Demontisation
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The document discusses demonetization in India. It defines demonetization as when a country's currency is no longer legal tender. In 2016, India demonetized its 500- and 1000-rupee notes to curb black money. This was not the first time India demonetized - it also did so in 1946 and 1978. The goals of demonetization were to counter black money, counterfeiting, and terrorist financing, while formalizing the economy and reducing cash. However, demonetization also had disadvantages like economic slowdown and problems for citizens and low-income groups.
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Demonetization In India
Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced on November 8, 2016 that 500 and 1000 rupee notes would no longer be considered legal tender. This process is known as demonetization, which is the withdrawal of a particular form of currency from circulation. The goals of demonetization included combating corruption, tax evasion, and moving away from a cash-dependent economy. While some supported the move, others struggled in the aftermath as cash became scarce, especially in rural areas where daily wage earners were left with little work and businesses slowed. Some attempted to hide or launder their money through gold purchases, donations, or exploiting bank policies.
Demonetisation and its impact on indian economy
Demonetization in India involved removing Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 currency notes from circulation in November 2016. This was aimed at curbing black money, corruption, terrorism funding, and moving toward a cashless economy. While nearly all demonetized notes were deposited, indicating the failure to remove significant black money, demonetization did increase digitization of the economy. However, it also caused short-term problems like bank lines and cash shortages. Overall, the long-term benefits of a less cash-dependent, more transparent economy are believed to outweigh the short-term costs.
Demonetisation
Demonetization is the act of stripping a currency unit of its status as legal tender. In India, demonetization was announced in November 2016 when ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes were withdrawn as legal tender. The objectives were to curb corruption, counterfeiting, terrorist financing, and discourage a cash economy. While demonetization provided a boost to digital payments and tax revenues in the long run, it also had short term negative impacts like cash shortages, economic slowdown, job losses, and hardship for common citizens and businesses. Banks and the government faced challenges in replenishing cash and managing the transition to a less-cash economy.
The truth behind demonetization
The document discusses the history and rationale behind demonetization and the move towards a cashless economy in India. It notes that high-value banknotes like Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 had increased disproportionately compared to economic growth, and were being used for illicit purposes like money laundering and tax evasion. Demonetization aimed to curb the circulation of such notes and black money. While it had short-term costs, benefits included reducing fake currency, terror funding and inflation. The government also aims to promote digital and cashless transactions through initiatives like Digital India, Aadhaar and the Unified Payments Interface to improve governance and service delivery.
demonetisation
The document discusses India's demonetization of 500 and 1000 rupee notes in November 2016. It provides background on previous demonetizations in India in 1946 and 1978. The goals of the 2016 policy were reducing black money, counterfeiting, and moving toward a cashless economy. The short-term cons included bank lines and cash shortages, while the long-term pros were expected to be greater transparency, reduced corruption, and a more digitized economy. The impact on money supply and demand in different sectors is discussed. Overall the advantages of demonetization are seen as outweighing the short-term difficulties.
DEMONETIZATION IN INDIA.
DEMONETIZATION, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT, ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT,SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT, LEGAL ENVIRONMENT, LIBERALIZATION, PRIVATIZATION, GLOBALIZATION, NEW ECONOMIC POLICY, NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICY, DISINVESTMENT, DIVESTMENT, DIVERSIFICATION, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT, MONETARY POLICY, FISCAL POLICY, FINANCIAL POLICY, INDUSTRIAL POLICY, FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT ACT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE REGULATION ACT, RESERVE BANK OF INDIA ACT, 1934; RECAPITULATION, etc.
Demonetization and its effects on venders
Demonetization negatively impacted many vendors in India. Due to the removal of Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 notes, 50% of vendors did not have bank accounts and 30% only had accounts in their home towns, making exchanging the old notes difficult. While some opened accounts through a government program, 80% of vendors preferred saving cash at home rather than depositing in banks. A majority (50-85%) of vendors faced difficulties withdrawing money from ATMs and using digital payments. The demonetization motivated increased cashless transactions long-term but created significant problems for many unorganized sector workers in the short-term.
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Demonetization In India
Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced on November 8, 2016 that 500 and 1000 rupee notes would no longer be considered legal tender. This process is known as demonetization, which is the withdrawal of a particular form of currency from circulation. The goals of demonetization included combating corruption, tax evasion, and moving away from a cash-dependent economy. While some supported the move, others struggled in the aftermath as cash became scarce, especially in rural areas where daily wage earners were left with little work and businesses slowed. Some attempted to hide or launder their money through gold purchases, donations, or exploiting bank policies.
Demonetisation and its impact on indian economy
Demonetization in India involved removing Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 currency notes from circulation in November 2016. This was aimed at curbing black money, corruption, terrorism funding, and moving toward a cashless economy. While nearly all demonetized notes were deposited, indicating the failure to remove significant black money, demonetization did increase digitization of the economy. However, it also caused short-term problems like bank lines and cash shortages. Overall, the long-term benefits of a less cash-dependent, more transparent economy are believed to outweigh the short-term costs.
Demonetisation
Demonetization is the act of stripping a currency unit of its status as legal tender. In India, demonetization was announced in November 2016 when ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes were withdrawn as legal tender. The objectives were to curb corruption, counterfeiting, terrorist financing, and discourage a cash economy. While demonetization provided a boost to digital payments and tax revenues in the long run, it also had short term negative impacts like cash shortages, economic slowdown, job losses, and hardship for common citizens and businesses. Banks and the government faced challenges in replenishing cash and managing the transition to a less-cash economy.
