Poster created for Colorado State University Celebrate Undergraduate Research and Creativity Showcase, an annual gathering at CSU to honor outstanding student researchers and creators. Review of work completed in lab of Dr. Alan Schenkel in the 2017-2018 school year.
Investigating the function of a novel protein from Anoectochilus formosanus w...Cây thuốc Việt
Anoectochilus formosanus is a therapeutic orchid appreciated as a traditional Chinese medicine in Asia. The extracts of A. formosanus have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activates. A novel protein was isolated from A. formosanus, and its immunomodulatory effect on murine peritoneal macrophage was investigated. Macrophages obtained from ascites of thioglycollate-induced BALB/c were co-cultured with IPAF (0–20μg/ml) for 24h and then harvested for flow cytometry analysis. The cytokine/chemokine production was measured by real time PCR and ELISA. The interaction between IPA and toll like receptors (TLRs) was investigated by TLR gene knockout (KO) mice and fluorescence labeled IPAF. The activation of NF-κB was assessed by EMSA. IPAF stimulated the TNF-α and IL-1β production, upregulated the CD86 and MHC II expression, and enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages. IPAF induced gene expression of IL-12 and Th1-assosiated cytokines/chemokines. The stimulating effect of IPAF was
impaired, and the IPAF–macrophage interaction was reduced in TLR4−/− C57BL/10ScNJ mice. In addition, IPAF stimulated expressions of TLR signal-related genes and the activation of NF-κB. IPAF could induce classical activated macrophage differentiation via TLR4-dependent NF-κB activation and had potential of IPAF to modulate the Th1 response. These findings provided valuable information regarding the immune modulatory mechanism of A. formosanus, and indicated the possibility of IPAF as a potential peptide drug
Immunophysiological Mechanisms that Limit Dissemination of Microbial Signals ...InsideScientific
The intestine communicates with neighboring organs and tissues, including secondary lymphoid tissues, by delivering cells and molecules through the lymphatic or venous vasculature. The architecture of these communications is introduced and the lecture proceeds to reveal strategies that the intestine uses to limit the dissemination of microbial signals from gut, and the potential proinflammatory effects of this dissemination. Illustrations are given involving the lymphatic vasculature, and separately, the venous vasculature.
Key Topics Include:
- The organization of outflow vessels from the intestine and what is known about how this differs over the various regions of the intestine
- Strategies used by the small intestine to limit dissemination of inflammatory signals in the venous vasculature
- Strategies used by the small intestine to limit dissemination of inflammatory signals in the lymphatic vasculature
- Mechanisms underlying pathophysiological remodeling of the lymphatic vasculature draining in the intestine
Poster created for Colorado State University Celebrate Undergraduate Research and Creativity Showcase, an annual gathering at CSU to honor outstanding student researchers and creators. Review of work completed in lab of Dr. Alan Schenkel in the 2017-2018 school year.
Investigating the function of a novel protein from Anoectochilus formosanus w...Cây thuốc Việt
Anoectochilus formosanus is a therapeutic orchid appreciated as a traditional Chinese medicine in Asia. The extracts of A. formosanus have been reported to possess hepatoprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-tumor activates. A novel protein was isolated from A. formosanus, and its immunomodulatory effect on murine peritoneal macrophage was investigated. Macrophages obtained from ascites of thioglycollate-induced BALB/c were co-cultured with IPAF (0–20μg/ml) for 24h and then harvested for flow cytometry analysis. The cytokine/chemokine production was measured by real time PCR and ELISA. The interaction between IPA and toll like receptors (TLRs) was investigated by TLR gene knockout (KO) mice and fluorescence labeled IPAF. The activation of NF-κB was assessed by EMSA. IPAF stimulated the TNF-α and IL-1β production, upregulated the CD86 and MHC II expression, and enhanced the phagocytic activity of macrophages. IPAF induced gene expression of IL-12 and Th1-assosiated cytokines/chemokines. The stimulating effect of IPAF was
impaired, and the IPAF–macrophage interaction was reduced in TLR4−/− C57BL/10ScNJ mice. In addition, IPAF stimulated expressions of TLR signal-related genes and the activation of NF-κB. IPAF could induce classical activated macrophage differentiation via TLR4-dependent NF-κB activation and had potential of IPAF to modulate the Th1 response. These findings provided valuable information regarding the immune modulatory mechanism of A. formosanus, and indicated the possibility of IPAF as a potential peptide drug
Immunophysiological Mechanisms that Limit Dissemination of Microbial Signals ...InsideScientific
The intestine communicates with neighboring organs and tissues, including secondary lymphoid tissues, by delivering cells and molecules through the lymphatic or venous vasculature. The architecture of these communications is introduced and the lecture proceeds to reveal strategies that the intestine uses to limit the dissemination of microbial signals from gut, and the potential proinflammatory effects of this dissemination. Illustrations are given involving the lymphatic vasculature, and separately, the venous vasculature.
