This document discusses the growing cyber threats facing organizations today. It notes that as organizations increasingly operate online and digitize their services and information, cyber attacks have risen in scale and sophistication. The document outlines the main types of cyber attacks, including financial crime, espionage, warfare, terrorism, and activism. It emphasizes that effective cyber security requires looking outward beyond organizational boundaries and increasing collaboration between businesses and government. However, the document notes that public-private collaboration on cyber security has not been fully effective so far. Overall, the document argues that as threats in cyberspace escalate, secure information has become a key source of power, and cyber security is a major risk issue that organizations must address.
The document discusses the growing threat of cyber attacks facing all organizations. It notes that no organization is safe from attacks, which are increasing in scale and sophistication. Some key points made include:
- Cyber attacks range from financially motivated crime to espionage to activism and warfare, with financial crime being the most commonly experienced by organizations.
- The boundary-less nature of cyber space and low costs of attacks relative to their impact make threats unpredictable and difficult to defend against.
- Effective cyber security requires looking outward beyond organizational boundaries and increasing collaboration both within sectors and between public and private sectors. However, collaboration is still not working effectively.
- Understanding online business models and protecting the data that represents organizational value are both critical
Preparing today for tomorrow’s threats.
When companies hear the word “security,” what concepts come to mind
— safety, protection or perhaps comfort? To the average IT administrator,
security conjures up images of locked-down networks and virus-free devices.
An attacker, state-sponsored agent or hactivist, meanwhile, may view security
as a way to demonstrate expertise by infiltrating and bringing down corporate
or government networks for profit, military goals, political gain — or even fun.
We live in a world in which cybercrime is on the rise. A quick scan of the
timeline of major incidents (See Figure 1, Page 9) shows the increasing
frequency and severity of security breaches — a pattern that is likely
to continue for years to come. Few if any organizations are safe from
cybercriminals, to say nothing of national security. In fact, experts even
exposed authentication and encryption vulnerabilities in the U.S. Federal
Aviation Administration’s new state-of-the-art multibillion-dollar air
traffic control system
Online security – an assessment of the newsunnyjoshi88
This document discusses online security risks and recommendations. It begins with definitions of online security, information security, information warfare, and internet security risk. It then reviews literature finding increasing dependence on the internet, expansion of criminal activity online like identity theft, and growing demand for cybersecurity specialists. Specific examples of data breaches at major organizations are provided. The document recommends a multi-layered approach to online security including collaboration between governments, businesses, and individuals. It also recommends businesses reconsider security strategies with trends like cloud computing and social media increasing risk.
This document discusses security threats that companies will face in 2020. It notes that cybercrime is increasing in frequency and severity. Emerging threats include the growth of connected devices and societies, vulnerabilities in medical devices, increased machine-to-machine interactions, reliance on mobile devices, growth of cloud services, and risks around big data. The document warns that security needs to protect all aspects of the enterprise from the data center to mobile devices and beyond. Adversaries are increasingly sophisticated and companies must manage security risks in a connected world.
RSA provides cybersecurity solutions such as threat detection, identity and access management, and fraud prevention to nearly half of global Fortune 500 companies. The document discusses the growing need for cybersecurity and skills in the UK, highlighting challenges like phishing attacks, ransomware, and the importance of continuous training and updated systems. It provides tips from security experts on how companies can better protect themselves and tackle the shortage of cybersecurity skills.
The document discusses the growing threat of cybercrime in today's digital world and efforts to combat it. Key points:
- Cybercrime has become a highly profitable global business, with criminals trading stolen identities, financial data, and tools for attacks.
- Effective defense requires cooperation across individuals, businesses, governments, and educational institutions to share information and resources.
- Technology companies are working to provide stronger security through more sophisticated yet easy-to-use products and services.
- The appointment of a U.S. cybersecurity czar and increased public-private partnerships will help coordinate responses to cyber threats.
Symantec Internet Security Threat Report 2011 Trends Volume 17 April 2012Symantec
Symantec's 2011 Internet Security Threat Report, Volume 17 shows that while the number of vulnerabilities decreased by 20 percent, the number of malicious attacks continued to skyrocket by 81 percent. In addition, the report highlights that advanced targeted attacks are spreading to organizations of all sizes and variety of personnel, data breaches are increasing, and that attackers are focusing on mobile threats.
Symantec's Internet Security Threat Report, Volume 18 revealed a 42 percent surge during 2012 in targeted attacks compared to the prior year. Designed to steal intellectual property, these targeted cyberespionage attacks are increasingly hitting the manufacturing sector as well as small businesses, which are the target of 31 percent of these attacks. Small businesses are attractive targets themselves and a way in to ultimately reach larger companies via “watering hole” techniques. In addition, consumers remain vulnerable to ransomware and mobile threats, particularly on the Android platform.
The document discusses the growing threat of cyber attacks facing all organizations. It notes that no organization is safe from attacks, which are increasing in scale and sophistication. Some key points made include:
- Cyber attacks range from financially motivated crime to espionage to activism and warfare, with financial crime being the most commonly experienced by organizations.
- The boundary-less nature of cyber space and low costs of attacks relative to their impact make threats unpredictable and difficult to defend against.
- Effective cyber security requires looking outward beyond organizational boundaries and increasing collaboration both within sectors and between public and private sectors. However, collaboration is still not working effectively.
- Understanding online business models and protecting the data that represents organizational value are both critical
Preparing today for tomorrow’s threats.
When companies hear the word “security,” what concepts come to mind
— safety, protection or perhaps comfort? To the average IT administrator,
security conjures up images of locked-down networks and virus-free devices.
An attacker, state-sponsored agent or hactivist, meanwhile, may view security
as a way to demonstrate expertise by infiltrating and bringing down corporate
or government networks for profit, military goals, political gain — or even fun.
We live in a world in which cybercrime is on the rise. A quick scan of the
timeline of major incidents (See Figure 1, Page 9) shows the increasing
frequency and severity of security breaches — a pattern that is likely
to continue for years to come. Few if any organizations are safe from
cybercriminals, to say nothing of national security. In fact, experts even
exposed authentication and encryption vulnerabilities in the U.S. Federal
Aviation Administration’s new state-of-the-art multibillion-dollar air
traffic control system
Online security – an assessment of the newsunnyjoshi88
This document discusses online security risks and recommendations. It begins with definitions of online security, information security, information warfare, and internet security risk. It then reviews literature finding increasing dependence on the internet, expansion of criminal activity online like identity theft, and growing demand for cybersecurity specialists. Specific examples of data breaches at major organizations are provided. The document recommends a multi-layered approach to online security including collaboration between governments, businesses, and individuals. It also recommends businesses reconsider security strategies with trends like cloud computing and social media increasing risk.
This document discusses security threats that companies will face in 2020. It notes that cybercrime is increasing in frequency and severity. Emerging threats include the growth of connected devices and societies, vulnerabilities in medical devices, increased machine-to-machine interactions, reliance on mobile devices, growth of cloud services, and risks around big data. The document warns that security needs to protect all aspects of the enterprise from the data center to mobile devices and beyond. Adversaries are increasingly sophisticated and companies must manage security risks in a connected world.
RSA provides cybersecurity solutions such as threat detection, identity and access management, and fraud prevention to nearly half of global Fortune 500 companies. The document discusses the growing need for cybersecurity and skills in the UK, highlighting challenges like phishing attacks, ransomware, and the importance of continuous training and updated systems. It provides tips from security experts on how companies can better protect themselves and tackle the shortage of cybersecurity skills.
The document discusses the growing threat of cybercrime in today's digital world and efforts to combat it. Key points:
- Cybercrime has become a highly profitable global business, with criminals trading stolen identities, financial data, and tools for attacks.
- Effective defense requires cooperation across individuals, businesses, governments, and educational institutions to share information and resources.
- Technology companies are working to provide stronger security through more sophisticated yet easy-to-use products and services.
- The appointment of a U.S. cybersecurity czar and increased public-private partnerships will help coordinate responses to cyber threats.
Symantec Internet Security Threat Report 2011 Trends Volume 17 April 2012Symantec
Symantec's 2011 Internet Security Threat Report, Volume 17 shows that while the number of vulnerabilities decreased by 20 percent, the number of malicious attacks continued to skyrocket by 81 percent. In addition, the report highlights that advanced targeted attacks are spreading to organizations of all sizes and variety of personnel, data breaches are increasing, and that attackers are focusing on mobile threats.
