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This document provides information about Darwin's observations during his visit to the Galapagos Islands in 1831. It discusses how hotspots create island chains like the Galapagos Islands and Hawaii. Hotspots are areas of magma within the upper mantle that cause volcanic activity above. The document lists various websites that provide more details about hotspot formation, the location and tectonic plates of the Galapagos Islands, the names and ages of the islands in the chain, and the history of the Galapagos Islands.
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Plate Tectonics: History and Boundaries
1. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before slowly drifting apart.
2. Wegener provided four lines of evidence to support his theory - similar rock formations and fossils on separated continents, matching coastlines, correlated climate indicators like coal deposits, and plant and animal distributions that could not have crossed oceans.
3. However, Wegener's theory was initially rejected because he could not explain what caused the continents to move. It was not until the 1950s-60s that seafloor spreading and plate tectonics were discovered, providing a mechanism to explain continental drift.
Hawaii 24/7 - Kilauea - Graceful Beauty - Power of Change
Everything has beauty, but not everyone can see it.
~ Confucius
Each of us can make a difference. Together we can make change.
~ Barbara Mikulski
Only those who will risk going too far can possibly find out how far one can go.
~ T.S. Eliot
Running head EVOLUTION IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS1EVOLUTION I.docx
Running head: EVOLUTION IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
1
EVOLUTION IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
5
Evolution In The Galapagos Islands
Melissa Vaccaro
D’Youville College
Galapagos Islands are situated in Southern America, in the Pacific Ocean, 1046.07 kilometers from the coast of Ecuador. The Galapagos Islands are cut off from all other groups of islands or land form. There are four different reasons as to why the Galapagos Islands are very important. First, the Galapagos Islands are very isolated; they are home for dozens of animal and plant species that can never be found in any other part of the world (Larson, 2001). For instance, the largest reptile in the world, which has a longer lifespan than all animals in the world is the Galapagos Tortoise found in the Galapagos Islands.
According to Larson (2001) the second, history of the development natural selection started in Galapagos Islands in 1835 on the HMS Beagle when Darwin visited Galapagos for five weeks. Initially, Charles had a belief that every species was created by God. Nevertheless, he reasoned accurately after seeing and studying differences among same species from different islands, that a natural process made more sense. Nonetheless, he ultimately came up with a new ideas and questions that needed many answers by thinking that almost all species emerged through a natural procedure via a natural selection. Currently, Darwin’s Finches is still being used as an example in different fields of science (Larson, 2001).
Third reason Galapagos Islands are very important is that the Galapagos Islands are volcanic just like Islands of Hawaii. Deep in the earth’s crust, below the pacific tectonic, where the magma flows to the surface, there is a geological hotspot that does not move. Nonetheless, new volcanic islands start to emerge beneath the sea up to when they are finally poke at the top of the surface to develop a new Galapagos islands as the Pacific plate shifts from west to east (Larson, 2001). The westernmost island is the island of Fernandina, is the youngest of the islands. Geologically, it is approximated to be more than 750,100 years old. The first islands to be formed off to the east are approximated to be more than 2.5 million years old.
Walsh & Mena (2013) assert that the last reason, which makes the Galapagos Islands to be more significant is that its climate is affected by two major ocean currents. To start with, the Humboldt Current from Antarctica which comes from the south and the second; from the western side comes a deep-water current. This cold deep water winds comes with a huge distribution of minerals and nutrients, which feed the bottom of the food chain upon reaching the islands. This is therefore, the reason as to why the western waters of the Galapagos are different from those of other marine life.
According to Walsh & Mena (2013), all people who visit the Galapagos Islands cannot but help wonder how different creatures came into existence, and they ...
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The document discusses the Earth's internal energy and how it causes tectonic plate movement and related geological phenomena. The main points are:
1) The Earth has internal heat from radioactive elements and impacts that causes plate tectonics and results in volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain building.
2) Alfred Wegener proposed continental drift in 1912 to explain how the continents were once joined together before drifting apart, as evidenced by matching continental shelves.
3) The Earth's solid crust is made up of tectonic plates that move due to convection currents in the mantle, resulting in earthquakes and volcanic activity at plate boundaries.