The truth behind demonetization
The document discusses the history and rationale behind demonetization and the move towards a cashless economy in India. It notes that high-value banknotes like Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 had increased disproportionately compared to economic growth, and were being used for illicit purposes like money laundering and tax evasion. Demonetization aimed to curb the circulation of such notes and black money. While it had short-term costs, benefits included reducing fake currency, terror funding and inflation. The government also aims to promote digital and cashless transactions through initiatives like Digital India, Aadhaar and the Unified Payments Interface to improve governance and service delivery.
demonetisation
The document discusses India's demonetization of 500 and 1000 rupee notes in November 2016. It provides background on previous demonetizations in India in 1946 and 1978. The goals of the 2016 policy were reducing black money, counterfeiting, and moving toward a cashless economy. The short-term cons included bank lines and cash shortages, while the long-term pros were expected to be greater transparency, reduced corruption, and a more digitized economy. The impact on money supply and demand in different sectors is discussed. Overall the advantages of demonetization are seen as outweighing the short-term difficulties.
DEMONETIZATION IN INDIA.
DEMONETIZATION, BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT, ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT, POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT, ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT,SOCIAL ENVIRONMENT, TECHNOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT, LEGAL ENVIRONMENT, LIBERALIZATION, PRIVATIZATION, GLOBALIZATION, NEW ECONOMIC POLICY, NEW INDUSTRIAL POLICY, DISINVESTMENT, DIVESTMENT, DIVERSIFICATION, FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT, FOREIGN INSTITUTIONAL INVESTMENT, MONETARY POLICY, FISCAL POLICY, FINANCIAL POLICY, INDUSTRIAL POLICY, FOREIGN EXCHANGE MANAGEMENT ACT, FOREIGN EXCHANGE REGULATION ACT, RESERVE BANK OF INDIA ACT, 1934; RECAPITULATION, etc.
Demonetization and its effects on venders
Demonetization negatively impacted many vendors in India. Due to the removal of Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 notes, 50% of vendors did not have bank accounts and 30% only had accounts in their home towns, making exchanging the old notes difficult. While some opened accounts through a government program, 80% of vendors preferred saving cash at home rather than depositing in banks. A majority (50-85%) of vendors faced difficulties withdrawing money from ATMs and using digital payments. The demonetization motivated increased cashless transactions long-term but created significant problems for many unorganized sector workers in the short-term.
demonstration in india
On 8 November 2016, the Government of India announced the demonetisation of all ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series.
Presentation on Demonetization in India
this file is uploaded by Pramod Kumar from MIMT
this file is made on the situations of the demonetization. in this file describing in details of related to the demonetization
Demonitisation
The document discusses the history and goals of demonetization in India and other countries. It provides details on India's demonetization initiatives in 1938, 1946, 1954, 1978, 2000, and most recently in 2016 when the 500 and 1000 rupee notes were banned. The major goals of India's 2016 demonetization were to control black money, terrorism, and other illegal activities. While demonetization achieved some goals like increasing tax revenue, it also had short term costs like a reduction in GDP and some job losses and hardships for citizens.
analysis demonetisation in india project
The document is a student project on demonetization in India from 2016. It includes an introduction explaining that ₹500 and ₹1000 notes were demonetized on November 8, 2016. The objectives are to explain demonetization, report on the situation in India during it, and its impact. Tables of contents and sections cover the meaning of demonetization, its objectives like countering black money and terror funding, the chaos and confusion during the period, and both positive and negative economic impacts like a reduction in black money and GDP. In conclusion, the author notes the decision was abrupt and not well-planned regarding cash shortage issues.
Demonetization
Demonetization has both positive and negative impacts that differ depending on perspective. Positively, it aims to curb black money, fake currency, terrorism, and corruption. However, critics argue it was poorly planned and implemented, causing significant short-term hardship by limiting cash and slowing the economy as people and businesses adapted. In the long run, supporters believe demonetization will formalize the economy and boost tax revenue, outweighing short-term costs, while critics doubt its ability to achieve goals like reducing corruption.
economic project.pdf
In present the world is experiencing rapid and increasing use of digital methods of recording, managing and exchanging money in all transactions. With the revolution of Smartphone’s it gives new way to digitalization. It led the society to the emergence of E-commerce, Mcommerce and other services including app-based cab aggregators, who encourage digital payments for use of various services in digitalized form. These major changes in technology space will not only bring changes to economic system but make a revolution to change habit of Indian citizens to adopt digitalization. To support these changes for becoming digital the digital India programme became a flagship programme of government of India with a vision to transform India into a digitally empowered India and gave knowledge of “faceless, paperless and cashless” economy to the Indian society.
Demonitizaion 2016
Demonetization : The Real Effects, Flashback #DeMo 2016, Reasons for Demonetization, Percentage share of denominations before Demonetization, Purpose/Need for Demonetization, Pros & Cons of Demonetization, Benefits of Demonetization (Direct & Indirect), Impact of Demonetization (Short & Long Term), Effect of Demonetization on Indian Economy, Hidden Facts, Reaction on Social Media, Survey @ Local Circle, Impact on Economy – Sector wise, Through the Glasses of Pessimism, Reality Check (example of effect of demonetization), Conclusion.