Symantec's Internet Security Threat Report, Volume 18 revealed a 42 percent surge during 2012 in targeted attacks compared to the prior year. Designed to steal intellectual property, these targeted cyberespionage attacks are increasingly hitting the manufacturing sector as well as small businesses, which are the target of 31 percent of these attacks. Small businesses are attractive targets themselves and a way in to ultimately reach larger companies via “watering hole” techniques. In addition, consumers remain vulnerable to ransomware and mobile threats, particularly on the Android platform.
This document outlines the need for organizations to develop cyber resilience in the face of growing cyber threats. It discusses four trends - democratization, consumerization, externalization, and digitization - that are increasing cyber risks. It also notes that the human element is often the weakest link in cyber security. The document argues that as cyber threats become more sophisticated and organizations more interconnected, a traditional focus on security tools and firewalls is not sufficient - organizations need to develop a security culture that includes all employees to effectively manage growing cyber risks.
The presentation by Beza Belayneh highlights the clear and present danger of information warfare to corporations. It provides numerous examples of recent attacks where hackers compromised critical systems, stole data, and caused major financial losses. These include infections of medical devices, breaches of US infrastructure networks, and organized cybercrime resulting in stolen records. Belayneh emphasizes that these threats are no longer just issues for the military, and that businesses must recognize information warfare as a serious risk, given their growing digital dependencies. The presentation aims to educate corporate leaders and security managers on information warfare tactics, tools, and the need to develop both offensive and defensive strategies to protect critical information assets from these expanding threats.
1) Computers will never be completely secure due to the immense complexity of software and the many potential vulnerabilities across entire technology supply chains.
2) The risks of computer insecurity are growing as computers are integrated into more physical systems like cars, medical devices, and household appliances through the "Internet of Things".
3) While technical solutions can help, the incentives for companies to prioritize security are often weak, and economic and policy tools may be needed to better manage cyber risks, such as through regulation, liability standards, and cybersecurity insurance.
Cyber Threat to Public Safety CommunicationsKory Edwards
This document discusses cyber threats to public safety communications systems. It summarizes that since 9/11, increased connectivity and interoperability between systems has created more potential access points for cyber attacks. Specific vulnerabilities discussed include next generation 911 systems relying on IP networks, reliance on cellular networks using LTE and VOIP, and a shortage of cybersecurity professionals. Potential solutions proposed include using fusion center networks to communicate crisis information over separate internet-based systems rather than agency networks.
It seems like every week there's a new high-profile data breach that takes over news headlines. The quickly changing cyber landscape makes forecasting potential threats difficult. Here are some cybersecurity trends to watch in 2019.
Public Relations Campaign for SecureWorks for IMC 618: PR Concepts & Strategy. Campaign is focused on increasing brand awareness among both big and small businesses as well as potential investors.
Five Network Security Threats And How To Protect Your Business Wp101112Erik Ginalick
The document discusses 5 of the most costly network security threats faced by enterprises: 1) botnets, 2) phishing, 3) malware, 4) distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, and 5) increasingly sophisticated attacks. It recommends implementing key layers of control through network perimeter protections, cloud-based security services, mobile device security, and partnering with a managed security provider to help prevent threats and do more with less.
Hacking Municipal Government Best Practices for Protection of Sensitive Loc...Ben Griffith
1. Local governments are increasingly being targeted by cyber attacks as more infrastructure becomes internet-
connected. This exposes sensitive data and critical systems to risks.
2. State and local governments are often unprepared to deal with cybersecurity threats due to a lack of skilled
personnel and budgetary resources. They also may not adequately share intelligence about threats.
3. The annual cost of cyber attacks on businesses alone is estimated to be between $400-500 billion. Securing critical
infrastructure like power grids against cyber threats will require tremendous resources, with some projections
putting worldwide annual cybersecurity costs at trillions of dollars by 2020.
Etude PwC/CIO/CSO sur la sécurité de l'information (2014)PwC France
http://bit.ly/Cybersecurite-sept14
Etude mondiale de PwC, CIO et CSO réalisée en ligne du 27 mars 2014 au 25 mai 2014. Les résultats présentés ici sont fondés sur les réponses de plus de 9700 CEO, CFO, CIO, RSSI, les OSC, les vice-présidents et des directeurs de l'information et des pratiques de sécurité de plus de 154 pays.
35 % des répondants sont d'Amérique du Nord, 34 % d'Europe, 14 % d'Asie-Pacifique, 13 % en Amérique du Sud, et 4 % du Moyen-Orient et d’Afrique.
The document discusses cyber security threats and vulnerabilities. It provides statistics on malware attacks, vulnerable areas when online, and costs of cyber crimes. Emerging technologies like moving target and remote agent technologies are aimed to constantly change networks and monitor security, but collective global measures are still needed to maximize security as cyber attacks can significantly impact individuals, organizations, and entire economies.
The 5 Biggest Cybersecurity Trends In 2020 Everyone Should Know AboutBernard Marr
The vital role that cybersecurity plays in protecting our privacy, rights, freedoms, and everything up to and including our physical safety will be more prominent than ever during 2020.
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses the importance of cyber security as technology becomes integrated into daily life. It covers topics like cyber warfare, encryption, and the effects on e-commerce. Promoting cyber security is important as hackers can steal valuable information from corporations and use software to enable crimes like fraud.
1) Three trends were identified in cybersecurity for 2016: cybersecurity going mainstream; social media hacking escalating; and 2016 being a year of security training and certifications.
2) As technology evolves, cybersecurity will continue to grow mainstream. However, social media hacking poses a continued threat as hackers try new tactics to outsmart security professionals.
3) In response, security training and certification opportunities are increasing to broaden knowledge and help reduce attacks, though training and awareness efforts must continue going forward.
The document discusses the growing security challenges faced by organizations and the need to close the gap between security (SecOps) and IT operations teams. It notes that the volume and complexity of cyberattacks have increased significantly. However, current security tools, processes, and teams are often unable to keep up due to a lack of integration and coordination between security and operations groups. This results in security vulnerabilities not being addressed quickly enough, leading to potential data breaches and other security incidents. The document argues that automating security and operations workflows can help eliminate inefficiencies and prioritize the remediation of the most critical issues.
The document discusses the evolving cyber threat landscape and the need for organizations to take a proactive approach to cyber security. It outlines how cyber attacks have advanced from disruptive worms to sophisticated, targeted attacks from well-resourced state actors, hacktivists, and criminals seeking intellectual property, money, or political goals. The threats are constantly changing and can damage an organization's reputation, finances, and competitive advantage. To address these evolving threats, the document argues that cyber security needs to move beyond IT and become a whole-of-organization priority requiring strategic engagement from boards and executives.
The study provides valuable insight into the change in agency investment, awareness, and support for cybersecurity – as well as the challenges and barriers faced in achieving these goals.
Notable Takeaways:
• Financial Risks: According to a 2016 BetaNews article, “the total average cost of a data breach is now put at $6.53M, which includes $3.72M in lost business. Forensic investigations can cost up to $2,000 an hour, and the average annual salary of a security engineer is $92,000. With these high costs, proper preventative attack measures and cybersecurity insurance are crucial for the financial safety of organizations
• Employee Risks: A sizeable percentage of local agencies responded to never having taken cybersecurity awareness training for citizens (71.4%), contractors (61.9%), and local elected officials (50.1%). Given that human error creates vulnerabilities for breaches through targeted attacks like spear-phishing – employee education, RBAC measures, and RMS are of critical importance for agencies.
• What Agencies Want: The top three actions that were recommended by the respondents of the study were (1) Higher funding for cybersecurity; (2) Better cybersecurity polices; and (3) Greater cybersecurity awareness among employees in their local governments.
This document summarizes cyber risks and data breaches. It discusses the growing threat of cyber crime and costs of data breaches. Mandatory breach disclosure laws have significantly increased costs for US companies, with the average data breach costing $7.2 million compared to $1.9 million in the UK without such laws. Examples of large breaches include Sony, which suffered a breach of 77 million user records costing an estimated $171 million. The document examines risks like hacking, theft, and human error, as well as emerging issues around cloud computing and mobile devices.
Este documento descreve a atuação de Cláudio Filho como diretor de relações institucionais da Odebrecht e seus relacionamentos com políticos no Congresso Nacional entre 2004-2014. Ele detalha sua agenda de manutenção de contatos com parlamentares estratégicos e apoio a projetos de interesse da empresa, incluindo pagamentos em troca de apoio legislativo. O documento também lista eventos legislativos específicos nos quais houve envolvimento de políticos mediante pagamentos.