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The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are a remote chain of small islands and atolls northwest of the main Hawaiian Islands. The region was designated as a national monument in 2006 to protect its unique ecology. It contains the largest protected marine area in the US and hosts many endemic and endangered species. Key facts about the islands include their volcanic formation over millions of years, cultural significance to native Hawaiians, and pristine coral reefs that are home to thousands of species, a quarter of which are found nowhere else.
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Plate Tectonics: History and Boundaries
1. Alfred Wegener first proposed the theory of continental drift in 1912, suggesting that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea before slowly drifting apart.
2. Wegener provided four lines of evidence to support his theory - similar rock formations and fossils on separated continents, matching coastlines, correlated climate indicators like coal deposits, and plant and animal distributions that could not have crossed oceans.
3. However, Wegener's theory was initially rejected because he could not explain what caused the continents to move. It was not until the 1950s-60s that seafloor spreading and plate tectonics were discovered, providing a mechanism to explain continental drift.
Hawaii 24/7 - Kilauea - Graceful Beauty - Power of Change
Everything has beauty, but not everyone can see it.
~ Confucius
Each of us can make a difference. Together we can make change.
~ Barbara Mikulski
Only those who will risk going too far can possibly find out how far one can go.
~ T.S. Eliot
Running head EVOLUTION IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS1EVOLUTION I.docx
Running head: EVOLUTION IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
1
EVOLUTION IN THE GALAPAGOS ISLANDS
5
Evolution In The Galapagos Islands
Melissa Vaccaro
D’Youville College
Galapagos Islands are situated in Southern America, in the Pacific Ocean, 1046.07 kilometers from the coast of Ecuador. The Galapagos Islands are cut off from all other groups of islands or land form. There are four different reasons as to why the Galapagos Islands are very important. First, the Galapagos Islands are very isolated; they are home for dozens of animal and plant species that can never be found in any other part of the world (Larson, 2001). For instance, the largest reptile in the world, which has a longer lifespan than all animals in the world is the Galapagos Tortoise found in the Galapagos Islands.
According to Larson (2001) the second, history of the development natural selection started in Galapagos Islands in 1835 on the HMS Beagle when Darwin visited Galapagos for five weeks. Initially, Charles had a belief that every species was created by God. Nevertheless, he reasoned accurately after seeing and studying differences among same species from different islands, that a natural process made more sense. Nonetheless, he ultimately came up with a new ideas and questions that needed many answers by thinking that almost all species emerged through a natural procedure via a natural selection. Currently, Darwin’s Finches is still being used as an example in different fields of science (Larson, 2001).
Third reason Galapagos Islands are very important is that the Galapagos Islands are volcanic just like Islands of Hawaii. Deep in the earth’s crust, below the pacific tectonic, where the magma flows to the surface, there is a geological hotspot that does not move. Nonetheless, new volcanic islands start to emerge beneath the sea up to when they are finally poke at the top of the surface to develop a new Galapagos islands as the Pacific plate shifts from west to east (Larson, 2001). The westernmost island is the island of Fernandina, is the youngest of the islands. Geologically, it is approximated to be more than 750,100 years old. The first islands to be formed off to the east are approximated to be more than 2.5 million years old.
Walsh & Mena (2013) assert that the last reason, which makes the Galapagos Islands to be more significant is that its climate is affected by two major ocean currents. To start with, the Humboldt Current from Antarctica which comes from the south and the second; from the western side comes a deep-water current. This cold deep water winds comes with a huge distribution of minerals and nutrients, which feed the bottom of the food chain upon reaching the islands. This is therefore, the reason as to why the western waters of the Galapagos are different from those of other marine life.
According to Walsh & Mena (2013), all people who visit the Galapagos Islands cannot but help wonder how different creatures came into existence, and they ...
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The document discusses the Earth's internal energy and how it causes tectonic plate movement and related geological phenomena. The main points are:
1) The Earth has internal heat from radioactive elements and impacts that causes plate tectonics and results in volcanoes, earthquakes, and mountain building.
2) Alfred Wegener proposed continental drift in 1912 to explain how the continents were once joined together before drifting apart, as evidenced by matching continental shelves.
