The document discusses DNSSEC and how Cloudflare implements it at scale. It covers how Cloudflare uses Elliptic Curve cryptography to keep DNSSEC signatures small, allowing it to mitigate DNS amplification attacks. It also describes how Cloudflare generates negative DNS responses for non-existent domains using NSEC records while remaining efficient at very large query volumes.
This talk was given at BSides Augusta 2016. It was conducted by @real_slacker007 of CyberSyndicates.com; The creators of Mercenary-Linux. This slideshow covers numerous vulnerabilities within the DNS protocol and the methods used to exploit them. In addition to vulnerabilities and attacks, it also displays several IOC's that can be used to signature the attacks.
A talk about TCP, UDP, IP, DNS, ISP, GET, URI, URN, URL, SSL, TLS, TTFB, HTTP/2, HTML and DOM, or, in translation, a talk about the internet, how requests travel through the network and how browsers handle the response.
This has been originally presented during BrightonSEO - Summer 2021.
How to optimise TTFB - BrightonSEO 2020Roxana Stingu
Learn what TTFB is, how to measure it and how to improve it.
Measure using: Chrome developer tools, webpagetest.org, Google Analytics, Sucuri or KeyCDN.
Network timings that go into TTFB measurement:
- Queuing
- Stalled/Blocking
- DNS Lookup
- Initial Connection
- SSL
- Request Sent
- Waiting (TTFB)
- Content Download
DNSSEC: What a Registrar Needs to Know (Part 2)laurenrprice
This presentation covers a "crib sheet" authored by Shinkuro, Inc. that walks a registrar through the operational considerations when implementing DNSSEC. We also had the pleasure of hearing from Dyn, Inc. an ICANN accredited registrar who shared lessons learned from their work and testing in DNSSEC.
Performance Wins with BPF: Getting StartedBrendan Gregg
Keynote by Brendan Gregg for the eBPF summit, 2020. How to get started finding performance wins using the BPF (eBPF) technology. This short talk covers the quickest and easiest way to find performance wins using BPF observability tools on Linux.
This talk was given at BSides Augusta 2016. It was conducted by @real_slacker007 of CyberSyndicates.com; The creators of Mercenary-Linux. This slideshow covers numerous vulnerabilities within the DNS protocol and the methods used to exploit them. In addition to vulnerabilities and attacks, it also displays several IOC's that can be used to signature the attacks.
A talk about TCP, UDP, IP, DNS, ISP, GET, URI, URN, URL, SSL, TLS, TTFB, HTTP/2, HTML and DOM, or, in translation, a talk about the internet, how requests travel through the network and how browsers handle the response.
This has been originally presented during BrightonSEO - Summer 2021.
How to optimise TTFB - BrightonSEO 2020Roxana Stingu
Learn what TTFB is, how to measure it and how to improve it.
Measure using: Chrome developer tools, webpagetest.org, Google Analytics, Sucuri or KeyCDN.
Network timings that go into TTFB measurement:
- Queuing
- Stalled/Blocking
- DNS Lookup
- Initial Connection
- SSL
- Request Sent
- Waiting (TTFB)
- Content Download
DNSSEC: What a Registrar Needs to Know (Part 2)laurenrprice
This presentation covers a "crib sheet" authored by Shinkuro, Inc. that walks a registrar through the operational considerations when implementing DNSSEC. We also had the pleasure of hearing from Dyn, Inc. an ICANN accredited registrar who shared lessons learned from their work and testing in DNSSEC.
Performance Wins with BPF: Getting StartedBrendan Gregg
Keynote by Brendan Gregg for the eBPF summit, 2020. How to get started finding performance wins using the BPF (eBPF) technology. This short talk covers the quickest and easiest way to find performance wins using BPF observability tools on Linux.
Smart contracts and NFTs call for a revised approach to store data. In these slides, 3 options for distributed and fault-tolerant data storage are presented:
IPFS
Filecoin
Arweave
Distributed tracing is still finding its footing in many organizations today, one challenge to overcome is the data volume - keeping 100% of your traces is expensive and unnecessary. Enter sampling - head vs tail how do you decide? Let’s review the tradeoffs associated with different types of sampling strategies and how they can be mixed and matched.
A talk on Data Science in Piano, contains the following:
1. Tips on how to make sure your data are analysis-friendly
2. A short introduction into how to do data science with a for loop (partially stolen from https://goo.gl/wHwZKv)
3. A brief look on output evolution for paywall health check for our clients (publishers)
4. A sneak peek into challenges we face currently
An indepth look at Google BigQuery Architecture by Felipe Hoffa of GoogleData Con LA
Abstract:- Come learn about Google BigQuery and its underlying architecture. Felipe will go over the evolution of BigQuery and explain some of the underlying principles of BigQuery and Dremel. Felipe will also go over some of the latest use cases and will demo a use case of Google BigQuery
Bio:-
Felipe Hoffa moved from Chile to San Francisco to join Google as a Software Engineer. Since 2013 he's been a Developer Advocate on big data - to inspire developers around the world to leverage the Google Cloud Platform tools to analyze and understand their data in ways they could never before. You can find him in several YouTube videos, blog posts, and conferences around the world.
