The document discusses dual reporting systems in India for financial and tax reporting. There are often differences between the income reported by companies to investors and that reported for tax assessment. Book income is determined under accounting principles and company law, while taxable income is computed under income tax law. The concept of matching revenues and expenses over the periods they relate to gives rise to differences in profit/loss calculations under company and tax law. This leads to the concept of deferred tax to account for temporary differences between accounting and taxable income. Accounting standards prescribe deferred tax accounting to recognize the tax effect of these temporary differences over time.

1. Presented By
HARISH.D
harishd267@gmail.com
Harishdcommerce.blogspot.com

2. Dual reporting system is in existence in India, one for financial
reporting and other for tax reporting. Many a time there are difference
between the income reported by a company to investors and the income
reported to tax authorities for assessing the tax liability company.
The former, known as Book Income, is determined in accordance with
the Generally Accepted Accounting Principle and the provision of the
Companies Act 1956 whereas the latter, known as Taxable Income is
computed as per the provision of Income tax 1961.
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3. Matching concept is a very significant concept of accounting. According to
this concept income and expense must be recognised in the period to
which they relate. In India, Profit & Loss is computed in accordance with
two different sets of provision one set is Profit & Loss as per Companies
Act, 2013 (earlier it was Companies Act, 1956) and second one is Profit &
Loss as per Income Tax Act, 1961 (for the purpose of computing taxable
income). Generally there is difference between Profit & Loss computed as
per above mentioned two different set of provisions. The root cause of this
difference is different treatment of some items of expenditure/income
under both set of provisions (i.e. Companies Act, 2013 and Income Tax
Act, 1961). Some expenditure which are allowed to be deducted under
Companies Act, 2013, may not be allowed to be deducted under Income
Tax Act, 1961 while computing the taxable income.
Matching concept of accounting and different treatment of
expenditure/income under above mentioned both Act gives rise to the
concept of Deferred Tax and accordingly ICAI issues an Accounting
Standard-22 “Accounting for Taxes on Income”, to prescribe the
accounting treatment for taxes on income since it is a very significant
item in the Statement of profit & Loss of an entity.
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4. Dual Reporting System
in India
Financial Reporting
Permanent
Difference
Temporary
Difference
Tax Reporting
Temporary
Difference
Permanent
Difference
Deferred Tax
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Both Report are not Same they have
Differences

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Difference between Accounting Income and Taxable Income
 Difference in Allowances of Expenses in Income Tax act
Provision for Doubtful Debts
Charging Depreciation
Accrual Basis v/s Receipt Basis

6. Meaning of Deferred Taxes
Deferred tax refers to the tax effect of temporary differences
between accounting income that is calculated by taking into
consideration the provisions of Companies Act, 2013 and taxable
income that is calculated by taking into consideration the provisions
of Income Tax Act, 1961.
Meaning of Deferred Tax in Accounting
 The accounting, presentation and disclosure of deferred tax is
carried out as per the provisions of “Accounting Standard- 22” (i.e.,
Accounting for Taxes on Income) or “Ind AS- 12” (i.e., Income
Taxes). Deferred tax asset or deferred tax liability is created by
debiting/crediting Statement of Profit and Loss.
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7.  The following table shows different cases where deferred tax asset/ liability is
required to be created :
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CASES EXPLAINATION DTA / DTL
Book Profit < Taxable Profit Loss as per books of
accounts and Profit as
per tax laws
Deferred Tax Assets
Book Profit > Taxable Profit Loss as per tax laws
and Profit as per books
of account
Deferred Tax Liability

8.  The book entries of deferred tax is very simple. We have to
create Deferred Tax liability A/c or Deferred Tax Asset A/c by
debiting or crediting Profit & Loss A/c respectively.
 The Deferred Tax is created at normal tax rate.
[1] Profit & Loss A/c Dr
To Deferred Tax Liability A/c
[2] Deferred Tax Asset A/c
To Profit & Loss A/c
Please, note that both the entries are not passed but only liability
or asset is created for net amount of deferred tax.
 If book profit is greater than taxable profit, create deferred tax
liability.
 If book profit is less than taxable profit, create deferred tax
asset.
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9. Income as per Books of Accounts
of Company
Income as per Books of IT
Authorities
Revenues 50,00,000-00 Revenues 50,00,000-00
Expenses as per
Books
10,00,000-00 Expenses as per
IT Authorities
12,00,000-00
Taxable Income 40,00,000-00 Taxable Income 38,00,000-00
Tax @ 30% 12,00,000-00 Tax @ 30% 11,40,000-00
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Less Tax Payable 60,000-00 as per IT authorities

10. Income as per Books of Accounts
of Company
Income as per Books of IT
Authorities
Revenues 50,00,000-00 Revenues 50,00,000-00
Expenses as per
Books
10,00,000-00 Expenses as per
IT Authorities
8,00,000-00
Taxable Income 40,00,000-00 Taxable Income 42,00,000-00
Tax @ 30% 12,00,000-00 Tax @ 30% 12,60,000-00
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Excess Tax Payable 60,000-00 as per IT authorities

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