Key Topics Include:
- The organization of outflow vessels from the intestine and what is known about how this differs over the various regions of the intestine
- Strategies used by the small intestine to limit dissemination of inflammatory signals in the venous vasculature
- Strategies used by the small intestine to limit dissemination of inflammatory signals in the lymphatic vasculature
- Mechanisms underlying pathophysiological remodeling of the lymphatic vasculature draining in the intestine
Similar to Defence mechanism of gingiva and host response gcf (20)
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
2. INTRODUCTION:
Serum exudate that appears in the gingival sulcus and that contains
molecular elements and cellular elements of the immune response
Actually, gcf is both transudate and exudate ;but transudate is
negligible (so it is only considered as inflammatory exudate)
Warhaung and brill and crasse elucidated its role in the oral defence
Alfano called it inflammatory exudate
Brill proposed it to be a transudate
3. Formation of GCF:Theories
This is based on theories:
1. ACCORDING TO BRILL AND EGLEBERG:
• According to him Gcf is a transudate
• What is transudate= whenever there is a inflammation there is a
increase in the permeability of capillaries there will be a leakage of
the fluid from the capillaries i.e
LEAKAGE OF THE FLUID FROM THE CAPILLARIES IS CALLED
TRANSUDATE
4. According to Alfano and pashley:
Initially;according to Alfano:
oThe fluid which is formed in the capillaries due to the inflammation is
a transudate.
According to pashley: he created a model :
i.e., the fluid goes to firstly---capillariestissueslymphatic drainage.
Later on;
oAs the inflammation progress, due to the change in the osmotic
concentration the amount of capillary infiltrate increases and leads to
uneven lymphatic drainage which leads to the formation of either
TISSUE OEDEMA OR IN THE FORM OF GCF THROUGH THE GINGIVAL
SULCUS i.e. exudate
5. Basic difference between the transudate and
exudate;
•A fluid substance that
comes out due to
increase in permeability
of capillaries.
Protein content of the
transudate is less.
it is a clear substance
Specific gravity is less
Due to increase in
inflammation, there to gap
in epithelial cells of
capillaries leads to increase
in fluid and the other
components from the
capillaries which causes
the formation of
inflammatory exudate
Protein content of the
transudate is more.
it is a cloudy substance
Specific gravity is more
TRANSUDATE
EXUDATE
6. Composition of GCF: which acts as prognostic and
diagnostic marker for the progression of periodontal disease
ELECTROLYTES
1. Sodium
2. Potassium
3. calcium
ENZYMES
1. Beta-glucuronidase
2. Lactic acid and
dehydrogenase
3. Collagenase
4. Phospholipase
5. Alkaline phosphatase
6. Acid phosphatase
7. Pyrophosphatase
(increase in the collagenase,
alkaline ,acid &
pyrophosphatases indicate
the active periodontal
disease i.e. increased bone
resorption)
CELLULAR ELEMENTS
1. Pmn’s
2. Bacteria's
3. Desquamated epithelial
cells
4. Mononuclear cells
5. Beta lymphocytes(58%)
6. T-lymphocytes(24%)
7. Mononuclear(18%)
phagocytes
• Pmns are found in initial
stages of the disease
• 3,4,5,6,7 are mostly
found in the later stages
of the disease
ORGANIC
1. Carbohydrates
2. Glucose hexosamine
3. Hyaluronic acid
4. Protein
5. Metabolic and bacterial
products such as urea
,hydroxy proline, lactic
acid, formic acid and
ammonia
7. IMPORTANT FOR MCQ’S:
the ratio of t-lymphocytes and b-lymphocytes in peripheral blood
smear is 3:1
Where as in GCF it is 1:3 (reversed to peripheral blood smear)
Gingival sulcus is the main portal entry into the oral cavity
Protein content of gingival fluid is less than that of the serum
Glucose content of the GCF is 3-4 times higher than the serum
8. Clinical significance of GCF:
• Circadian rhythm: GCF increases from 6 am to 10 am and decreases
afterwards.
• Hormonal effects: increased GCF seen in female sex hormones i.e.
oestrogen and progesterone [pregnancy]
• Inflammation: increased GCF
• Vigorous gingival brushing and chewing stimulates the oozing of gingival
fluid
• GCF is not increased by TFO but it is increased by mastication of of coarse
food
• Smoking causes transient increase of GCF
• Tetracycline is the drug that attains maximum concentration in gcf
9. Function of GCF:
Gcf cleans materials from gingival sulcus
It contains plasma proteins that helps in the adhesion of the
epithelium to the tooth
It posses the antimicrobial property
It exerts antibody activity in defence of the gingiva
IgG is more prevalent in GCF