Follow Felipe at https://twitter.com/felipehoffa.
Noah Zoschke took to the Waza 2013 stage to present "Heroku Secrets". For more from Zoschke, ping him at @nzoschke. For more on Waza visit http://waza.heroku.com/2013.
For Waza videos stay tuned at http://blog.heroku.com or visit http://vimeo.com/herokuwaza
Detecting Malicious Websites using Machine LearningAndrew Beard
We present a set of newly tuned algorithms that can distinguish between malicious and non-malicious websites with a high degree of accuracy using Machine Learning (ML). We use the Bro IDS/IPS tool for extracting the SSL certificates from network traffic and training the ML algorithms.
The extracted SSL attributes are then loaded into multiple ML frameworks such as Splunk, AWS ML and we run a series of classification algorithms to identify those attributes that correlate with malicious sites.
Our analysis shows that there are a number of emerging patterns that even allow for identification of high-jacked devices and self-signed certificates. We present the results of our analysis which show which attributes are the most relevant for detecting malicious SSL certificates and as well the performance of the ML algorithms.
Engineering HTML5 Applications for Better PerformanceSC5.io
One second page loads, 100ms UI response time and 60fps animations - even if today's browsers are super fast, meeting these performance goals can be tricky, particularly for mobile browsers.
This presentation outlines some tools & techniques to help to design web apps with performance in mind.
Presentation by Andrew Nagy at Code4Lib 2007 in Athens, GA.
Villanova University’s Falvey Memorial Library has longed for a beautiful pig; however, we determined in early 2006 that pigs were only good at searching for truffles, so we decided to build our own OPAC.
After developing our own custom Digital Library from a Native XML Database, we quickly appreciated the ease of development with XQuery and XSLT. We then launched full speed ahead into the development of a new OPAC from scratch using XML technologies and MARCXML.
This presentation will describe the process of choosing an NXDB and optimizing it for large data set performance. Developing searches that take about 2 minutes to process and optimizing them down to about 2 seconds. I will also describe the development processes of the OPAC interface including the AJAX features we have implemented. I will share our success stories and our failures.
Quantum computing takes a giant leap forward from today’s technology—one that will forever alter our economic, industrial, academic, and societal landscape. This has massive implications for your customers in any industry including healthcare, energy, environmental systems, smart materials, and more. Learn how Microsoft is taking a unique revolutionary approach to quantum and how your customers can get started developing quantum solutions with the Quantum Development Kit.
The DNSSEC key signing key (or KSK) of the DNS root zone will be changed in the summer of 2017. During the time between July and October, all DNSSEC validating resolver need to get the new key material.
In this webinar we explain the KSK roll, how DNS resolver will load the new KSK with the RFC 5011 protocol and how a DNS administrator can verify that the new KSK is present in the resolvers configuration.
Introduces important facts and tools to help you get starting with performance improvement.
Learn to monitor and analyze important metrics, then you can start digging and improving.
Includes useful munin probes, predefined SQL queries to investigate your database's performance, and a top 5 of the most common performance problems in custom Apps.
By Olivier Dony - Lead Developer & Community Manager, OpenERP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Smart contracts and NFTs call for a revised approach to store data. In these slides, 3 options for distributed and fault-tolerant data storage are presented:
IPFS
Filecoin
Arweave
Distributed tracing is still finding its footing in many organizations today, one challenge to overcome is the data volume - keeping 100% of your traces is expensive and unnecessary. Enter sampling - head vs tail how do you decide? Let’s review the tradeoffs associated with different types of sampling strategies and how they can be mixed and matched.
A talk on Data Science in Piano, contains the following:
1. Tips on how to make sure your data are analysis-friendly
2. A short introduction into how to do data science with a for loop (partially stolen from https://goo.gl/wHwZKv)
3. A brief look on output evolution for paywall health check for our clients (publishers)
4. A sneak peek into challenges we face currently
An indepth look at Google BigQuery Architecture by Felipe Hoffa of GoogleData Con LA
Abstract:- Come learn about Google BigQuery and its underlying architecture. Felipe will go over the evolution of BigQuery and explain some of the underlying principles of BigQuery and Dremel. Felipe will also go over some of the latest use cases and will demo a use case of Google BigQuery
Bio:-
Felipe Hoffa moved from Chile to San Francisco to join Google as a Software Engineer. Since 2013 he's been a Developer Advocate on big data - to inspire developers around the world to leverage the Google Cloud Platform tools to analyze and understand their data in ways they could never before. You can find him in several YouTube videos, blog posts, and conferences around the world.