3) The Earth's solid crust is made up of tectonic plates that move due to convection currents in the mantle, resulting in earthquakes and volcanic activity at plate boundaries.
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The Northwestern Hawaiian Islands are a remote chain of small islands and atolls northwest of the main Hawaiian Islands. The region was designated as a national monument in 2006 to protect its unique ecology. It contains the largest protected marine area in the US and hosts many endemic and endangered species. Key facts about the islands include their volcanic formation over millions of years, cultural significance to native Hawaiians, and pristine coral reefs that are home to thousands of species, a quarter of which are found nowhere else.
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The student visited Bishop's Peak and the Leaning Pine Arboretum near Cal Poly campus. Bishop's Peak formed from an extinct volcano and is composed of dacite rock. The arboretum sits on land that was once ocean floor and contains serpentinite rock formed from ocean crust. Various plants, animals, and fossils were observed including Aesculus californica trees, western fence lizards, and a possible deer fossil. The assignment helped the student learn about the geological history and evolution of the local area.
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Required Resources httpswww.cdc.govphlpnewscurrent.htmlh.docx
Required Resources
https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/news/current.html
https://www.congress.gov/
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The Big Island of Hawaii was formed by volcanic activity from a hot spot under the Pacific tectonic plate over the last 10 million years. The oldest islands formed over 5 million years ago, while the Big Island itself formed around 500,000 years ago. The Big Island contains 5 volcanoes, 3 of which are still active including Kilauea, the most active volcano which has erupted as recently as 2011. Lava rock layers on the Big Island show the island's geological formation over time as lava flows from the volcanoes to the ocean.
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The document provides an overview of mantle plumes and hotspots. It discusses that mantle plumes are columns of hot material rising from deep within the mantle, and hotspots are the surface expression of these plumes seen as volcanic regions. Hotspots have distinct geochemical signatures and are unrelated to tectonic plate boundaries. They can form hotspot tracks as the tectonic plate moves over them, leaving age-progressive volcanic chains. While hotspots were thought to be fixed in the mantle, evidence now suggests they may move slowly relative to each other over geologic timescales. Mantle plumes provide an explanation for various volcanic and tectonic phenomena seen in the interiors of tectonic plates.
Field Assignment- GEL 103
The student visited Bishop's Peak and the Leaning Pine Arboretum near Cal Poly campus. Bishop's Peak formed from an extinct volcano and is composed of dacite rock. The arboretum sits on land that was once ocean floor and contains serpentinite rock formed from ocean crust. Various plants, animals, and fossils were observed including Aesculus californica trees, western fence lizards, and a possible deer fossil. The assignment helped the student learn about the geological history and evolution of the local area.
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The Late Devonian Mass Extinction Period
The Late Devonian Mass Extinction Period saw at least 70% of species perish approximately 374.5 million years ago, making it one of the "Big Five" mass extinctions in Earth's history. The main victims were major reef builders like corals. Potential causes that have been debated include asteroid impacts, volcanic activity from plate tectonics, and climate change from these events causing global cooling and glaciation. Evidence from Siberia supports the role of volcanic eruptions from the Viluy Traps in driving environmental changes that destroyed marine habitats.
Required Resources httpswww.cdc.govphlpnewscurrent.htmlh.docx
Required Resources
https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/news/current.html
https://www.congress.gov/
https://www.congress.gov/legislative-process
Geobiology is the study of the interactions that occur between the biosphere and the geosphere. It must include elements of the atmosphere, the hydrosphere and the lithosphere. When I looked up geobiology a lot of the articles came up about climate change.
