this ppt contains: *fascism definitions *origins *characteristics etc.

1. fascism
fa•shu•zm

2. fascism
Is a radical political ideology that combines elements
of:
• Corporatism
• Authoritarianism
• Nationalism
• Militarism
• Anti-liberalism
• Anti-communism

3. fascism
• Fascism is also a political ideology and mass movement
that dominated many parts of central, southern and
eastern Europe between 1919 to 1945
• Fascism later became a more generic term that was
meant to cover an entire class of authoritarian, political
ideologies, parties, and political system
• Core fascist ideologies and goals espoused by the likes
of Hitler and Mussolini
Its important to note that:
• No consensus was ever achieved on a precise definition
of what it means to be “fascist”

4. Fascism origin
Where it all began

5. Different origins of fascism
Comes from Italian word:
• Fascio
which means “bundle”
the term also comes from the word:
• Fasces
which means “rods bundled around an
axe”
-which an ancient roman symbol of the
authority of magistrates
-the symbol of fasces suggested:
*strength through unity > a single rod
can be easily broken while the bundle
is very difficult to break
Originally: fascism was used by an italian political movement that ruled italy from
1922 to 1943 under the leadership of Benito Mussolini

6. First european fascist

7. Benito mussolini
• was an italian dictator and also
the prime minister
(1922-1943)
-He adopted the fascism symbol both
to recall the greatness of the roman
empire and to reinforce his authority
as the eventual dictator of italy
-Fascist regimes like his, required
their citizens to as unified as the
tightly bound fasces

8. Characteristics of fascism

9. characteristics
Although fascism is a notoriously difficult ideology to define. Many 20th
century fascist movements shared several characteristics.
1. Their political strength grows from populations experiencing economic
woes
2. They tended to capitalize on these economic anxieties by shifting the
blame away from government to market force
3. Jews, Immigrants, Leftist, and other group became useful scapegoat.
Redirecting popular anger toward these people would in theory rid a
country of its ailment (minor issues)
4. to unify a country, fascist movements propagated extreme nationalism
that often went hand in hand with militarism and racial purity
5. The prosperity of a nation depended on a unified polity that put the
group’s welfare above the individual(s). A strong and vigilant military was
considered necessary to defend these group’s interest

10. Nazism or nazi party
• Constituted the most insidious form of racial purist
fascist nationalism

11. Countries that achieved
prominence through
fascism
Germany and Italy

12. germany
• The most prominent 20th century fascist
• German fascism took the form of Nazism. Which rose out of the
ashes of the post world war I Weimar republic (or the German
republic on 1919 to 1933)
• Inflation soaring unemployment rates, and deep political divisions
paralyzed the republic during the great depression and helped
create the conditions that allowed Nazism to prosper
• The Nazi party led by Adolf Hitler, promised stability and in return
to prewar German pride. It espoused militaristic nationalism,
derided cultural decadence, and blamed various marginalized
group -chiefly Jews- for Germany’s social ills.
• The Nazi governed Germany beginning in 1933 and attempted to
spread their ideology through conquest and genocide until their
defeat in 1945

13. italy
• Italy’s fascist movement also began after world war I
• It achieved power in the mid-1920s. Under the leadership of
Benito Mussolini.
• The movement– “fasci di combattimemnto” (“fighting
bands”)– made of heavy use of black-clad paramilitary troops
(blackshirt) to intimidate leftist politicians and ultimately seize
control of Italy during the postwar economic crisis
• As the world first fascist dictator, Mussolini targeted
democratic institutions, dismantled free speech, attacked
political opponents, and engaged in heavy surveillance
• His regime was virulently xenophobic (fear of stranger) and
although it initially disavowed anti semitism. It passed
several anti semitic law in 1938 that would pave the way for
italy and Germany’s cooperation during WWII

14. Acceptance of racism

15. Acceptance of racism
• Although not all fascist believed in biological racism
it played a central role in the action of those who did.
Nazism was viciously racist. The nazi blamed the
jews for almost everything wrong with germany
• From 1933 to 1945 some 6,000,000 jewish men,
women and children were exterminated by gassing,
shootings, hangings, and clubbings, and about
3,000,000 slav, as well as approximately 400,000
roma were murdered as well

16. National fascism

17. National fascism
• National Fascist Party (partito Nationalee fascista)
in: Italy led by: Mussolini
• The National’ socialist german workers’
party(nationalsozialisticsche Deutsche
arbeiterpartei) or Nazi party, led by Adolf Hitler
• The Fatherland front(Vaterlandische front) in ustria
led by Engelbert Dollfuss
• The National Union(Uniao Nacional) in portugal led
by antonio de oliveira salazar…

18. QUIZ

19. QUIZ
①What are the elements of fascism political
ideology? (give at least 3)
②Who was the first fascist?
③ countries that achieve prominence through
fascism?
④What are the 2 origin of the word fascism?
⑤What is Constituted as the most insidious
form of racial purist fascist nationalism?

20. Keys to correction
1. Corporatism
• Authoritarianism
• Nationalism
• Militarism
• Anti-communism
2. Benito mussolini
3. Germany and italy
4. Fasce and fasces
5. Nazi or nazism