Follow Felipe at https://twitter.com/felipehoffa.
Noah Zoschke took to the Waza 2013 stage to present "Heroku Secrets". For more from Zoschke, ping him at @nzoschke. For more on Waza visit http://waza.heroku.com/2013.
For Waza videos stay tuned at http://blog.heroku.com or visit http://vimeo.com/herokuwaza
Detecting Malicious Websites using Machine LearningAndrew Beard
We present a set of newly tuned algorithms that can distinguish between malicious and non-malicious websites with a high degree of accuracy using Machine Learning (ML). We use the Bro IDS/IPS tool for extracting the SSL certificates from network traffic and training the ML algorithms.
The extracted SSL attributes are then loaded into multiple ML frameworks such as Splunk, AWS ML and we run a series of classification algorithms to identify those attributes that correlate with malicious sites.
Our analysis shows that there are a number of emerging patterns that even allow for identification of high-jacked devices and self-signed certificates. We present the results of our analysis which show which attributes are the most relevant for detecting malicious SSL certificates and as well the performance of the ML algorithms.
Engineering HTML5 Applications for Better PerformanceSC5.io
One second page loads, 100ms UI response time and 60fps animations - even if today's browsers are super fast, meeting these performance goals can be tricky, particularly for mobile browsers.
This presentation outlines some tools & techniques to help to design web apps with performance in mind.
Presentation by Andrew Nagy at Code4Lib 2007 in Athens, GA.
Villanova University’s Falvey Memorial Library has longed for a beautiful pig; however, we determined in early 2006 that pigs were only good at searching for truffles, so we decided to build our own OPAC.
After developing our own custom Digital Library from a Native XML Database, we quickly appreciated the ease of development with XQuery and XSLT. We then launched full speed ahead into the development of a new OPAC from scratch using XML technologies and MARCXML.
This presentation will describe the process of choosing an NXDB and optimizing it for large data set performance. Developing searches that take about 2 minutes to process and optimizing them down to about 2 seconds. I will also describe the development processes of the OPAC interface including the AJAX features we have implemented. I will share our success stories and our failures.
Quantum computing takes a giant leap forward from today’s technology—one that will forever alter our economic, industrial, academic, and societal landscape. This has massive implications for your customers in any industry including healthcare, energy, environmental systems, smart materials, and more. Learn how Microsoft is taking a unique revolutionary approach to quantum and how your customers can get started developing quantum solutions with the Quantum Development Kit.
The DNSSEC key signing key (or KSK) of the DNS root zone will be changed in the summer of 2017. During the time between July and October, all DNSSEC validating resolver need to get the new key material.
In this webinar we explain the KSK roll, how DNS resolver will load the new KSK with the RFC 5011 protocol and how a DNS administrator can verify that the new KSK is present in the resolvers configuration.
Introduces important facts and tools to help you get starting with performance improvement.
Learn to monitor and analyze important metrics, then you can start digging and improving.
Includes useful munin probes, predefined SQL queries to investigate your database's performance, and a top 5 of the most common performance problems in custom Apps.
By Olivier Dony - Lead Developer & Community Manager, OpenERP
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Software Delivery At the Speed of AI: Inflectra Invests In AI-Powered QualityInflectra
In this insightful webinar, Inflectra explores how artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming software development and testing. Discover how AI-powered tools are revolutionizing every stage of the software development lifecycle (SDLC), from design and prototyping to testing, deployment, and monitoring.
Learn about:
• The Future of Testing: How AI is shifting testing towards verification, analysis, and higher-level skills, while reducing repetitive tasks.
• Test Automation: How AI-powered test case generation, optimization, and self-healing tests are making testing more efficient and effective.
• Visual Testing: Explore the emerging capabilities of AI in visual testing and how it's set to revolutionize UI verification.
• Inflectra's AI Solutions: See demonstrations of Inflectra's cutting-edge AI tools like the ChatGPT plugin and Azure Open AI platform, designed to streamline your testing process.
Whether you're a developer, tester, or QA professional, this webinar will give you valuable insights into how AI is shaping the future of software delivery.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
Connector Corner: Automate dynamic content and events by pushing a buttonDianaGray10
Here is something new! In our next Connector Corner webinar, we will demonstrate how you can use a single workflow to:
Create a campaign using Mailchimp with merge tags/fields
Send an interactive Slack channel message (using buttons)
Have the message received by managers and peers along with a test email for review
But there’s more:
In a second workflow supporting the same use case, you’ll see:
Your campaign sent to target colleagues for approval
If the “Approve” button is clicked, a Jira/Zendesk ticket is created for the marketing design team
But—if the “Reject” button is pushed, colleagues will be alerted via Slack message
Join us to learn more about this new, human-in-the-loop capability, brought to you by Integration Service connectors.