Geologists think of the last 50 million years as the recent past, both because they represents only about one percent of the age of the earth. As well as because plate tectonics, the geologic process that controls conditions within the solid part of the earth, has operated without major change during that time period. This is the time period that is most relevant to gaining insights about earth’s climate. Which can be applied to the present-day global warming. Geological record of ancient climate is good. Ancient temperatures can be determined very precisely, because the composition of the shells of corals and other marine organisms varies measurably with it. The plants and animals that lived during a given time and are now preserved as fossils indicate whether the climate was wet or dry. Overall climatic trend has been cooling, from an unusually warm period. This is called the Eocene Optimum. Before like 55-45 million years ago, there was a cool period, colloquially called the Ice Age. It ended just 20,000 years ago. The overall range in temperature was huge it was about 35°F. During the Eocene Optimum it was warm that Antarctica was ice-free. The ice caps did not start to form there until about 35 million years ago. Palm trees grew at high latitudes. As well cold-blooded animals, such as crocodiles, lived in the Arctic. The earth’s climate is highly variable. During the Eocene Optimum and the Ice Age, though in both cases life was more abundant in some parts of the world than in others. The fossil record indicates that forests were common during the Eocence Optimum. But in some areas were vegetated steppes and deserts. While the great glaciers of the Ice Age were lifeless, extremely large mammals inhabited lower latitudes. Some species adapted and others went extinct. Climate during the Ice Age was unstable. Many swings of more than 10°F. The Milankovitch cycles, which is a cycle due to the gravitational influence of the moon and planets. The timing of these swings closely follows regular fluctuations in the tilt of the earth’s axis and the shape of its orbit around the sun. The magnitude can be reliably calculated.
Another article stated that the a changing climate has been the norm throughout the 4.6 billion year history of the Earth. Recent geological past, climate swings have given us repeated glaciations separated by warmer intervals. Climate is intimately connected to the evolution of life, to the erosion and formation of rocks, and even to the generation of mountains. The connections is the transfer of carbon from one place is a process known as.
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Content:
1. The beginning of Earth
2. Geological Foundation
3. The Archipelago`s name
4. Geography and Resources
5. Country`s Climate
6. The Filipino People
7. Theories on the Origin of the Filipinos
Time traveling alfred wegener essay
Alfred Wegener traveled through time to collect evidence to prove his theory of continental drift. He discovered that plate tectonics caused the continents to drift apart. Wegener found six key pieces of evidence to support continental drift: 1) the coastlines of continents fit together like puzzle pieces, 2) matching rock sequences and ages across continents, 3) matching diamond patterns across oceans, 4) mountain ranges torn apart by continental movement, 5) matching past glacier patterns, and 6) matching fossil distributions across continents. Wegener concluded that billions of years ago the continents were joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea, which later broke apart due to plate tectonics.
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The document provides information about the geology of the Flin Flon area in Manitoba, Canada. It discusses the regional history and lithology of the Flin Flon greenstone belt and broader Trans-Hudson Orogen. Specifically, it focuses on map area 4 from a University of Saskatchewan field school in Flin Flon. It describes a rock sample from the area as a greenschist facies mafic metavolcanic rock that displays a porphyritic texture and subtle foliation from deformation.
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The Galapagos Islands are a group of volcanic islands in the Pacific Ocean that are home to many unique species. Charles Darwin observed that species on different islands had small variations that helped them adapt to the local environment, inspiring his theory of evolution by natural selection. Today the islands are threatened by human activities like tourism, fishing, and waste if not properly managed and conserved to protect the islands' fragile ecosystem.
Human Evolution
- Charles Darwin was an English naturalist best known for developing the theory of evolution through his book "On the Origin of Species". He studied species of finches on the Galapagos Islands which provided evidence for his theory. Darwin proposed that all life shares a common ancestor and that gradual changes over long periods of time lead to the diversity of life we see today. His theory of evolution through natural selection and evidence from fossils and comparative anatomy of living things is still widely accepted today as the explanation for the development of life.
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The document discusses mineral veins found on Mars and how they were formed. Scientists used the Curiosity rover to explore Gale Crater on Mars, where there is evidence that lakes existed 3.6 billion years ago. Analysis of mineral veins in the crater revealed that they formed as sediments from the ancient lakes were buried, heated to 50 degrees Celsius, and evaporated, leaving behind silica and sulfate minerals. The veins provide further evidence that Mars once had evaporating lakes suitable for microbial life.
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This document provides background information on Charles Darwin and the key influences on his theory of evolution by natural selection. It discusses Aristotle's early ideas about fixed species, the classification systems of Linnaeus, and influential thinkers like Lamarck, Lyell, Malthus, and Cuvier. It then covers Darwin's voyage on the HMS Beagle, his observations of the Galapagos finches, his development of the theory over many years, and the publication of On the Origin of Species in 1859.