Demonitisation and its effect on indian economy
Demonetization refers to the Indian government's decision on November 8, 2016 to remove Rs 500 and Rs 1000 banknotes from circulation. This was done to curb black money, corruption, and counterfeit currency. It has led to short-term hardship as over 85% of currency was removed overnight. However, it is expected to have long-term positive impacts by reducing black money, corruption, and use of fake currency to fund illegal activities. While some sectors face liquidity issues in the short-run, in the long-run it may lead to greater financial inclusion, reduced inflation, lower interest rates, and increased tax revenues as more money enters the formal economy. Economists believe that after initial disruptions, demon
Demonetization - Impact on the Indian Financial Market
The document summarizes a student project report on the impact of India's 2016 demonetization on its financial market. The report analyzes secondary data from the government and financial institutions to study how demonetization affected areas like the money market, stock market, banks, insurance, and more. The student found that while short-term impacts on citizens were significant, demonetization ultimately achieved the government's goals of reducing black money and increasing digital transactions.
Demonetisation of rupees
The document discusses the Indian government's decision to demonetize Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 currency notes. It provides background on the increase in fake currency and black money fueling corruption. The government aims to curb these issues by removing the higher denomination notes from circulation. While this creates short-term hardship, the long-term goals are to bring transparency, reduce corruption, and benefit ordinary citizens and the economy. The impacts on various sectors and pros and cons are debated.
2.pptx USKJSIS wjnsjsienejdio3kkkkkjdhdudjcidjifjdidodkauu7bdiwiakixkejidkwks...
2.pptx USKJSIS wjnsjsienejdio3kkkkkjdhdudjcidjifjdidodkauu7bdiwiakixkejidkwks...maheshwarivishwas354
Demonetization involves withdrawing particular currency notes from circulation and discontinuing their use as legal tender. In November 2016, the Indian government demonetized Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 currency notes without warning to curb black money, corruption, and terrorism. This led to a surge in digital payment methods like debit cards, credit cards, e-wallets as people adapted to the cashless economy. While demonetization achieved some objectives like reducing cash in circulation and increasing bank accounts, it also had short term costs like hardship faced by common citizens and disruption to business activities.Demonetisation
The document discusses India's demonetization of 500 and 1000 rupee banknotes in November 2016. It provides background on the meaning of demonetization, India's history with it in 1946 and 1978. It then outlines the key aspects of the 2016 policy including exchanging old notes for new ones, deposit procedures, tax implications for deposited cash, initial reactions from support and criticism, effects like cash shortages and increased e-payments, and evasion attempts through gold, salaries, and donations. In conclusion, it argues the long-term benefits of reducing corruption and black money outweigh short-term costs, and the government must ensure a smooth transition to the new currency.
Impact of demonetization on indian economy.pptx
Demonetization in India aimed to curb black money, counterfeiting, and corruption by removing high-value currency notes from circulation. The 2016 demonetization disrupted businesses and consumer spending, negatively impacting the economy in the short-term. Long-term effects may include increased tax compliance, less cash-reliant transactions, and a more formal economy through digital growth, though full impacts are still debated.
demonetisation
Demonetisation is the act of withdrawing a form of currency from circulation. In November 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 banknotes would be invalid and replaced with new notes to fight black money, terrorism, and push India towards a cashless economy. While demonetisation initially caused cash shortages and economic impacts, these were believed to be short term effects. However, only 99% of the demonetised currency returned to the Reserve Bank of India, as those with unaccounted wealth in other assets were not affected, so demonetisation alone cannot eliminate black money and needs to be coupled with other economic reforms.
Demonitition.ppt
Demonetization in India withdrew ₹500 and ₹1000 currency notes from circulation in November 2016 to curb black money, corruption, and terrorism financing. It led to short term negative impacts like cash short
Demonetisation project=12
This document discusses India's demonetization of 500 and 1000 rupee banknotes in November 2016. It provides background on demonetization, the rationale given by Prime Minister Modi for India's action including fighting corruption and black money. The short-term impacts included cash shortages, economic disruption and job losses. However, proponents argue it will boost formal economic activity and tax collection over the long run. The document also reviews demonetization efforts in other countries and debates the policy's costs and benefits.
Demonetization 14531
This document summarizes a technical report on the impact of India's 2016 demonetization. It provides background on the demonetization, noting that ₹500 and ₹1000 notes made up 86% of cash in circulation. The author's objectives are to study past demonetizations, understand their outcomes, and analyze demonetization's effects and costs/benefits in India. Several studies are reviewed that model demonetization's impacts on GDP, markets, and inflation. Most countries that demonetized struggled with growth declines, but a few like the US and UK recovered after. The success of India's effort depends on behavioral factors and appropriate policy responses.
Eco presentation1.pptx
Demonetization is the act of stripping a currency unit of its status as legal tender and retiring old currency in favor of new notes. India has demonetized its currency three times previously, in 1946, 1978, and most recently in 2016 when PM Modi removed the Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 notes from circulation. The goals of demonetization are to curb black money, fight corruption and terrorism, remove counterfeit currency, and promote digital and cashless transactions. While demonetization achieved some goals like increased tax collection and digital transactions, it also had negative impacts such as job losses and a temporary slowdown in GDP growth.
Demonizaitation_PPT.pptx
Demonetization has had widespread impacts across various sectors in India. In the short term, it has caused a liquidity crunch as 86% of currency was withdrawn without replacement. This has particularly hurt daily wage earners and small traders who rely on cash. Several sectors like agriculture, real estate, and automobiles are experiencing slowdowns due to their reliance on cash transactions. However, demonetization may provide long term benefits by reducing black money and increasing transparency. The banking sector is expected to benefit from a boost in deposits.