And...
Speakers:
Akshay Agnihotri, Product Manager
Charlie Greenberg, Host
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
Elevating Tactical DDD Patterns Through Object CalisthenicsDorra BARTAGUIZ
After immersing yourself in the blue book and its red counterpart, attending DDD-focused conferences, and applying tactical patterns, you're left with a crucial question: How do I ensure my design is effective? Tactical patterns within Domain-Driven Design (DDD) serve as guiding principles for creating clear and manageable domain models. However, achieving success with these patterns requires additional guidance. Interestingly, we've observed that a set of constraints initially designed for training purposes remarkably aligns with effective pattern implementation, offering a more ‘mechanical’ approach. Let's explore together how Object Calisthenics can elevate the design of your tactical DDD patterns, offering concrete help for those venturing into DDD for the first time!
Transcript: Selling digital books in 2024: Insights from industry leaders - T...BookNet Canada
The publishing industry has been selling digital audiobooks and ebooks for over a decade and has found its groove. What’s changed? What has stayed the same? Where do we go from here? Join a group of leading sales peers from across the industry for a conversation about the lessons learned since the popularization of digital books, best practices, digital book supply chain management, and more.
Link to video recording: https://bnctechforum.ca/sessions/selling-digital-books-in-2024-insights-from-industry-leaders/
Presented by BookNet Canada on May 28, 2024, with support from the Department of Canadian Heritage.
State of ICS and IoT Cyber Threat Landscape Report 2024 previewPrayukth K V
The IoT and OT threat landscape report has been prepared by the Threat Research Team at Sectrio using data from Sectrio, cyber threat intelligence farming facilities spread across over 85 cities around the world. In addition, Sectrio also runs AI-based advanced threat and payload engagement facilities that serve as sinks to attract and engage sophisticated threat actors, and newer malware including new variants and latent threats that are at an earlier stage of development.
The latest edition of the OT/ICS and IoT security Threat Landscape Report 2024 also covers:
State of global ICS asset and network exposure
Sectoral targets and attacks as well as the cost of ransom
Global APT activity, AI usage, actor and tactic profiles, and implications
Rise in volumes of AI-powered cyberattacks
Major cyber events in 2024
Malware and malicious payload trends
Cyberattack types and targets
Vulnerability exploit attempts on CVEs
Attacks on counties – USA
Expansion of bot farms – how, where, and why
In-depth analysis of the cyber threat landscape across North America, South America, Europe, APAC, and the Middle East
Why are attacks on smart factories rising?
Cyber risk predictions
Axis of attacks – Europe
Systemic attacks in the Middle East
Download the full report from here:
https://sectrio.com/resources/ot-threat-landscape-reports/sectrio-releases-ot-ics-and-iot-security-threat-landscape-report-2024/