O documento descreve vulnerabilidades detectadas no software da urna eletrônica brasileira, incluindo a capacidade de recuperar votos em ordem através de produtos públicos da eleição e conhecimento superficial do código-fonte. Também aponta fragilidades no processo de desenvolvimento do software, como a falta de auditoria externa suficiente e formulação equivocada do modelo de atacante. Sugere que é necessária revisão completa dos processos de desenvolvimento para estabelecer boas práticas de segurança.
This document outlines the need for organizations to develop cyber resilience in the face of growing cyber threats. It discusses four trends - democratization, consumerization, externalization, and digitization - that are increasing cyber risks. It also notes that the human element is often the weakest link in cyber security. The document argues that as cyber threats become more sophisticated and organizations more interconnected, a traditional focus on security tools and firewalls is not sufficient - organizations need to develop a security culture that includes all employees to effectively manage growing cyber risks.
The presentation by Beza Belayneh highlights the clear and present danger of information warfare to corporations. It provides numerous examples of recent attacks where hackers compromised critical systems, stole data, and caused major financial losses. These include infections of medical devices, breaches of US infrastructure networks, and organized cybercrime resulting in stolen records. Belayneh emphasizes that these threats are no longer just issues for the military, and that businesses must recognize information warfare as a serious risk, given their growing digital dependencies. The presentation aims to educate corporate leaders and security managers on information warfare tactics, tools, and the need to develop both offensive and defensive strategies to protect critical information assets from these expanding threats.
1) Computers will never be completely secure due to the immense complexity of software and the many potential vulnerabilities across entire technology supply chains.
2) The risks of computer insecurity are growing as computers are integrated into more physical systems like cars, medical devices, and household appliances through the "Internet of Things".
3) While technical solutions can help, the incentives for companies to prioritize security are often weak, and economic and policy tools may be needed to better manage cyber risks, such as through regulation, liability standards, and cybersecurity insurance.
Cyber Threat to Public Safety CommunicationsKory Edwards
This document discusses cyber threats to public safety communications systems. It summarizes that since 9/11, increased connectivity and interoperability between systems has created more potential access points for cyber attacks. Specific vulnerabilities discussed include next generation 911 systems relying on IP networks, reliance on cellular networks using LTE and VOIP, and a shortage of cybersecurity professionals. Potential solutions proposed include using fusion center networks to communicate crisis information over separate internet-based systems rather than agency networks.
It seems like every week there's a new high-profile data breach that takes over news headlines. The quickly changing cyber landscape makes forecasting potential threats difficult. Here are some cybersecurity trends to watch in 2019.
Public Relations Campaign for SecureWorks for IMC 618: PR Concepts & Strategy. Campaign is focused on increasing brand awareness among both big and small businesses as well as potential investors.
Five Network Security Threats And How To Protect Your Business Wp101112Erik Ginalick
The document discusses 5 of the most costly network security threats faced by enterprises: 1) botnets, 2) phishing, 3) malware, 4) distributed denial of service (DDoS) attacks, and 5) increasingly sophisticated attacks. It recommends implementing key layers of control through network perimeter protections, cloud-based security services, mobile device security, and partnering with a managed security provider to help prevent threats and do more with less.
Hacking Municipal Government Best Practices for Protection of Sensitive Loc...Ben Griffith
1. Local governments are increasingly being targeted by cyber attacks as more infrastructure becomes internet-
connected. This exposes sensitive data and critical systems to risks.
2. State and local governments are often unprepared to deal with cybersecurity threats due to a lack of skilled
personnel and budgetary resources. They also may not adequately share intelligence about threats.
3. The annual cost of cyber attacks on businesses alone is estimated to be between $400-500 billion. Securing critical
infrastructure like power grids against cyber threats will require tremendous resources, with some projections
putting worldwide annual cybersecurity costs at trillions of dollars by 2020.
Etude PwC/CIO/CSO sur la sécurité de l'information (2014)PwC France
http://bit.ly/Cybersecurite-sept14
Etude mondiale de PwC, CIO et CSO réalisée en ligne du 27 mars 2014 au 25 mai 2014. Les résultats présentés ici sont fondés sur les réponses de plus de 9700 CEO, CFO, CIO, RSSI, les OSC, les vice-présidents et des directeurs de l'information et des pratiques de sécurité de plus de 154 pays.
35 % des répondants sont d'Amérique du Nord, 34 % d'Europe, 14 % d'Asie-Pacifique, 13 % en Amérique du Sud, et 4 % du Moyen-Orient et d’Afrique.
The document discusses cyber security threats and vulnerabilities. It provides statistics on malware attacks, vulnerable areas when online, and costs of cyber crimes. Emerging technologies like moving target and remote agent technologies are aimed to constantly change networks and monitor security, but collective global measures are still needed to maximize security as cyber attacks can significantly impact individuals, organizations, and entire economies.
The 5 Biggest Cybersecurity Trends In 2020 Everyone Should Know AboutBernard Marr
The vital role that cybersecurity plays in protecting our privacy, rights, freedoms, and everything up to and including our physical safety will be more prominent than ever during 2020.
This summary provides the key points from the document in 3 sentences:
The document discusses the importance of cyber security as technology becomes integrated into daily life. It covers topics like cyber warfare, encryption, and the effects on e-commerce. Promoting cyber security is important as hackers can steal valuable information from corporations and use software to enable crimes like fraud.
1) Three trends were identified in cybersecurity for 2016: cybersecurity going mainstream; social media hacking escalating; and 2016 being a year of security training and certifications.
2) As technology evolves, cybersecurity will continue to grow mainstream. However, social media hacking poses a continued threat as hackers try new tactics to outsmart security professionals.
3) In response, security training and certification opportunities are increasing to broaden knowledge and help reduce attacks, though training and awareness efforts must continue going forward.
The document discusses the growing security challenges faced by organizations and the need to close the gap between security (SecOps) and IT operations teams. It notes that the volume and complexity of cyberattacks have increased significantly. However, current security tools, processes, and teams are often unable to keep up due to a lack of integration and coordination between security and operations groups. This results in security vulnerabilities not being addressed quickly enough, leading to potential data breaches and other security incidents. The document argues that automating security and operations workflows can help eliminate inefficiencies and prioritize the remediation of the most critical issues.
The document discusses the evolving cyber threat landscape and the need for organizations to take a proactive approach to cyber security. It outlines how cyber attacks have advanced from disruptive worms to sophisticated, targeted attacks from well-resourced state actors, hacktivists, and criminals seeking intellectual property, money, or political goals. The threats are constantly changing and can damage an organization's reputation, finances, and competitive advantage. To address these evolving threats, the document argues that cyber security needs to move beyond IT and become a whole-of-organization priority requiring strategic engagement from boards and executives.
The study provides valuable insight into the change in agency investment, awareness, and support for cybersecurity – as well as the challenges and barriers faced in achieving these goals.
Notable Takeaways:
• Financial Risks: According to a 2016 BetaNews article, “the total average cost of a data breach is now put at $6.53M, which includes $3.72M in lost business. Forensic investigations can cost up to $2,000 an hour, and the average annual salary of a security engineer is $92,000. With these high costs, proper preventative attack measures and cybersecurity insurance are crucial for the financial safety of organizations
• Employee Risks: A sizeable percentage of local agencies responded to never having taken cybersecurity awareness training for citizens (71.4%), contractors (61.9%), and local elected officials (50.1%). Given that human error creates vulnerabilities for breaches through targeted attacks like spear-phishing – employee education, RBAC measures, and RMS are of critical importance for agencies.
• What Agencies Want: The top three actions that were recommended by the respondents of the study were (1) Higher funding for cybersecurity; (2) Better cybersecurity polices; and (3) Greater cybersecurity awareness among employees in their local governments.
This document summarizes cyber risks and data breaches. It discusses the growing threat of cyber crime and costs of data breaches. Mandatory breach disclosure laws have significantly increased costs for US companies, with the average data breach costing $7.2 million compared to $1.9 million in the UK without such laws. Examples of large breaches include Sony, which suffered a breach of 77 million user records costing an estimated $171 million. The document examines risks like hacking, theft, and human error, as well as emerging issues around cloud computing and mobile devices.