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一比一原版(UST毕业证)圣托马斯大学毕业证如何办理
UST毕业证offer【微信95270640】☀《圣托马斯大学毕业证购买》GoogleQ微信95270640《UST毕业证模板办理》加拿大文凭、本科、硕士、研究生学历都可以做,二、业务范围：
★、全套服务：毕业证、成绩单、化学专业毕业证书伪造《圣托马斯大学大学毕业证》Q微信95270640《UST学位证书购买》
文凭办理流程：
1客户提供办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：微信95270640我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。
7完成交易删除客户资料
高精端提供以下服务：
一：圣托马斯大学圣托马斯大学硕士学位证成绩单全套材料从防伪到印刷水印底纹到钢印烫金
二：真实使馆认证（留学人员回国证明）使馆存档
三：真实教育部认证教育部存档教育部留服网站可查
四：留信认证留学生信息网站可查
五：与学校颁发的相关证件1:1纸质尺寸制定（定期向各大院校毕业生购买最新版本毕,业证成绩单保证您拿到的是鲁昂大学内部最新版本毕业证成绩单微信95270640）
A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径但认证只是个体行为不是所有留学生都操作所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单就有了使用价值。乌龟和王八贼头贼脑的倒也逗人喜爱日上三竿时山娃总爱窜进自家瓜棚里跟小伙伴们坐着聊天聊着聊着便忍不住往瓜田里逡巡一番抱起一只硕大的西瓜用石刀劈开抑或用拳头砸开每人抱起一大块就啃啃得满嘴满脸猴屁股般的红艳大家一个劲地指着对方吃吃地笑瓜裂得古怪奇形怪状却丝毫不影响瓜味甜丝丝的满嘴生津遍地都是瓜横七竖八的活像掷满了一地的大石块摘走二三只爷爷是断然发现不了的即便发现爷爷也不恼反而教山娃辨认孰熟孰嫩孰甜孰淡水
定制(cardiff学位证书)英国卡迪夫大学毕业证本科学历原版一模一样
原版定制【微信:bwp0011】《(cardiff学位证书)英国卡迪夫大学毕业证本科学历》【微信:bwp0011】成绩单 、雅思、外壳、留信学历认证永久存档查询，采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信bwp0011】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信bwp0011】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）】
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
ghmc zones and circle and why they are needed
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Dennis%2520 lee%2520wilson
- 1. Dennis Lee Wilson Charles A Darwin 12-11-2013 4th hour:
- 2. Darwin’s Observations: Darwin’s visit to the Galapagos Islands Charles Darwin was born in Shrewsbury, England, on February 12, 1809. In 1831.
- 3. Summary of hotspots/ theory: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hOCf b9ox_90&feature=player_embedded
- 4. How a hotspot creates an island chain:
- 5. Where your island chain is currently located: http://www.soest.hawaii.edu/GG/HCV/ha w_formation.html
- 6. What tectonic plates your island is on/speed: Hotspots are magma-rich locations within the upper mantle that cause volcanic activity in the crust of the earth directly above the hotspots. Hawaii and the Galapagos Islands are prominent examples of hotspot-related land masses.
- 7. Names of islands in the chain: Galapagos For billions of years, nature has flourished here relatively undisturbed. Learn about all things Galapagos, from the incredible wildlife to the dynamic geology and much more.
- 8. Ages of islands in the chain: http://hvo.wr.usgs.gov/volcanowatch/arch ive/2006/06_03_30.html http://pages.uoregon.edu/drt/Research/V olcanic%20Galapagos/presentation.view@ _id=9889959127044&_page=2&_part=0& .html
- 9. History of the island: http://www.google.com/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&frm =1&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CCkQtwIwAA&u rl=http%3A%2F%2Fvideo.nationalgeographic.com%2Fvi deo%2Fplaces%2Fparks-and-nature-places%2Fcoastsandislands%2Fecuador_galapagos%2F&ei=SX2oUvqTL6WE yAHxw4CoBA&usg=AFQjCNHfXd-fdIB6xOPZ2sYC87KxnU_zg&bvm=bv.57799294,d.aWc