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
2. Today’s Speakers
2
•Matt Bromiley – SANS Instructor & Incident
Responder
•Dani Grant – Cloudflare product manager,
responsible for Cloudflare’s web portal and core
DNS product
3. •The Importance of Elliptic Curves
•A Unique Approach to Negative Answers
•Wrap-Up
•Q&A
Today’s Agenda
3
9. Background
● CloudFlare mitigates large DDoS attacks (often 500+ Gbps)
● DDoS is sometimes done through DNS amplification (small DNS query
returns large DNS answer)
● Signed zones with large signature sizes are good for attackers doing
amplification attacks
10. Elliptic Curves: Small Packet Size
● CloudFlare uses ECDSA to keep key and signature sizes small
● Almost all DNS answers CloudFlare returns are < 512 bytes, even with
DNSSEC
16. Speeding up ECDSA in Go
● Native implementation in assembly (by Vlad Krasnov)
● 21x speed improvements
● Now part of standard Go crypto library as of Go 1.6
● Takes CloudFlare 0.0001 seconds to sign a DNS record
Before After Speedup
ECDSA Sign 1,015,006 ns/op 48,741 ns/op 20.8x
ECDSA Verify 3,086,282 ns/op 146,991 ns/op 21.0x
20. ietf.org. 1179 IN SOA ns0.amsl.com. glen.amsl.com. 1200000325 1800 1800 604800
1800
SOA
21. ietf.org. 1179 IN SOA ns0.amsl.com. glen.amsl.com. 1200000325 1800 1800 604800
1800
ietf.org. 1179 IN RRSIG SOA 5 2 1800 20170308083354 20160308073501 40452
ietf.org. S0gIjTnQGA6TyIBjCeBXL4ip8aEQEgg2y+kCQ3sLtFa3oNy9vj9kj4aP
8EVu4oIexr8X/i9L8Oj5ec4HOrQoYsMGObRUG0FGT0MEbxepi+wWrfed
vD/3mq8KZg/pj6TQAKebeSQGkmb8y9eP0PdWdUi6EatH9ZY/tsoiKyqg
U4vtq9sWZ/4mH3xfhK9RBI4M7XIXsPX+biZoik6aOt4zSWR5WDq27pXI
0l+BLzZb72C7McT4PlBiF+U86OngBlGxVBnILyW2aUisi2LY6KeO5AmK
WNT0xHWe5+JtPD5PgmSm46YZ8jMP5mH4hSYr76jqwvlCtXvq8XgYQU/P QyuCpQ==
SOA
SOA
RRSIG
22. ietf.org. 1179 IN SOA ns0.amsl.com. glen.amsl.com. 1200000325 1800 1800 604800
1800
ietf.org. 1179 IN RRSIG SOA 5 2 1800 20170308083354 20160308073501 40452
ietf.org. S0gIjTnQGA6TyIBjCeBXL4ip8aEQEgg2y+kCQ3sLtFa3oNy9vj9kj4aP
8EVu4oIexr8X/i9L8Oj5ec4HOrQoYsMGObRUG0FGT0MEbxepi+wWrfed
vD/3mq8KZg/pj6TQAKebeSQGkmb8y9eP0PdWdUi6EatH9ZY/tsoiKyqg
U4vtq9sWZ/4mH3xfhK9RBI4M7XIXsPX+biZoik6aOt4zSWR5WDq27pXI
0l+BLzZb72C7McT4PlBiF+U86OngBlGxVBnILyW2aUisi2LY6KeO5AmK
WNT0xHWe5+JtPD5PgmSm46YZ8jMP5mH4hSYr76jqwvlCtXvq8XgYQU/P QyuCpQ==
www.apps.ietf.org. 1062 IN NSEC cloudflare-verify.ietf.org. A RRSIG NSEC
SOA
SOA
RRSIG
NSEC
23. ietf.org. 1179 IN SOA ns0.amsl.com. glen.amsl.com. 1200000325 1800 1800 604800
1800
ietf.org. 1179 IN RRSIG SOA 5 2 1800 20170308083354 20160308073501 40452
ietf.org. S0gIjTnQGA6TyIBjCeBXL4ip8aEQEgg2y+kCQ3sLtFa3oNy9vj9kj4aP
8EVu4oIexr8X/i9L8Oj5ec4HOrQoYsMGObRUG0FGT0MEbxepi+wWrfed
vD/3mq8KZg/pj6TQAKebeSQGkmb8y9eP0PdWdUi6EatH9ZY/tsoiKyqg
U4vtq9sWZ/4mH3xfhK9RBI4M7XIXsPX+biZoik6aOt4zSWR5WDq27pXI
0l+BLzZb72C7McT4PlBiF+U86OngBlGxVBnILyW2aUisi2LY6KeO5AmK
WNT0xHWe5+JtPD5PgmSm46YZ8jMP5mH4hSYr76jqwvlCtXvq8XgYQU/P QyuCpQ==
www.apps.ietf.org. 1062 IN NSEC cloudflare-verify.ietf.org. A RRSIG NSEC
SOA
SOA
RRSIG
NSEC
bogus.ietf.org is between these two names
24. ietf.org. 1179 IN SOA ns0.amsl.com. glen.amsl.com. 1200000325 1800 1800 604800
1800