MONETARY POLICY
Lehman Brothers was a major global investment bank that filed for bankruptcy in September 2008, contributing to the onset of the late-2000s global financial crisis. Founded in Alabama in 1850, Lehman Brothers grew to become the fourth largest investment bank in the US. However, the bank became heavily involved in subprime mortgage lending and real estate investments, taking on too much risk without sufficient capital or ability to raise cash. When the US housing bubble burst in 2007-2008, Lehman Brothers suffered major losses and lost investor confidence, leading to its bankruptcy filing on September 15, 2008. The collapse sent global financial markets into a tailspin and further deepened the crisis.
Public revenue
This document defines public finance as the income received by the government from taxes, goods and services of public enterprises, and administrative activities like fees and fines. It outlines the key sources of public revenue as being tax revenue and non-tax revenue. Tax revenue is further broken down into direct taxes like income tax that taxpayers directly bear, and indirect taxes like sales tax that can be passed on to consumers. Non-tax revenue includes administrative fees as well as other non-tax sources of government income.
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demonstration in india
On 8 November 2016, the Government of India announced the demonetisation of all ₹500 and ₹1000 banknotes of the Mahatma Gandhi Series.
Presentation on Demonetization in India
this file is uploaded by Pramod Kumar from MIMT
this file is made on the situations of the demonetization. in this file describing in details of related to the demonetization
Demonitisation
The document discusses the history and goals of demonetization in India and other countries. It provides details on India's demonetization initiatives in 1938, 1946, 1954, 1978, 2000, and most recently in 2016 when the 500 and 1000 rupee notes were banned. The major goals of India's 2016 demonetization were to control black money, terrorism, and other illegal activities. While demonetization achieved some goals like increasing tax revenue, it also had short term costs like a reduction in GDP and some job losses and hardships for citizens.
analysis demonetisation in india project
The document is a student project on demonetization in India from 2016. It includes an introduction explaining that ₹500 and ₹1000 notes were demonetized on November 8, 2016. The objectives are to explain demonetization, report on the situation in India during it, and its impact. Tables of contents and sections cover the meaning of demonetization, its objectives like countering black money and terror funding, the chaos and confusion during the period, and both positive and negative economic impacts like a reduction in black money and GDP. In conclusion, the author notes the decision was abrupt and not well-planned regarding cash shortage issues.
Demonetization
Demonetization has both positive and negative impacts that differ depending on perspective. Positively, it aims to curb black money, fake currency, terrorism, and corruption. However, critics argue it was poorly planned and implemented, causing significant short-term hardship by limiting cash and slowing the economy as people and businesses adapted. In the long run, supporters believe demonetization will formalize the economy and boost tax revenue, outweighing short-term costs, while critics doubt its ability to achieve goals like reducing corruption.
economic project.pdf
In present the world is experiencing rapid and increasing use of digital methods of recording, managing and exchanging money in all transactions. With the revolution of Smartphone’s it gives new way to digitalization. It led the society to the emergence of E-commerce, Mcommerce and other services including app-based cab aggregators, who encourage digital payments for use of various services in digitalized form. These major changes in technology space will not only bring changes to economic system but make a revolution to change habit of Indian citizens to adopt digitalization. To support these changes for becoming digital the digital India programme became a flagship programme of government of India with a vision to transform India into a digitally empowered India and gave knowledge of “faceless, paperless and cashless” economy to the Indian society.
Demonitizaion 2016
Demonetization : The Real Effects, Flashback #DeMo 2016, Reasons for Demonetization, Percentage share of denominations before Demonetization, Purpose/Need for Demonetization, Pros & Cons of Demonetization, Benefits of Demonetization (Direct & Indirect), Impact of Demonetization (Short & Long Term), Effect of Demonetization on Indian Economy, Hidden Facts, Reaction on Social Media, Survey @ Local Circle, Impact on Economy – Sector wise, Through the Glasses of Pessimism, Reality Check (example of effect of demonetization), Conclusion.
Demonitisation and its effect on indian economy
Demonetization refers to the Indian government's decision on November 8, 2016 to remove Rs 500 and Rs 1000 banknotes from circulation. This was done to curb black money, corruption, and counterfeit currency. It has led to short-term hardship as over 85% of currency was removed overnight. However, it is expected to have long-term positive impacts by reducing black money, corruption, and use of fake currency to fund illegal activities. While some sectors face liquidity issues in the short-run, in the long-run it may lead to greater financial inclusion, reduced inflation, lower interest rates, and increased tax revenues as more money enters the formal economy. Economists believe that after initial disruptions, demon
Demonetization - Impact on the Indian Financial Market
The document summarizes a student project report on the impact of India's 2016 demonetization on its financial market. The report analyzes secondary data from the government and financial institutions to study how demonetization affected areas like the money market, stock market, banks, insurance, and more. The student found that while short-term impacts on citizens were significant, demonetization ultimately achieved the government's goals of reducing black money and increasing digital transactions.
Demonetisation of rupees
The document discusses the Indian government's decision to demonetize Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 currency notes. It provides background on the increase in fake currency and black money fueling corruption. The government aims to curb these issues by removing the higher denomination notes from circulation. While this creates short-term hardship, the long-term goals are to bring transparency, reduce corruption, and benefit ordinary citizens and the economy. The impacts on various sectors and pros and cons are debated.