Este documento descreve a atuação de Cláudio Filho como diretor de relações institucionais da Odebrecht e seus relacionamentos com políticos no Congresso Nacional entre 2004-2014. Ele detalha sua agenda de manutenção de contatos com parlamentares estratégicos e apoio a projetos de interesse da empresa, incluindo pagamentos em troca de apoio legislativo. O documento também lista eventos legislativos específicos nos quais houve envolvimento de políticos mediante pagamentos.
O documento descreve vulnerabilidades detectadas no software da urna eletrônica brasileira, incluindo a capacidade de recuperar votos em ordem através de produtos públicos da eleição e conhecimento superficial do código-fonte. Também aponta fragilidades no processo de desenvolvimento do software, como a falta de auditoria externa suficiente e formulação equivocada do modelo de atacante. Sugere que é necessária revisão completa dos processos de desenvolvimento para estabelecer boas práticas de segurança.
The document summarizes the key findings of a 2016 study on the cost of data breaches in Brazil conducted by IBM and Ponemon Institute. Some of the main findings include:
- The average per capita cost of a data breach for Brazilian companies increased significantly from R$175 to R$225. The total average organizational cost also rose from R$3.96 million to R$4.31 million.
- Malicious attacks were the leading cause of data breaches and had the highest per capita cost at R$256, followed by system glitches at R$211 and employee negligence at R$200.
- Certain industries like services, energy and financial services saw higher per capita costs above the
A maioria dos participantes respondeu que o evento foi útil para sua formação profissional (99%) e que a estrutura administrativa atendeu às expectativas (98%). Quase todos gostariam que o evento fosse realizado novamente (97%) e a maioria sente que seu órgão ainda tem muito a aprender sobre o tema (88,78%). A avaliação geral do evento foi positiva, com 80% classificando como ótimo ou muito bom.
The Global Risks 2012 report from the World Economic Forum analyzes 50 global risks across five categories based on a survey of 469 experts from various sectors. The report emphasizes how certain combinations of global risks may interact rather than focusing on single risks, highlighting three specific cases showing how risks could combine to significantly threaten societies and economies over the next decade. Key discussion questions are also included for each case to help decision-makers evaluate complex risk events and respond proactively.
O objetivo deste levantamento é identificar os riscos mais relevantes em contratações de serviços
de Tecnologia da Informação (TI) sob o modelo de computação em nuvem, considerando os critérios da
legislação brasileira, e elaborar modelo de matriz de procedimentos e de achados para futuras
fiscalizações. Para tanto, a equipe de fiscalização buscou aprofundar o conhecimento do assunto,
adentrar nas peculiaridades da legislação nacional e adaptar critérios de auditoria internacionais a
requisitos específicos da APF.
1. O documento fornece diretrizes sobre boas práticas de segurança cibernética para empresas.
2. Ele aborda tópicos como regulamento interno de segurança, classificação de informações, uso de senhas, armazenamento em nuvem e incidentes de segurança.
3. As diretrizes tem o objetivo de aprimorar a segurança no ambiente de trabalho e fornecer orientações para proteger informações corporativas.
The document discusses the growing cyber threats facing organizations from both private and state actors. It notes that cyber attacks are increasing in scale and sophistication, with no organization considered completely safe. Effective cyber security requires an outward-looking approach that crosses organizational and national boundaries through increased collaboration between both public and private sectors. However, many organizations still face barriers to effective cyber security including a need for new skills, integrating security into business operations, and a lack of board-level understanding and prioritization of the issues.
The Future of Security in Australia: a Think Tank Report by BlackBerry. This white paper from BlackBerry, the mobile-native software and services company dedicated to securing the Enterprise of Things, features the analysis and thoughts from a 10-expert roundtable late last year looking at trends in cyber and mobile security.
WSIS10 Action Line C5 Building Confidence and Security in the use of ICT'sDr Lendy Spires
While progress has been made in cybersecurity education, reducing spam, and increasing secure online transactions and incident response capabilities, international cooperation remains fragmented and several challenges remain. Key ongoing challenges include the evolution of technologies and applications, weaknesses in user authentication like passwords, securing the growing Internet of Things, improving detection and response to cyber incidents, developing metrics to measure cybersecurity effectiveness, issues with cloud computing, ensuring child online safety, strengthening the capabilities of national CERT teams, and having more countries develop national cybersecurity strategies. Addressing these challenges will be important for continuing to build confidence and security in ICT use globally.
Security - intelligence - maturity-model-ciso-whitepaperCMR WORLD TECH
This document discusses the need for organizations to shift from a prevention-focused approach to cybersecurity to one focused on rapid detection and response. It notes that most organizations have mean times to detect threats of weeks or months, leaving critical systems vulnerable. The document introduces the concept of security intelligence and outlines a threat detection and response lifecycle that organizations should optimize to reduce their mean time to detect and respond to threats. This involves processes like discovering threats, qualifying them, investigating incidents, and mitigating risks.
The frequency and impact of cyber attacks have escalated cybersecurity to the top of Board agendas. Institutions are no longer asking if they are vulnerable to cyber attacks. Instead, the focus has shifted to how the attack might be executed, risks and impact. Most importantly, their organisational readiness and resilience to such threats.
CYBER SECURITY FOR PRIVATE AND DOMESTIC USE -VIKASH SINGH BAGHEL.pdfVikashSinghBaghel1
The document discusses cyber security in the private sector and domestic use. It covers several topics: the private sector's important role in cyber security given its management of online activity; practical barriers that have limited private sector security improvements, such as lack of incentives and high costs; and the responsibilities of cyber security professionals to implement controls, monitor networks, perform audits, and more. It also outlines cyber security challenges in India like lack of device uniformity and national architecture, and types of domestic cyber threats like critical infrastructure and IoT security issues.
Cybercrime is nothing new. What is different now is the intimacy, reach and size of those attacks. There are hundreds of billions in losses each year. This unsettling state of affairs has created a binary world with really only two kinds of companies: those that have been hacked and admit it, and those that have been hacked and don't admit it or don’t know it yet. Worse yet, for the vast majority of individuals, very few of us have been untouched whether we know it or not.
In NTT i³’s book “CyberCrime: Radically Rethinking the Global Threat,” Rich Boyer, Chief Architect for Security and Dr. Kenji Takahashi, VP Product Management for Security examine the current arms race between cybercriminals and their diverse and agile toolkits and the radically new approaches to cybersecurity that the enterprise must adopt to compete and win.
This research report studies the economic impact that Cyber Security attacks have on
society as a whole. The aim of this analysis is to examine the negative and positive
impact of these compromises on multiple entities. Our descriptive analysis focuses on
individuals, private and public organizations, costs, revenues, innovations, and jobs to
determine if proliferations of these attacks are either, negative or positive. Although this
paper draws upon the economic factors as result of cyber-attacks, it looks at the outlay
in its historical context of capital expenditures to private and public organizations due to
the increased number of compromises and factors of this paradigm helping to fuel the
growth of innovations or spawn a new industry as a whole
This document discusses the growing threat of cyber attacks faced by UK businesses and outlines steps businesses can take to improve their cyber security posture. It finds that many UK companies lack confidence in their cyber security policies and abilities to protect against attacks. Cyber attacks can have significant negative financial and reputational impacts on businesses. The document recommends that businesses improve basic security procedures, understand the risks they face, and create a culture where cyber security is a priority for all employees through education and enforcement of security best practices. Taking proactive steps in these areas can help businesses better protect themselves against cyber threats now and in the future.
This research report studies the economic impact that Cyber Security attacks have on society as a whole. The aim of this analysis is to examine the negative and positive impact of these compromises on multiple entities. Our descriptive analysis focuses on individuals, private and public organizations, costs, revenues, innovations, and jobs to determine if proliferation's of these attacks are either, negative or positive. Although this
paper draws upon the economic factors as result of cyber-attacks, it looks at the outlay in its historical context of capital expenditures to private and public organizations due to the increased number of compromises and factors of this paradigm helping to fuel the growth of innovations or spawn a new industry as a whole.
This document analyzes the economic impacts of cyber attacks on entities worldwide. It examines both the negative and positive impacts on individuals, organizations, costs, revenues, innovations, and jobs. While cyber attacks impose costs on targeted entities, they may also spur growth in cybersecurity and related industries. The paper aims to determine whether the overall economic effects of cyber attacks are more positive or negative. It reviews literature on defining cyber attacks and security, the history of attacks, and methods for analyzing economic impacts through cost-benefit analysis.