ietf.org. 1179 IN RRSIG SOA 5 2 1800 20170308083354 20160308073501 40452
ietf.org. S0gIjTnQGA6TyIBjCeBXL4ip8aEQEgg2y+kCQ3sLtFa3oNy9vj9kj4aP
8EVu4oIexr8X/i9L8Oj5ec4HOrQoYsMGObRUG0FGT0MEbxepi+wWrfed
vD/3mq8KZg/pj6TQAKebeSQGkmb8y9eP0PdWdUi6EatH9ZY/tsoiKyqg
U4vtq9sWZ/4mH3xfhK9RBI4M7XIXsPX+biZoik6aOt4zSWR5WDq27pXI
0l+BLzZb72C7McT4PlBiF+U86OngBlGxVBnILyW2aUisi2LY6KeO5AmK
WNT0xHWe5+JtPD5PgmSm46YZ8jMP5mH4hSYr76jqwvlCtXvq8XgYQU/P QyuCpQ==
www.apps.ietf.org. 1062 IN NSEC cloudflare-verify.ietf.org. A RRSIG NSEC
www.apps.ietf.org. 1062 IN RRSIG NSEC 5 4 1800 20170308083322 20160308073501
40452 ietf.org. NxmjhCkTtoiolJUow/OreeBRxTtf2AnIPM/r2p7oS/hNeOdFI9tpgGQY
g0lTOYjcNNoIoDB/r56Kd+5wtuaKT+xsYiZ4K413I+cmrNQ+6oLT+Mz6
Kfzvo/TcrJD99PVAYIN1MwzO42od/vi/juGkuKJVcCzrBKNHCZqu7clu
mU3DEqbQQT2O8dYIUjLlfom1iYtZZrfuhB6FCYFTRd3h8OLfMhXtt8f5
8Q/XvjakiLqov1blZAK229I2qgUYEhd77n2pXV6SJuOKcSjZiQsGJeaM
wIotSKa8EttJELkpNAUkN9uXfhU+WjouS1qzgyWwbf2hdgsBntKP9his 9MfJNA==
SOA
SOA
RRSIG
NSEC
NSEC
RRSIG
25. ietf.org. 1179 IN SOA ns0.amsl.com. glen.amsl.com. 1200000325 1800 1800 604800
1800
ietf.org. 1179 IN RRSIG SOA 5 2 1800 20170308083354 20160308073501 40452
ietf.org. S0gIjTnQGA6TyIBjCeBXL4ip8aEQEgg2y+kCQ3sLtFa3oNy9vj9kj4aP
8EVu4oIexr8X/i9L8Oj5ec4HOrQoYsMGObRUG0FGT0MEbxepi+wWrfed
vD/3mq8KZg/pj6TQAKebeSQGkmb8y9eP0PdWdUi6EatH9ZY/tsoiKyqg
U4vtq9sWZ/4mH3xfhK9RBI4M7XIXsPX+biZoik6aOt4zSWR5WDq27pXI
0l+BLzZb72C7McT4PlBiF+U86OngBlGxVBnILyW2aUisi2LY6KeO5AmK
WNT0xHWe5+JtPD5PgmSm46YZ8jMP5mH4hSYr76jqwvlCtXvq8XgYQU/P QyuCpQ==
www.apps.ietf.org. 1062 IN NSEC cloudflare-verify.ietf.org. A RRSIG NSEC
www.apps.ietf.org. 1062 IN RRSIG NSEC 5 4 1800 20170308083322 20160308073501
40452 ietf.org. NxmjhCkTtoiolJUow/OreeBRxTtf2AnIPM/r2p7oS/hNeOdFI9tpgGQY
g0lTOYjcNNoIoDB/r56Kd+5wtuaKT+xsYiZ4K413I+cmrNQ+6oLT+Mz6
Kfzvo/TcrJD99PVAYIN1MwzO42od/vi/juGkuKJVcCzrBKNHCZqu7clu
mU3DEqbQQT2O8dYIUjLlfom1iYtZZrfuhB6FCYFTRd3h8OLfMhXtt8f5
8Q/XvjakiLqov1blZAK229I2qgUYEhd77n2pXV6SJuOKcSjZiQsGJeaM
wIotSKa8EttJELkpNAUkN9uXfhU+WjouS1qzgyWwbf2hdgsBntKP9his 9MfJNA==
SOA
SOA
RRSIG
NSEC
NSEC
RRSIG
I ran out of space, continuing on the next page
27. ietf.org. 1062 IN NSEC ietf1._domainkey.ietf.org. A NS SOA MX TXT AAAA RRSIG
NSEC DNSKEY SPF
NSEC
SOA
RRSIG
NSEC
NSEC
RRSIG
SOA
28. ietf.org. 1062 IN NSEC ietf1._domainkey.ietf.org. A NS SOA MX TXT AAAA RRSIG
NSEC DNSKEY SPF
NSEC
SOA
RRSIG
NSEC
NSEC
RRSIG
SOA
*.ietf.org would exist between these names
29. ietf.org. 1062 IN NSEC ietf1._domainkey.ietf.org. A NS SOA MX TXT AAAA RRSIG
NSEC DNSKEY SPF
ietf.org. 1062 IN RRSIG NSEC 5 2 1800 20170308083303 20160308073501 40452
ietf.org. homg5NrZIKo0tR+aEp0MVYYjT7J/KGTKP46bJ8eeetbq4KqNvLKJ5Yig
ve4RSWFYrSARAmbi3GIFW00P/dFCzDNVlMWYRbcFUt5NfYRJxg25jy95
yHNmInwDUnttmzKuBezdVVvRLJY3qSM7S3VfI/b7n6++ODUFcsL88uNB
V6bRO6FOksgE1/jUrtz6/lEKmodWWI2goFPGgmgihqLR8ldv0Dv7k9vy
Ao1uunP6kDQEj+omkICFHaT/DBSSYq59DVeMAAcfDq2ssbr4p8hUoXiB
tNlJWEubMnHi7YmLSgby+m8b97+8b6qPe8W478gAiggsNjc2gQSKOOXH EejOSA==
NSEC
SOA
RRSIG
NSEC
NSEC
RRSIG
SOA
NSEC
RRSIG
31. ietf.org. 1179 IN SOA ns0.amsl.com. glen.amsl.com. 1200000325 1800 1800 604800 1800
ietf.org. 1179 IN RRSIG SOA 5 2 1800 20170308083354 20160308073501 40452 ietf.org.
