels of the reach truck to move under first pallet and thus be nearer to the back pallet positions. A potential disadvantage of having to place an additional beam at low height is that this may result in a warehouse building only being able to accommodate one pallet height less than single-deep racking.
  5. Pionereed by Knapp
  6. Pionereed by OPEX
  7. 2 elle toplama yapilabildiginden hizlidir
  8. 2 elle toplama yapilabildiginden hizlidir
  9. Ayrim sayisi 50 ve ustu ise otomasyon dusunulebilinir
  10. Bombay-sorterlarda da tilt-tray mekanizmasi var
  11. Bombay-sorterlarda da tilt-tray mekanizmasi var