2.pptx USKJSIS wjnsjsienejdio3kkkkkjdhdudjcidjifjdidodkauu7bdiwiakixkejidkwks...
2.pptx USKJSIS wjnsjsienejdio3kkkkkjdhdudjcidjifjdidodkauu7bdiwiakixkejidkwks...maheshwarivishwas354
Demonetization involves withdrawing particular currency notes from circulation and discontinuing their use as legal tender. In November 2016, the Indian government demonetized Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 currency notes without warning to curb black money, corruption, and terrorism. This led to a surge in digital payment methods like debit cards, credit cards, e-wallets as people adapted to the cashless economy. While demonetization achieved some objectives like reducing cash in circulation and increasing bank accounts, it also had short term costs like hardship faced by common citizens and disruption to business activities.Demonetisation
The document discusses India's demonetization of 500 and 1000 rupee banknotes in November 2016. It provides background on the meaning of demonetization, India's history with it in 1946 and 1978. It then outlines the key aspects of the 2016 policy including exchanging old notes for new ones, deposit procedures, tax implications for deposited cash, initial reactions from support and criticism, effects like cash shortages and increased e-payments, and evasion attempts through gold, salaries, and donations. In conclusion, it argues the long-term benefits of reducing corruption and black money outweigh short-term costs, and the government must ensure a smooth transition to the new currency.
Impact of demonetization on indian economy.pptx
Demonetization in India aimed to curb black money, counterfeiting, and corruption by removing high-value currency notes from circulation. The 2016 demonetization disrupted businesses and consumer spending, negatively impacting the economy in the short-term. Long-term effects may include increased tax compliance, less cash-reliant transactions, and a more formal economy through digital growth, though full impacts are still debated.
demonetisation
Demonetisation is the act of withdrawing a form of currency from circulation. In November 2016, Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced that Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 banknotes would be invalid and replaced with new notes to fight black money, terrorism, and push India towards a cashless economy. While demonetisation initially caused cash shortages and economic impacts, these were believed to be short term effects. However, only 99% of the demonetised currency returned to the Reserve Bank of India, as those with unaccounted wealth in other assets were not affected, so demonetisation alone cannot eliminate black money and needs to be coupled with other economic reforms.
Demonitition.ppt
Demonetization in India withdrew ₹500 and ₹1000 currency notes from circulation in November 2016 to curb black money, corruption, and terrorism financing. It led to short term negative impacts like cash short
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This document discusses India's demonetization of 500 and 1000 rupee banknotes in November 2016. It provides background on demonetization, the rationale given by Prime Minister Modi for India's action including fighting corruption and black money. The short-term impacts included cash shortages, economic disruption and job losses. However, proponents argue it will boost formal economic activity and tax collection over the long run. The document also reviews demonetization efforts in other countries and debates the policy's costs and benefits.
Demonetization 14531
This document summarizes a technical report on the impact of India's 2016 demonetization. It provides background on the demonetization, noting that ₹500 and ₹1000 notes made up 86% of cash in circulation. The author's objectives are to study past demonetizations, understand their outcomes, and analyze demonetization's effects and costs/benefits in India. Several studies are reviewed that model demonetization's impacts on GDP, markets, and inflation. Most countries that demonetized struggled with growth declines, but a few like the US and UK recovered after. The success of India's effort depends on behavioral factors and appropriate policy responses.
Eco presentation1.pptx
Demonetization is the act of stripping a currency unit of its status as legal tender and retiring old currency in favor of new notes. India has demonetized its currency three times previously, in 1946, 1978, and most recently in 2016 when PM Modi removed the Rs. 500 and Rs. 1000 notes from circulation. The goals of demonetization are to curb black money, fight corruption and terrorism, remove counterfeit currency, and promote digital and cashless transactions. While demonetization achieved some goals like increased tax collection and digital transactions, it also had negative impacts such as job losses and a temporary slowdown in GDP growth.
Demonizaitation_PPT.pptx
Demonetization has had widespread impacts across various sectors in India. In the short term, it has caused a liquidity crunch as 86% of currency was withdrawn without replacement. This has particularly hurt daily wage earners and small traders who rely on cash. Several sectors like agriculture, real estate, and automobiles are experiencing slowdowns due to their reliance on cash transactions. However, demonetization may provide long term benefits by reducing black money and increasing transparency. The banking sector is expected to benefit from a boost in deposits.
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Demonetization - Impact on the Indian Financial Market
Demonetization - Impact on the Indian Financial Market
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MONETARY POLICY
Lehman Brothers was a major global investment bank that filed for bankruptcy in September 2008, contributing to the onset of the late-2000s global financial crisis. Founded in Alabama in 1850, Lehman Brothers grew to become the fourth largest investment bank in the US. However, the bank became heavily involved in subprime mortgage lending and real estate investments, taking on too much risk without sufficient capital or ability to raise cash. When the US housing bubble burst in 2007-2008, Lehman Brothers suffered major losses and lost investor confidence, leading to its bankruptcy filing on September 15, 2008. The collapse sent global financial markets into a tailspin and further deepened the crisis.
Public revenue
This document defines public finance as the income received by the government from taxes, goods and services of public enterprises, and administrative activities like fees and fines. It outlines the key sources of public revenue as being tax revenue and non-tax revenue. Tax revenue is further broken down into direct taxes like income tax that taxpayers directly bear, and indirect taxes like sales tax that can be passed on to consumers. Non-tax revenue includes administrative fees as well as other non-tax sources of government income.