S0gIjTnQGA6TyIBjCeBXL4ip8aEQEgg2y+kCQ3sLtFa3oNy9vj9kj4aP 8EVu4oIexr8X/i9L8Oj5ec4HOrQoYsMGObRUG0FGT0MEbxepi+wWrfed
vD/3mq8KZg/pj6TQAKebeSQGkmb8y9eP0PdWdUi6EatH9ZY/tsoiKyqg U4vtq9sWZ/4mH3xfhK9RBI4M7XIXsPX+biZoik6aOt4zSWR5WDq27pXI
0l+BLzZb72C7McT4PlBiF+U86OngBlGxVBnILyW2aUisi2LY6KeO5AmK WNT0xHWe5+JtPD5PgmSm46YZ8jMP5mH4hSYr76jqwvlCtXvq8XgYQU/P
QyuCpQ==
www.apps.ietf.org. 1062 IN NSEC cloudflare-verify.ietf.org. A RRSIG NSEC
www.apps.ietf.org. 1062 IN RRSIG NSEC 5 4 1800 20170308083322 20160308073501 40452 ietf.org.
NxmjhCkTtoiolJUow/OreeBRxTtf2AnIPM/r2p7oS/hNeOdFI9tpgGQY g0lTOYjcNNoIoDB/r56Kd+5wtuaKT+xsYiZ4K413I+cmrNQ+6oLT+Mz6
Kfzvo/TcrJD99PVAYIN1MwzO42od/vi/juGkuKJVcCzrBKNHCZqu7clu mU3DEqbQQT2O8dYIUjLlfom1iYtZZrfuhB6FCYFTRd3h8OLfMhXtt8f5
8Q/XvjakiLqov1blZAK229I2qgUYEhd77n2pXV6SJuOKcSjZiQsGJeaM wIotSKa8EttJELkpNAUkN9uXfhU+WjouS1qzgyWwbf2hdgsBntKP9his
9MfJNA==
ietf.org. 1062 IN NSEC ietf1._domainkey.ietf.org. A NS SOA MX TXT AAAA RRSIG NSEC DNSKEY SPF
ietf.org. 1062 IN RRSIG NSEC 5 2 1800 20170308083303 20160308073501 40452 ietf.org.
homg5NrZIKo0tR+aEp0MVYYjT7J/KGTKP46bJ8eeetbq4KqNvLKJ5Yig ve4RSWFYrSARAmbi3GIFW00P/dFCzDNVlMWYRbcFUt5NfYRJxg25jy95
yHNmInwDUnttmzKuBezdVVvRLJY3qSM7S3VfI/b7n6++ODUFcsL88uNB V6bRO6FOksgE1/jUrtz6/lEKmodWWI2goFPGgmgihqLR8ldv0Dv7k9vy
Ao1uunP6kDQEj+omkICFHaT/DBSSYq59DVeMAAcfDq2ssbr4p8hUoXiB tNlJWEubMnHi7YmLSgby+m8b97+8b6qPe8W478gAiggsNjc2gQSKOOXH
EejOSA==
1096 BYTES!!
32. Problems with negative answers @ scale
1. Requires authoritative server to return
previous and next name
a. Expensive $$$
2. Large answers
a. Big answers = slow answers, and reflection attack
bait
33. Cloudflare “Black Lies” for NXDOMAIN
● The next name is always
000.[themissingname]
● One NSEC per answer
cloudflare.com. 1799 IN SOA ns3.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2020905521 10000 2400
604800 3600
bogus.cloudflare.com. 3599 IN NSEC 000.bogus.cloudflare.com. RRSIG NSEC
cloudflare.com. 1799 IN RRSIG SOA 13 2 86400 20160309213638 20160307193638 35273
cloudflare.com. mgx1FncjVdOpWhMOqm6+kcPBi/6zC8LF00ccG3DA1RNiI6hXmrqnFiUg dsngBT3VYo0+8AsZ1l0vJiopCdNoTw==
bogus.cloudflare.com. 3599 IN RRSIG NSEC 13 3 3600 20160309213638 20160307193638 35273
cloudflare.com. 8nbevvyI/RsSjunQzjlPkIHphiAOu5gti+aj2ucBx3Nhc7cnaHtJbJ5C dFrOF7eoZuPeiegf0KTtMyhAYp3tWQ==
34. Comparing Negative Answers
ietf.org. 1799 IN SOA ns0.amsl.com. glen.amsl.com. 1200000317 1800 1800 604800 1800
ietf.org. 1799 IN RRSIG SOA 5 2 1800 20170213210533 20160214200831 40452 ietf.org. P8XoJx+SK5nUZAV/IqiJrsoKtP1c+GXmp3FvEOUZPFn1VwW33242LVrJ