December ISSA Meeting Executive Security Presentationwhmillerjr
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Top 10 cybersecurity predictions for 2016 by Matthew RosenquistMatthew Rosenquist
1. The document outlines 10 predictions for cybersecurity challenges in 2016 and beyond, including the expanding roles of governments, continued evolution of nation-state cyber offenses, and the intersection of life safety and cybersecurity in connected devices.
2. It predicts security expectations will increase while security technologies improve but remain outpaced by adaptable attackers. Attacks targeting trust and integrity will escalate.
3. A continued lack of cybersecurity talent will hinder the industry from effectively addressing evolving threats. New threat vectors are expected to emerge as technologies advance.
The document summarizes key findings from a report on cyber threats targeting the financial services sector. The top three findings are:
1. Financial services encounters security incidents 300% more frequently than other industries due to being a prime target.
2. 33% of all reconnaissance and lure attacks target financial services, indicating large efforts to compromise financial institutions.
3. Credential stealing attacks are prominent, with the top threats like Rerdom, Vawtrak, and Geodo having credential theft capabilities. Geodo is seen 400% more in financial services.
In 2015 alone, hackers stole the records of - 11 million people from Premiere Blue Cross- 10 million people from Excellus BlueCross BlueShield- 80 million people from Anthem. We review the challenges, trends and opportunity of the cyberspace wars. Presented to APICS Ventura on March 8, 2016 by Gerry Poe - CEO of Santa Clarita Consultants. http://www.scc-co.com
This document discusses cyber security issues, challenges, and risks. It begins by introducing the topic of cyber security and the importance of securely transferring information online. It then discusses some key challenges facing cyber security like advanced persistent threats, the evolution of ransomware, threats to IoT devices, and risks associated with cloud computing. The document also covers cyber security techniques to help address issues like access control, authentication, malware scanning, and using firewalls and antivirus software. It concludes by discussing systemic cyber risks related to scale, interdependency, and shared resources, as well as the importance of cyber ethics.
CIR Magazine - Cyber Readiness, key to survivalMorgan Jones
Cybersecurity risks pose an increasing threat to organizations as technological change accelerates. A review of cyber attacks in 2019 found a rise in ransomware attacks that disrupted company operations. Looking ahead, emerging technologies like artificial intelligence could introduce new vulnerabilities if not properly governed. Experts call for increased international cooperation to address ongoing and future cybersecurity challenges posed by new technologies.
The document discusses the challenges of cybersecurity in today's data-driven age. It notes that the rapid growth of technology and data has created significant challenges for data security and regulatory compliance. Additionally, as organizations adopt more sophisticated digital business models, the board's need for assurance around data access and security increases. The document outlines some of the key challenges in combating cybercrime, such as consumers and SMEs not fully comprehending the threat or how to defend against it. It also notes that increased regulation around data protection and privacy adds further complexity, highlighting the importance of transparency and education.
1
2
Cyber Research Proposal
Cybersecurity in business
Introduction
Because of today's international economy, securing a company's intellectual property, financial information, and good name is critical for the company's long-term survival and growth. However, with the rise in risks and cyber vulnerability, most businesses find it difficult to keep up with the competition. Since their inception, most companies have reported 16% fraud, 37.7% financial losses, and an average of over 11% share value loss, according to data compiled by the US security. Most corporations and governments are working hard to keep their customers and residents safe from harm. There are both physical and cybersecurity risks involved with these threats. According to a recent study, many company owners aren't aware of the full scope of cybersecurity. People who own their businesses must deal with various issues daily.
Nevertheless, steps are being taken to address these issues. Customers and the company are likely to be protected by the measures adopted. Cybersecurity is one of the most pressing issues facing organizations today. Leaks of a company's intellectual property and other secrets may have devastating effects on its operations, as competitors and rivals will do all in their power to stop them. is an excellent illustration of this. This is perhaps the most talked-about security compromise of the year [footnoteRef:3]. The firm was severely damaged because of this. [1: "Database security attacks and control methods."] [2:q "Comprehending the IoT cyber threat landscape: A data dimensionality reduction technique to infer and characterize Internet-scale IoT probing campaigns."] [3: "The Equifax data breach: What cpas and firms need to know now." ]
Some individuals take advantage of clients by stealing highly important information to profit financially from their actions. For example, if the wrong individuals get their hands on your credit card information, you're in serious trouble since you might lose money. Some families lose all their resources, while others are forced to declare bankruptcy after being financially stable for a long period. Many of the findings of this study will be focused on cybersecurity and the sources of cybersecurity risks. The paper outlines a few of the issues and solutions that organizations may use to keep their operations and consumers safe from exploiting dishonest individuals.
Research question
According to the most recent study, more than 1500 companies have been exposed to some cybersecurity assault[footnoteRef:4]. This research details the specific types of attacks that have occurred. Organizational operations are affected, as is corporate governance, and the internal management of financial status is rendered ineffective due to these assaults. The question that will be investigated during the study is: [4: "Towards blockchain-based identity and access management for internet of things in enterprises."]
How doe ...
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1. http://www.pwc.co.uk/cybersavvyceo
Delusions of
safety?
The Cyber Savvy CEO: Getting
to grips with today’s growing
cyber-threats
Secure Information
is Power
2.
3. Contents
2 It’s time for CEOs to gain a clear understanding of the
threats on the Internet
4 Where is the pain today?
10 Six steps to the cyber-ready organisation
13 Rising to the challenge: an agenda for business and
government
15 About PwC’s Information and Cyber Security Team
Delusions of safety? 1
4. It’s time for CEOs to gain a
clear understanding of the
threats on the Internet
In June 2011, Nintendo joined fellow online games company Sony and US-based
defence contractor Lockheed Martin in confirming that it was among the latest
targets of cyber-attacks. The announcement came just days after the UK’s Chancellor
of the Exchequer, George Osborne, told an international conference that British
government computers are now on the receiving end of over 20,000 malicious email
attacks every month1. The message is clear: no organisation in any sector is safe –
and the threat is growing.
Nobody can say the world had not been warned. In January 2011 the World
Economic Forum named cyber attacks as one of the top five threats facing the
world—alongside planetary risks posed by demographics, scarcity of resources,
Security is a key enabler in concerns over globalisation, and weapons of mass destruction. Far from suggesting
the cyber world that fears over cyber threats may be over-hyped, the WEF highlighted the danger that
they were actually being underestimated.
Operating securely in the
cyber environment is among A few days later, UK Foreign Secretary William Hague proposed that Britain host an
the most urgent issues facing international summit on cyber security. Addressing the Munich Security Conference,
business and government he said: “The Internet, with its incredible connective power, has created opportunity
on a vast and growing scale…but there is a darker side to cyberspace that arises from
leaders today. Achieving this
our dependence on it.”
requires two assets. The first
is an understanding of online As Mr Hague spoke, police across the world were continuing their efforts to track
operating and business models: down the members of the hacktivist collective who unleashed disruptive attacks
how many people know how against a number of companies that had withdrawn services from WikiLeaks,
Google makes money? The including Mastercard, PayPal and Visa.
second is an ability to protect Against this backdrop, this paper examines why entering the cyber environment
and support those models. represents a seismic shift in the security landscape for all organisations. We will also
Far from being a barrier to highlight some of the structures, actions and capabilities that organisations can apply
participating in the cyber world, to achieve sustainable success in the cyber age.
effective security is a critical
enabler for any organisation
seeking to realise the benefits of
taking activities online.
1 http://nakedsecurity.sophos.com/2011/05/16/uk-government-under-cyber-attack-says-
chancellor-george-osborne/
5. Unprecedented opportunities
The growing threat reflects the explosion of online services in all sectors. Across “The cyber world continues
the world, more and more private and public sector organisations are capitalising to represent a powerful and
on web, mobile and social media platforms to improve their performance and serve
effective way for HMRC to
customers more effectively. Online interactions bring a blend of four key benefits:
lower costs to serve, higher speed to market, greater customer loyalty, and—in the
engage with and support its
case of the private sector—the potential for higher revenue growth. customers. It does however
also present a series of new
These benefits are seeing the cyber revolution gain momentum at breathtaking challenges and risks which need
speed. Some 10% of consumer spending in the UK is now transacted via the to be fully understood.”
Internet2, and 115 million Europeans will be using mobile banking services by 20153.
— Jeff Brooker, Director — Security and
The public sector around the world is also reaping massive benefits. In 2009, 65% of Information, HMRC, the UK government’s
enterprises in the EU obtained information or downloaded official forms from public main tax-collecting authority
authorities’ websites4. More than half of these businesses returned the completed
forms, saving time and money on both sides. And in 2010, nearly 100 million US
taxpayers submitted their tax returns online5.