Monetary Policy
Monetary policy manages the money supply in an economy through credit control measures adopted by central banks to achieve goals like full employment, price stability, and economic growth. Central banks use quantitative instruments like changing bank rates, conducting open market operations, and adjusting cash reserve ratios, as well as qualitative instruments such as credit rationing, regulating consumer credit, direct action, and moral suasion. However, monetary policy faces limitations in less developed countries due to factors including large non-monetized sectors, undeveloped money and capital markets, and money not deposited in banks.
Finance function
The finance function involves acquiring and using funds for a business. Traditionally, the main finance function was procuring necessary funds, but the modern approach also includes effective utilization and control of funds.
There are two approaches to understanding the finance function - the traditional approach focused only on raising funds from external sources. The modern approach views finance more broadly, considering both acquiring funds and using them productively, while comparing the cost of raising funds to the returns generated.
Most businesses now follow the modern approach to finance, which takes a more analytical view and emphasizes both long-term financing sources and problems, as well as ensuring the returns from invested funds exceed the costs.
Monetary policy
Monetary policy manages the money supply in an economy through credit control measures adopted by central banks to achieve goals like full employment, price stability, and economic growth. Central banks use quantitative instruments like changing bank rates, conducting open market operations, and adjusting cash reserve ratios, as well as qualitative instruments such as credit rationing, regulating consumer credit, direct action, and moral suasion. However, monetary policy faces limitations in less developed countries including large non-monetized sectors, undeveloped money and capital markets, and money not deposited in banks.
departmental accounting
The document discusses departmental accounting for businesses with multiple departments or trading activities. It notes that large businesses often divide work into departments that each deal with different goods or services. Departmental accounting involves maintaining separate financial records for each department so their individual performance and results can be analyzed. This allows businesses to evaluate department performance, calculate manager compensation accurately, and make decisions about expanding or dropping departments. The document outlines two methods for departmental accounting - maintaining completely separate books for each department or keeping departmental accounts in columnar form within collective books. It also discusses the principles, advantages and objectives of departmental accounting.
Accounting for non profit organisation
Non-profit organizations are formed by promoters to provide social services and activities that enhance public welfare, not to earn profits. They have separate legal identities from their members and trustees manage them. Non-profits prepare annual financial statements including a receipts and payments account showing cash flows, an income and expenditure account in place of a profit and loss statement, and a balance sheet showing assets, liabilities, and capital at a given date. Their main sources of funding are donations and government grants.
Valuation of good will
This document discusses the valuation of goodwill for businesses. Goodwill valuation is used to determine the remaining value of a company if it is purchased, and takes into account factors like reputation, management efficiency, market situation, and competitive advantages. Goodwill needs to be valued in cases like company amalgamation, takeovers, share conversions, and management changes. Key factors that affect goodwill valuation include historical and expected future profits, capital employed, market share, brand position, technology, and relationships. Common methods to value goodwill are the average profits method, super profits method, and capitalization method. These methods calculate goodwill using figures like average profits over several years, super profits above a normal rate of return, and capitalizing average
finance function
The finance function involves both acquiring funds for a business as well as effectively utilizing those funds. Traditionally, the finance function was seen as only procuring external funds from sources like investors. However, the modern approach views finance as both sourcing funds and ensuring those funds are put to productive use in a way that generates returns exceeding their cost. Now most businesses follow the modern approach of integrating acquisition and use of funds within the finance function.
break even analysis
Break-even analysis is a financial tool that helps companies determine the level of sales or production needed to cover total costs. It calculates the point at which revenue equals total costs (fixed and variable). This is known as the break-even point. Fixed costs remain constant regardless of production levels, while variable costs change in relation to production. Break-even analysis is useful for starting a new business or product, changing a business model, and setting price targets. It helps companies make smarter financial decisions and ensure fixed costs are covered.
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The Impact of Work Stress and Digital Literacy on Employee Performance at PT ...
ABSTRACT :This research aims to analyze the correlation between employee work stress and digital literacy
with employee performance at PT Telkom Akses Area Cirebon, both concurrently and partially. Employing a
quantitative approach, the study's objectives are descriptive and causal, adopting a positivist paradigm with a
deductive approach to theory development and a survey research strategy. Findings reveal that work stress
negatively and significantly impacts employee performance, while digital literacy positively and significantly
affects it. Simultaneously, work stress and digital literacy have a positive and significant influence on employee
performance. It is anticipated that company management will devise workload management strategies to
alleviate work stress and assess the implementation of more efficient digital technology to enhance employee
performance.
KEYWORDS -digital literacy, employee performance,job stress, multiple regression analysis, workload
management
快速办理(worcester毕业证书)伍斯特大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(worcester毕业证书)伍斯特大学毕业证PDF成绩单》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
SCHOOL CULTURE ADAPTATION AMONG INDIGENOUS PEOPLES COLLEGE STUDENTS AT A PRIV...
ABSTRACT: This qualitative study investigates the adaption experiences of indigenous college students at the
University of Mindanao, Matina-main campus. Eight major themes emerged, including difficulties with language
proficiency, online learning, classroom interaction, examination systems, grading procedures, school regulations,
resource accessibility, coping mechanisms, and future goals. Implications include the requirement for targeted
language proficiency and technology use support, an understanding of adaption processes, interventions to
improve resource accessibility, and equitable public administration policies. The study underlines the importance
of adaptation in various educational contexts, as well as the role of educators and legislators in creating inclusive
learning environments.