GMI5HHjMEX07EzOXZyLnQeEvlf2QLxRIQm1wAnE6W4SUp7TgKUZ7NJHP dgLr2gqKYim4CI7ikYj3vK7NgcaSE5jqIZUm7oFxxYO9/YPz4Mx7COw6 XBOMYS2v8VY3DICeJdZsHJnVKlgl8L7/yqrL8qhkSW1yDo3YtB9cZEjB
OVk8uRDxK7aHkEnMRz0LODOJ10AngJpg9LrkZ1CO444RhZGgTbwzN9Vq rDyH47Cn3h8ofEOJtYCJvuX5CCzaZDInBsjq9wNAiNBgIQatPkNriR77 hCEHhQ==
ietf.org. 1799 IN NSEC ietf1._domainkey.ietf.org. A NS SOA MX TXT AAAA RRSIG NSEC DNSKEY SPF
ietf.org. 1799 IN RRSIG NSEC 5 2 1800 20170213210816 20160214200831 40452 ietf.org. B9z/JJs30tkn0DyxVz0zaRlm4HkeNY1TqYmr9rx8rH7kC32PWZ1Fooy6
16qmB33/cvD2wtOCKMnNQPdTG2qUs/RuVxqRPZaQojIVZsy/GYONmlap BptzgOJLP7/HOxgYFgMt5q/91JHfp6Mn0sd218/H86Aa98RCXwUOzZnW bdttjsmbAqONuPQURaGz8ZgGztFmQt5dNeNRaq5Uqdzw738vQjYwppfU
9GSLkT7RCh3kgbNcSaXeuWfFnxG1R2SdlRoDICos+RqdDM+23BHGYkYc /NEBLtjYGxPqYCMe/7lOtWQjtQOkqylAr1r7pSI2NOA9mexa7yTuXH+x o/rzRA==
www.apps.ietf.org. 1799 IN NSEC cloudflare-verify.ietf.org. A RRSIG NSEC
www.apps.ietf.org. 1799 IN RRSIG NSEC 5 4 1800 20170213210614 20160214200831 40452 ietf.org. U+hEHcTps2IC8VKS61rU3MDZq+U0KG4/oJjIHVYbrWufQ7NdMdnY6hCL
OmQtsvuZVRQjWHmowRhMj83JMUagxoZuWTg6GuLPin3c7PkRimfBx7jI wjqORwcuvpBh92A/s/2HXBma3PtDZl2UDLy4z7wdO62rbxGU/LX1jTqY FoJJLJfJ/C+ngVMIE/QVneXSJkAjHV96FSEnreF81V62x9azv3AHo4tl
qnoYvRDtK+cR072A5smtWMKDfcIr2fI11TAGIyhR55yAiollPDEz5koj BfMstC/JXVURJMM+1vCPjxvwYzTZN8iICf1AupyyR8BNWxgic5yh1ljH 1AuAVQ==
cloudflare.com. 1799 IN SOA ns3.cloudflare.com. dns.cloudflare.com. 2020742566 10000 2400 604800 3600
blog.cloudflare.com. 3599 IN NSEC 000.blog.cloudflare.com. RRSIG NSEC
cloudflare.com. 1799 IN RRSIG SOA 13 2 86400 20160220230013 20160218210013 35273 cloudflare.com. kgjtJDuuNC/yX8yWQpol4ZUUr8s8yAXZi26KWBI6S3HDtry2t6LnP1ou
QK10Ut7DXO/XhyZddRBVj3pIpWYdBQ==
blog.cloudflare.com. 3599 IN RRSIG NSEC 13 3 3600 20160220230013 20160218210013 35273 cloudflare.com. 8BKAAS8EXNJbm8DxEI1OOBba8KaiimIuB47mPlteiZf3sVLGN1edsrXE
+q+pHaSHEfYG5mHfCBJrbi6b3EoXOw==
NSEC: 1096 bytes
Black Lies: 357 bytes
36. To Review
Save compute on DNSSEC:
● Small answer sizes utilizing ECDSA
● Auto-generate negative answers
37. •DNS has inherent vulnerabilities that attackers are
taking advantage of – we must mitigate this.
•DNSSEC provides a reliable method to secure DNS
resolutions.
•While DNSSEC is a good idea in theory,
implementation must match current DNS 1-to-1.
Wrap-Up
37
38. Please use GoToWebinar’s
Questions tool to submit questions
to our panel.
Send to “Organizers”
and tell us if it’s for
a specific panelist.
Q&A
38
39. Thanks to Cloudflare!
For more questions, contact
dani@cloudflare
And to our attendees,
Thank you for joining us today
Acknowledgements
39