The darker side
As usage of online services increases, so do the scale and sophistication of
cyber attacks, directed against targets ranging from countries’ critical national
infrastructure (CNI) and the global financial system, to less obvious targets such as
mining companies.
One of the most alarming attacks was the Stuxnet computer virus that emerged
in mid-2010. This malicious software (malware) program was created with the
aim of sabotaging Iran’s nuclear programme, by increasing the speed of uranium
centrifuges to breaking-point and simultaneously shutting off safety monitoring
systems. Commercial cybercriminals are mounting equally sophisticated attacks.
Such examples underline how opportunities and risks in the cyber world have risen
to a new level. We will now look at the characteristics of the cyber domain that make
it such a break with the past, and examine where the threats are at their greatest.
Our PwC / ISF QuickPoll: the view from the front line
PwC worked with the Information Security Forum (ISF)—the world’s
leading independent authority on information security—to conduct an
online QuickPoll with PwC’s clients and ISF’s Members. We refer to the
findings at relevant points throughout this paper.
All the respondents are senior decision-makers in information security,
representing a blend of public and private sector organisations. The
findings provide a snapshot of current concerns and perceptions among
the professionals charged with leading the fight against cyber attacks.
2 http://press.kelkoo.co.uk/uk-online-shoppers-are-the-biggest-spenders-in-europe.html
3 http://www.pwc.co.uk/eng/services/digitaltransformation.html
4 http://epp.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/statistics_explained/index.php/E-government_statistics
5 http://www.irs.gov/efile/index.html
Delusions of safety? 3
6. Where is the pain today?
There are two main reasons why
Our PwC / ISF QuickPoll: Financial cyber-crime leads operating in the cyber domain represents
the way such a radical departure from operating
in the traditional physical world.
Of the PwC clients and ISF Members we interviewed in our online survey,
85% said their organisation had suffered a cyber-attack of some sort in First, cyber has no boundaries.
the past six months. Half of these attacks were financial in nature, while Indeed, it has the effect of destroying
activism and espionage were also relatively common. or dissolving any boundaries that
were there before. And second,
Has your organisation suffered from any of the following cyber its opportunities and risks are
incidents in the last 6 months (tick all that apply)? asymmetric. The cost and effort
involved in developing a piece of
malware are far below what would be
Terrorism required to develop a physical weapon
with the same scale and scope of impact.
Warfare
In combination, the low barriers to entry
and absence of boundaries make cyber
Activism
attacks hugely unpredictable, since they
can come from virtually everywhere—
Espionage
including from thousands of computers
worldwide in a coordinated attack on
Financial crime one target. As our QuickPoll global
illustrates, these factors mean most
organisations are now subject to attack.
Cyber security: looking outwards…
Similarly, cyber security represents a break with the past. Traditional IT security
developed from technical origins in the 1980s to become information security in the
2000s. But all too often, information security has remained an inward-looking set of
processes and behaviours, seeking to reinforce and protect the external boundaries
that used to make up the perimeter of an organisation.
In the cyber domain there are no boundaries. When they participate in the cyber
world, organisations plug their internal systems, information and processes into the
cyber domain. Although the perimeter is still protected by measures such as firewalls,
the boundary has become porous. So cyber security needs to be outward-looking,
crossing boundaries of all kinds—organisational, national, physical, technological—
while still protecting the data that represents the valuable assets of the organisation.
4 PwC
7. …and collaborating
This outward-looking stance demands greater collaboration between organisations
across both the public and private sectors. In our view, it is no coincidence that PwC’s
14th Annual Global CEO Survey, published in January 2010, reveals an intensifying
focus on collaboration via technology. Of the 1,201 business leaders we interviewed
worldwide, some 54% are putting technology investment into growth initiatives
that will support collaboration, including mobile devices and social media. And 77%
expect to change their business strategies over the next three years in response to
consumers’ growing use of these means of communication.
The shared nature of cyber threats means cyber security is a particular focus “Business in the cyber
for collaboration, not least between business and government. Public-private
world means a disruption of
organisations, industry bodies, regulators and third-party suppliers all have useful
roles to play in sharing information and experiences. Threat horizon workshops
traditional perimeter thinking.
can be conducted at an organisational, industry, supply chain or public-private Users go mobile with new
level. And cyber crisis simulation exercises—often conducted jointly with other technology while attribution
organisations—are useful ways to sharpen people’s awareness, decision-making to a geographical location
skills, and understanding of their roles. disappears. At the same time
collaboration, communication
Experience shows that collaboration on cyber risks within the private sector and
and cooperation across logical
between the private and public sectors can face challenges around competitive
confidentiality, and raise concerns that too much information is flowing one way. As
company borders increases.
the graphic below shows, information security professionals feel that public-private The task of cyber security is to
collaboration in this area is not yet working effectively. But there is no doubt that enable users doing their business
collaboration to address these shared threats should ultimately benefit organisations securely, everywhere, on every
in all sectors. device, with everyone.”
— Dr. Gunter Bitz, MBA, CISSP, CPSSE Head
of Product Security Governance at SAP AG,
a global leader in business management
software.
Our PwC / ISF QuickPoll: Collaboration between public and
private sectors to address cyber threats is not yet effective
When we asked our sample of PwC clients and ISF Members how effectively business
and public sector organisations are working together in their local market to address
cyber threats, their responses showed there is still a long way to go. Only one
respondent rated the effectiveness of public-private collaboration at four out of five,
and none gave it five out of five.
In your local market, how effectively are business and public sector
organisations working together to address cyber threats?
5 = Greater extent
4
3
2
1 = Lesser extent
Delusions of safety? 5
8. Who are the attackers – and what’s motivating them?
Different organisations often have their Warfare – This can take place between
own specific way of categorising cyber states, or may involve states attacking
threats. In PwC’s view, there are five private sectors organisations, especially
main types of cyber attack, each with critical national infrastructure (CNI)
its own distinct – though sometimes such as power, telecoms and financial
overlapping – methods and objectives. systems. The Stuxnet attack on Iran’s
They are: nuclear programme was a particularly
dramatic example. In May 2010, the
Financial crime and fraud – This US appointed its first senior general
involves criminals – often highly specifically in charge of cyber warfare.
organised and well-funded – using
technology as a tool to steal money and Terrorism – This threat overlaps with
other assets. The stolen information may warfare. Attacks are undertaken by
sometimes be used to extort a ransom (possibly state-backed) terrorist groups,
from the target organisation. again targeting either state or private
assets, often CNI.
Espionage – Today, an organisation’s
valuable intellectual property includes Activism – Again this may overlap
corporate electronic communications with some other categories, but the
and files as well as traditional IP such as attacks are undertaken by supporters of
R&D outputs. Theft of IP is a persistent an idealistic cause – most recently the
threat, and the victims may not even supporters of WikiLeaks. Organisations
know it has happened – until knock need to anticipate these threats by
off products suddenly appear on the thinking through how activists might
market, or a patent based on their R&D view particular actions they take.
is registered by another company. These
crimes may be carried out by commercial
competitors or state intelligence services
seeking to use the IP to advance their
R&D or gain business intelligence.
Secure information is power
Against this background, the axiom “information is power” has gained even deeper
resonance. With so much more data to store, access and analyse to create valuable
insights and intelligence, companies know that information is now a greater source
of power than ever before—but only if it is secure. The ongoing escalation in the
security threats to information is illustrated in the timeline of advances and attacks
in Figure 2, highlighting that the business and political communities are effectively
engaged in an ongoing arms race with cyber attackers.
6 PwC
9. Figure 2: A timeline of cyber risks and rewards
2000
The "I Love You" worm infects millions
2001 of computers worldwide.
The estimated number of internet 2001
users worldwide passes 500 million. The “Code Red” worm's widespread
infection causes billions of dollars in
damages related to productivity losses and
clean up costs.
2002
2005 The term “shatter attack” is coined in a
paper by Chris Paget and is a process by
The video sharing website YouTube begins. which Windows security can be bypassed.
This paper raises questions about how
2006
securable Windows could ever be.
The social networking site Twitter, which
allows users to post and read short 2007
messages, begins. Announcement of at least 45.7 million
consumer credit and debit cards numbers
2008 stolen from off-price retailers including T.J.
Maxx and Marshalls.
The trend of internet use via mobile
devices continues with the release of Estonia knocked off the internet and all
the Apple iPhone 3G. internal communication shut down due to
cyber attack.