KEYWORDS: indigenous college students, adaptation, educational challenges, coping strategies
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UR BHATTI ACADEMY AND ONLINE COURSES.pdf
UR BHatti Academy dedicated to providing the finest IT courses training in the world. Under the guidance of experienced trainer Usman Rasheed Bhatti, we have established ourselves as a professional online training firm offering unparalleled courses in Pakistan. Our academy is a trailblazer in Dijkot, being the first institute to officially provide training to all students at their preferred schedules, led by real-world industry professionals and Google certified staff.
On Storytelling & Magic Realism in Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children, Shame, and ...
ABSTRACT: Salman Rushdie’s novels are humorous books about serious times. His cosmopolitanism and
hybrid identity allowed him access to multiple cultures, religions, languages, dialects, and various modes of
writing. His style is often classified as magic realism, blending the imaginary with the real. He draws
inspiration from both English literature and Indian classical sources. Throughout his works, there is a lineage of
‘bastards of history’, a carnival of shameful characters scrolling all along his works. Rushdie intertwines fiction
with reality, incorporating intertextual references to Western literature in his texts, and frequently employing
mythology to explore history. This paper focuses on Rushdie’s three novels: Midnight’s Children, Shame, and
Haroun and the Sea of Stories, analyzing his postmodern storytelling techniques that aim to explore human
vices and follies while offering socio-political criticism.
KEYWORDS : Magic Realism, Rushdie, Satire, Storytelling, Transfictional Identities
STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISM
ABSTRACT: Huzhou has rich tourism resources, as early as a considerable development since the reform and
opening up, especially in recent years, Huzhou tourism has ushered in a new period of development
opportunities. At present, Huzhou tourism has become one of the most characteristic tourist cities on the East
China tourism line. With the development of Huzhou City, the tourism industry has been further improved, and
the tourism degree of the whole city has further increased the transformation and upgrading of the tourism
industry. However, the development of tourism in Huzhou City still lags far behind the tourism development of
major cities in East China. This round of research mainly analyzes the current development of tourism in
Huzhou City, on the basis of analyzing the specific situation, pointed out that the current development of
Huzhou tourism problems, and then analyzes these problems one by one, and put forward some specific
solutions, so as to promote the further rapid development of tourism in Huzhou City.
KEYWORDS:Huzhou; Travel; Development
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HMS Facebook Stories All V1 06092024.docx
The conversations on Facebook from the Herringswell Manor School group from 2009 to the first half of 2024
一比一原版(AU毕业证)英国阿伯丁大学毕业证如何办理
AU毕业证文凭证书【微信95270640】《英国阿伯丁大学毕业证书原版制作AU成绩单》【Q微信95270640】《仿制AU毕业证成绩单英国阿伯丁大学学位证书pdf电子图》，A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径，但认证只是个体行为，不是所有留学生都操作，所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的，他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单，就有了使用价值。
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文凭办理流程：
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A.为什么留学生需要操作留信认证?
留信认证全称全国留学生信息服务网认证,隶属于北京中科院。①留信认证门槛条件更低,费用更美丽,并且包过,完单周期短,效率高②留信认证虽然不能去国企,但是一般的公司都没有问题,因为国内很多公司连基本的留学生学历认证都不了解。这对于留学生来说,这就比自己光拿一个证书更有说服力,因为留学学历可以在留信网站上进行查询!
B.为什么我们提供的毕业证成绩单具有使用价值？
查询留服认证是国内鉴别留学生海外学历的唯一途径但认证只是个体行为不是所有留学生都操作所以没有办理认证的留学生的学历在国内也是查询不到的他们也仅仅只有一张文凭。所以这时候我们提供的和学校颁发的一模一样的毕业证成绩单就有了使用价值。却也灵机一动立马仰起头双手拢在嘴边朝楼上大喊：“爸爸爸——有人找——那人一听朝山娃尴尬地笑笑悻悻地走了山娃立马“嘭的一声将铁门锁死心却咚咚地乱跳当山娃跟父亲说起这事时父亲很吃惊抚摸着山娃的头说还好醒得及时要不家早被人掏空了到时连电视也没得看啰不过父亲还是夸山娃能临危不乱随机应变有胆有谋山娃笑笑说那都是书上学的看童话和小说时学的不管如何父亲再也不许山娃敞开门坐到门口了父亲递给山娃钥匙说一出门就将门山
原版制作(Hull毕业证书)赫尔大学毕业证Offer一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(Hull毕业证书)赫尔大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
CYBER SECURITY ENHANCEMENT IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF SIX STATES IN THE NORT...
ABSTRACT: Security plays an important role in human life and endeavors. Securing information and
disseminating are critical challenges in the present day. This study aimed at identifying innovative technologies
that aid cybercrimes and can constitute threats to cybersecurity in North Central (Middle Belt) Nigeria covering
its six States and the FCT Abuja. A survey research design was adopted. The researchers employed the use of
Google form in administering the structured questionnaire. The instruments were faced validated by one expert
each from ICT and security. Cronbach Alpha reliability Coefficient was employed and achieved 0.83 level of
coefficient. The population of the study was 200, comprising 100 undergraduate students from computer science
and Computer/Robotics Education, 80 ICT instructors, technologists and lecturers in the University and
Technical Colleges in the Middle Belt Nigeria using innovative technologies for their daily jobs and 20 officers
of the crime agency such as: Independent Corrupt Practices Commission (ICPC) andEconomic and Financial
Crimes Commission (EFCC). Three research purposes and questions as well as the hypothesis guided the study
on Five (5) point Likert scale. Data collected were analyzed using mean and standard deviation for the three
research questions while three hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significance. Major findings
revealed that serious steps are needed to better secure the cybers against cybercrimes. Motivation, types, threats
and strategies for the prevention of cybercrimes were identified. The study recommends that government,
organizations and individuals should place emphasis on moral development, regular training of its employees,
regular update of software, use strong password, back up data and information, produce strong cybersecurity
policy, install antivirus soft and security surveillance (CCTV) in offices in order to safeguard its employees and
properties from being hacked and vandalized.
KEYWORDS: Cybersecurity, cybercrime, cyberattack, cybercriminal, computer virus, Virtual Private Networks
(VPN).
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Social media marketing: strategy, audience targeting, content creation, engagement, paid advertising, analytics, adaptation, relationship building, authenticity, optimization.
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra Vinh
ABSTRACT: Motivation plays an important role in foreign language learning process. This study aimed to
investigate student’s motivation patterns towards English language learning at a University in Tra Vinh, and factors
affecting their motivation change toward English language learning of non-English-major students in the semester.
The researcher used semi-structured interview at the first phase of choosing the participants and writing reflection
through the instrument called “My English Learning Motivation History” adapted from Sawyer (2007) to collect
qualitative data within 15 weeks. The participants consisted of nine first year non-English-major students who learning
General English at pre-intermediate level. They were chosen and divided into three groups of three members each
(high motivation group; average motivation group; and low motivation group). The results of the present study
identified six visual motivation patterns of three groups of students with different motivation fluctuation, through the
use of cluster analysis. The study also indicated a diversity of factors affecting students’ motivation involving internal
factors as influencing factors (cognitive, psychology, and emotion) and external factors as social factors (instructor,
peers, family, and learning environment) during English language learning in a period of 15 weeks. The findings of
the study helped teacher understand relationship of motivation change and its influential factors. Furthermore, the
findings also inspired next research about motivation development in learning English process.
KEY WORDS: language learning motivation, motivation change, motivation patterns, influential factors, students’
motivation.
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Iconic Logix | Best Digital Marketing Agency For Iconic Success
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STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT STRATEGY OF HUZHOU TOURISM
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CYBER SECURITY ENHANCEMENT IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF SIX STATES IN THE NORT...
CYBER SECURITY ENHANCEMENT IN NIGERIA. A CASE STUDY OF SIX STATES IN THE NORT...
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra Vinh
Factors affecting undergraduate students’ motivation at a university in Tra Vinh
Demontisation
- 3. MEANING AND CONCEPT Demonetization is an economic process in which a country’s currency unit is no longer legal tender. A currency unit is what we would commonly refer to as physical money, such as banknotes and coins. When demonetization occurs, the country’s currency unit is essentially worthless, as it can no longer be used to purchase goods and services. Demonetization can occur for several reasons, from a change in national currency to the retirement of older forms of money
- 4. Demonetization In India • On November 8, 2016, led by PM Narendra Modi, the government of India announced the withdrawal of 1000- and 500-rupee notes from circulation. The government also announced the issuance of new 500- and 2000-rupee notes in exchange for the demonetized notes.
- 5. HISTORY OF DEMONITISATION IN INDIA The 2016 Demonetization was the largest one of its kind in India, but it was not the first. • In 1946, the Reserve Bank of India demonetized 1000- and 10000-rupee notes, as these were under-circulated at that time. • In 1978, under PM Morarji Desai, the government demonetized 1000, 5000, and 10000 rupee notes in order to curb the menace of black money.
- 6. REASONS • To tackle the menace of black money/parallel economy/shadow economy • To counter the menace of counterfeit currency • To prevent the cash being used for terrorist activities/terror funding • Governments may choose to undergo demonetization if the currency gets out of control, due to problems like hyperinflation.
- 7. OBJECTIVES • 1. To stop the circulation of black money in the market. • 2. To help in reducing the interest rates of the prevalent banking system • 3. To help in creation of cashless economy • 4. To formalize the informal Indian Economy. • 5. To remove counterfeit notes from the market. • 6. To help reduce anti-social activities and their finances
- 8. Advantages • Reduces various criminal activities • Increase in Tax Collection • Promotes a cashless economy • Reduced liability for the Government • Increased GDP levels • Black Money tracking • Improved deposits and savings in financial institutions
- 9. Disadvantages • Incurs costs from printing new banknotes and minting of coins • Can trigger chaos among citizens • May not entirely reduce criminal activity • Little cash in circulation • Slowdown in Economic Growth • Problems with paying bills
- 10. DEMONTIZATION AFFECTING THE POOR • Market vendors had to shut down their shops • The ban of the 500 and 1,000 rupee bills has tremendously affected migrant labor workers • Demonetization has also negatively impacted small business owners who serve food on streets • The low-income, working class people suffer from the new policy • Demonetization in India has also negatively affected daily-wage workers
- 11. SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND MANAGEMENT INTERNATIONAL BANKING AND FINANCIAL SERVICE Naveen Singh Bcom Honors 1st year (EAFM)