2009
Sixty-five percent of EU enterprises
are downloading official forms from
2010
public authorities' websites
continuing the trend of e-government Stuxnet malware, with the purpose of
service usage. targeting Iran's nuclear programme, is
discovered.
Wikileaks posts classified documents
relating to the wars in Afghanistan and
Iraq as well as US State Department
diplomatic cables.
2011 2011
The social networking site Facebook Sony suffers a major data breach where
reaches a $50 billion valuation ahead customers’ personal information is stolen.
of its anticipated IPO in 2012.
KEY
Risks
Rewards
Source: PwC Analysis
This escalation has made cyber security a key board-level risk issue and its
importance is also increasingly recognised by investors and regulators. In February
2010, the semiconductor manufacturer Intel became the first company to disclose a
“sophisticated incident” of computer hacking in its 10-K filing to the US Securities
and Exchange Commission.
As governments and companies face up to the threats to their data, they know they
are now up against a global, sophisticated and well funded cybercrime industry. A
few years ago, many incidents consisted of hackers sending out a mass attack and
seeing where it stuck. Today, many attacks are managed against a solid business
case and specific objectives, tailored to a specific organisation, and developed using
a network of third-party specialists including R&D specialists, cryptographers,
programmers and list suppliers.
Delusions of safety? 7
10. Key barriers to effective cyber security
To defend themselves effectively against increasingly sophisticated attacks, many
organisations need to overcome a number of entrenched barriers. Four are especially
prevalent:
• A need for new skills and insights: To use a military analogy, the migration
to cyber is as disruptive as moving from horses to tanks. In today’s world, a
15 year-old hacker might have a better understanding of security risks than a
seasoned leader. The people engaged in securing cyberspace face a need to keep
raising their game faster than the attackers.
• Integrating security into the business: Cyber security used to be pigeon-
holed as an IT issue, creating a communications gap between business managers
and security professionals. Awareness is now growing that cyber security is
not only a technical issue, but a core business imperative. PwC’s Global State
of Information Security Survey 2011 confirms that executive recognition of
security’s strategic value is now more closely aligned with the business than with
IT, with the single most common reporting channel for chief information security
officers (CISOs) now being to the CEO rather than the chief information officer
(CIO). Since 2007, the proportion of CISOs reporting to the CIO rather than CEO
has fallen by 39 per cent.
Our PwC / ISF QuickPoll: There is little awareness of cyber risks
below middle management levels
Our research suggests that the challenges of creating and embedding a cyber risk-aware culture,
and of ensuring aligned responses at all levels, are increased by a relative lack of awareness
of cyber-risks lower down the organisation. Of PwC clients and ISF Members we surveyed,
only 29% said people at all levels of their organisations were aware of cyber risks. Even more
worryingly, 14% of respondents said nobody at any level was aware of these risks.
How aware are your people at all levels of cyber risks?
Don't know/Not applicable
All levels
Senior and middle management
Senior management only
Not aware
8 PwC
11. Our PwC / ISF QuickPoll: Organisations are unclear about
what is being said about them online—and their employees
are unclear about what they are allowed to say
When we asked PwC clients and ISF Members whether their organisations knew
what their customers and employees are saying about them on social networking
sites, their responses were spread evenly across a range from a lack of awareness
to full awareness. This same lack of clarity applies to employees’ knowledge of
what they are allowed to say online. Only 9.5% of our respondents are confident
that their employees have a detailed knowledge of this — the same proportion as
say they have no knowledge.
Do your employees know what they are allowed and what they are not
allowed to say when they are on-line?
5 = Detailed knowledge
4
3
2
1 = No knowledge
• Consistent, aligned and connected responses at every level of the
organisation: Traditional organisational structures tend to be too slow and
rigid to enable the speed and flexibility of response needed in the cyber world.
Faced with attackers who move quickly and unpredictably, organisations
need to be able to move information and decisions up, down and across their
structures fast and flexibly. Unless it is applied in a way that acknowledges and
factors in new and emerging threats, even the the ISO/IEC 27001 information
security standard may not help to support the necessary degree of agility and
responsiveness.
• Creating a cyber risk-aware culture: A cyber attack can gain entry via any
node on an organisation’s network—including a third-party supplier, customer
or business partner. This means everyone involved in the organisation’s cyber-
linked activities shares direct responsibility for security, and that awareness of
cyber risks needs to be an integral part of every decision and action. Yet we are in
an era when many younger employees access social networks in the workplace,
and when organisational cultures can change rapidly. Significantly, our QuickPoll
of PwC clients and ISF Members reveals a worrying lack of knowledge of
what customers and employees are saying about their organisations on social
networking sites, and of what employees are actually allowed to say online.
These findings underline the need for a security-aware culture, greater risk
awareness and clear policies continually reinforced by the tone from the top.
Delusions of safety? 9
12. Six steps to the cyber-
ready organisation
To address the threats we have described, many public and private sector
organisations will need to transform their mindset towards cyber as well as their
capabilities. There are six steps that organisations can take to reshape themselves for
the cyber world.
“Making your firm cyber-ready 1. Clarify roles and responsibilities from the top down
is not easy, and requires an As we have already highlighted, the CEO needs to come to grips with the threats
organisation-wide initiative which from the Internet—that’s why we have introduced the concept of the cyber savvy
only comes with a shift in top CEO. In the future, we believe that leadership by a CEO who truly understands the
management attitude. Introducing risks and opportunities of the cyber world will be a defining characteristic of those
the role of ‘Cyber Savvy CEO’ is a organisations—whether public or private sector—that realise the benefits and
signal to that effect. That, however, manage the risks most effectively.
is only the beginning not the
While many organisations have historically pursued cyber security in response
end of a synchronized firm-wide to regulatory pressures, the real benefit lies in enabling the business to seize the
initiative to position it better in a opportunities—whether these involve driving growth by selling through new
fast changing market.” channels, or delivering public services at higher quality and lower cost. Leadership
— Ajay Bhalla, Professor of Global Innovation by a cyber savvy CEO will enable the organisation to understand these opportunities
Management, Cass Business School, London and realise them securely and sustainably through effective security.
Our PwC / ISF QuickPoll: Cyber responsibilities are split
between ‘risks’ (CRO) and ‘opportunities’ (CIO)—with
neither area owned by the CEO
According to our survey, organisations are continuing to divide ownership and
accountability for cyber risks and opportunities at board level.
Cyber opportunities are overseen by a wide variety of C-level executives in
different organisations, with the CIO being the single most common owner (in
six out of the 21 respondent organisations), In contrast, cyber risks are usually
owned either by the Chief Risk Officer (CRO) or Chief Information Security Officer
(CISO).
Significantly, the CEO is still relatively uninvolved in either area, owning cyber
opportunities in two of the 21 organisations, and cyber risks in only one.
10 PwC
13. 2. Reassess the security function’s fitness and readiness for
the cyber world
Organisations already have IT security functions that may be doing a good job in
protecting against traditional threats. As new risks emerge, the focus needs to be
upgrading or transforming the existing capabilities to deal with them. Rather than
creating something new from scratch, this means building on the existing base to
ensure that the organisation’s responses to its security needs fully encompass cyber
security.
3. Achieve 360-degree situational awareness
To align its security function and priorities as closely as possible with the realities of
the cyber world, the organisation also needs a clear understanding of its current and
emerging cyber environment. This demands situational awareness (see information
panel), which is a prerequisite for well-informed and prioritised decisions on cyber
security actions and processes.
Achieving situational awareness can be a particular challenge for large public
sector organisations, which may have to scan an economy-wide landscape, and for
multinationals with global opportunities and exposures. Our research among PwC
clients and ISF Members indicates that situational awareness is currently being
undermined by a lack of measurements and KPIs to support effective management of
cyber threats and opportunities.
Situational awareness: Our PwC / ISF QuickPoll: KPIs to manage cyber risks and
know the landscape—and rewards are not yet in place
the behaviours
None of the PwC clients or ISF Members participating in our poll rated their
Situational awareness—a term organisation’s measurements and KPIs on cyber risks and rewards as meriting
drawn from military strategy— a score of five out of five. Most felt the current status of these measure to be
means knowing the landscape middling at best.
surrounding your own position,
Ask yourself to what extent your organisation has measurements and key
including actual and potential
performance indicators that enable you to properly manage the balance of risks
threats. and rewards in the cyber world?
Detailed investigations of
cyber incidents can also help In our QuickPoll, we asked: to what extent does your organisation have
measurements and key performance indicators that enable you to
organisations develop situational
properly manage the balance of risks and rewards in the cyber world?
awareness. Knowing exactly
what happened, when and how,
helps organisations identify 5 = Greater extent
root causes and remedies, and
provides valuable intelligence 4
about the motivations,
psychology and behaviour 3
of attackers. Perhaps the
organisation is contemplating an 2
acquisition or project that might
attract the attention of activists 1 = Lesser extent
with cyber-attack capabilities.
Situational awareness should
flag such risks.
Delusions of safety? 11
14. 4. Create a cyber incident response team
As we noted earlier, traditional organisational structures may have the unintended
effect of hampering the quick and decisive responses needed in the cyber
environment. Many organisations will already have an incident response team but
the speed and unpredictability of cyber threats mean this may need to be adapted
and streamlined, in order to enable information, intelligence and decisions to flow
more quickly up, down and across the business, from board level to IT and business
operations, and sometimes to and from other organisations.
A well-functioning cyber incident response team means an incident spotted
anywhere in the business will be tracked, risk-assessed and escalated. Decisions
and actions can then be made quickly, and forensic cyber investigations and/or
external specialists brought in as necessary. Rather than leaving senior management
wondering whether an incident is actually a threat —‘Do we really have a
problem?’— the team will channel the right technical, business and insight quickly to
the relevant decision-makers.
5. Nurture and share skills
To make the most of its situational awareness and information stack, an organisation
will also need to invest in cyber skills. However, as we noted earlier, these are
in short supply. A recent survey by the SANS institute found that 90 per cent of
companies had experienced difficulty recruiting people with the cyber security
skills they needed and yet amongst the same employers, nearly 60 per cent said they
planned to create more jobs in cyber security in the next few years.
Given the restricted supply line of new cyber-savvy talent, it is up to employers to find
new ways of inspiring those with the skills and desire to keep our businesses safe. For
example, the most valuable technical expertise and insight may well be found among
younger employees at the lower levels of the organisation. Some organisations may
even want to consider more radical approaches, such as putting younger employees
on a board committee focused on cyber security.
6. Take a more active and transparent stance towards threats
The unpredictable and high-profile nature of cyber threats tends to engender a
defensive mindset. But a number of cyber-savvy organisations are now getting onto
the front foot by adopting a more active stance towards attackers, pursuing them
more actively through legal means, and communicating more publicly about their
cyber threats, incidents and responses.
Clearly, these responses must stay within the law—so it is important to ensure that
well-meaning employees do not take things too far by hacking back. The CEO and
board should also be clear about the organisation’s stance on prosecuting or suing
attackers, and must be sure the business has the necessary evidence to support any
legal action. By taking a more active stance against attacks on its commercial or
national interests, the organisation can show that it takes attacks seriously and will
strive to bring offenders to justice.
12 PwC
15. Rising to the challenge: an
agenda for business and
government
The threats from the Internet represent a massive challenge shared by the public and
private sectors worldwide. It is also a challenge that neither can tackle effectively on
its own.
In today’s interconnected world, the government’s ability to deliver efficient, reliable
and secure services is a critical factor in business confidence. And governments want
a robust and vibrant public sector to generate growth and employment. Neither
sector’s objectives can be achieved without using the cyber environment—which
demands cyber security.
To meet the imperatives of the cyber era, we believe that most public and private
sector organisations will need to adopt new structures, roles and governance, while
also engaging in close and continuing collaboration around the cyber agenda with
other organisations.
“We are promoting an initiative
Having the courage to let go…
for an organisation-wide
This in turn demands a new mindset focused not on protecting the organisational cultural shift towards greater
entity itself but its wider ecosystem, while still ensuring the organisation’s critical cyber security awareness.
information assets are secure. Embracing the cyber world means opening up systems We have identified a step up
and processes to external suppliers, customers, partners and employees, and in dispersed attacks and are
accepting culturally and psychologically that the old boundaries are being swept
preparing ourselves accordingly.
away.
It is anticipated that this threat
This is a major change. Traditionally, organisations have exercised control within will become more severe and
their perimeters by prohibiting some behaviours and monopolising power at the impact more industries, and we
centre. These approaches worked in the old world of physical supply chains. But they certainly put much importance
have the effect of inhibiting the speed and flexibility needed in the cyber world. on an organisation approach to
cyber security.”
—Itzik Kochav, Chief of Data Protection at
Clalit Healthcare, one of Israel’s leading
health service organisations.
Delusions of safety? 13
16. Our PwC / ISF QuickPoll: Organisations are moving from
restrict-and-control to monitored trust
According to our research, most organisations have moved away from managing
people by restricting what they do, and are instead managing them on the basis of
trust and monitoring. This appears to be a sensible response to the advent of the
cyber world. Yet other findings – notably on the relative lack of awareness of cyber
risks at the lower kevels of organisations – cast into doubt whether organisations’
workforces are really ready for such an approach.
Do you manage your people by restricting what they do, or by trusting
and monitoring them?
Restricting
Trusting and monitoring
…and move from proscriptive rules to monitored trust
This means companies need to let go of the old levers of power. Their security against
cyber threats is critically dependent on their interconnected supply chains, and
on the people working in them understanding the threats and behaving the right
way. So organisations must move away from rules-based prohibition and control,
and towards monitored empowerment and trust, at all levels from the individual
employee to the supply chain to the collaborative business partner or government.
Governments: achieving win-wins through collaboration
For their part, governments themselves can play a further critical role in
strengthening cyber security, by bringing different stakeholders together to
achieve win-wins through greater collaboration across sectoral and national
boundaries. The most efficient and effective way to tackle a shared threat is through
shared information, which can both heighten awareness and avoid the need for
organisations to reinvent the wheel. Governments are ideally placed to foster this
collaboration.
Time for the cyber savvy CEO to step up
Today, more and more organisations in all sectors are seizing the opportunities
created by the Internet. In PwC’s view, the only way to do this securely and
sustainably is by ensuring that cyber awareness and responsiveness are infused into
every employee, every decision and every interaction. It’s time for CEOs to make this
happen.
14 PwC
17. About PwC’s Information
and Cyber Security Team
The PwC Information and Cyber Security team has over 30 years’ experience in all
aspects of security, from espionage to governance risks. Our globally based team
understands and speaks business language, we know when and how best to involve
experts in legal, IT, business continuity, disaster recovery, crisis management,
fraud, forensic and human resources. This wide range of know-how means we can
help your organisation to devise a dynamic and forward-thinking security strategy
that identifies the security risks you face, and offers practical and effective ways of
ensuring they are addressed. PwC were recognised by Forrester in 2010 as a leader
in Information Security and Risk.
Setting direction
Security strategy development, organisational design,
management reporting.
Security
Strategy
Building in Resilience Creating a sound
Business continuity framework of control
management, disaster recovery, Security Risk, policy and privacy
Business
crisis management. Governance review, regulatory compliance
Continuity assessment, data loss
and
Management prevention, awareness
Control programmes.
People
Process
Managing incidents Technology Managing Exposure
Incident response review, Penetration testing,
corporate and regulatory Incident vulnerability scanning and
investigations, forensic Response and Threat and remediation, continuous and
investigation and readiness, Forensic Vulnerability global threat monitoring.
crisis response. Management
Investigation
Architecture,
Network
security
Building secure systems and infrastructure and
Security architecture, network security, cloud computing Identity
security, identity and access management solutions, ERP
security.
Delusions of safety? 15
18. If you would like to discuss any of the issues
raised in this report, please speak to your
PricewaterhouseCoopers contact listed below
Grant Waterfall
United Kingdom
grant.waterfall@uk.pwc.com
+44 (0)20 780 42040
William Beer
United Kingdom
william.m.beer@uk.pwc.com
+44 7841 563 890
Otto Vermeulen
Netherlands
otto.vermeulen@nl.pwc.com
+31 88 792 63 74
Ed Gibson
USA
ed.gibson@us.pwc.com
+1 (703) 918 3550
Contributors
The following individuals in PwC contributed to the
production of this report.
Nick C Jones
PwC Public Sector Research Centre United Kingdom
David Moloney
PwC United Kingdom
Clare Geldart
PwC United Kingdom
Sarah Nolton
PwC United Kingdom
Andrew D Miller
PwC United Kingdom
Ariel Litvin
PwC Israel
A special thank you to Fox-IT in the Netherlands, who made a
significant contribution to the content of this paper.
16 PwC