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Deductive logic
The document discusses different types of deductive logic including terms, premises, and consistency. It explains deductive logic as arriving at conclusions from given facts or premises. It outlines 4 cases of premises: all A are B, no A is B, some A are B, and some A are not B. It also discusses logical consistency and conditional statements using if, only if, and if and only if.
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Deductive logic
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- 2. DeductiveLogicEnter the worldOfVerbal Logic!www.wordpandit.com
- 3. What is DeductiveLogic?www.wordpandit.com
- 4. What is DeductiveLogic?A simple combination of two words www.wordpandit.com
- 5. What is DeductiveLogic?A simple combination of two words Deductive + LogicDeductive Logicwww.wordpandit.com
- 6. What is DeductiveLogic?A simple combination of two words Deductive + LogicDeductive LogicAdjective form for deduce, meaning ‘to arrive at a fact/result’In layman terms, the funda/reasoning behind a conceptwww.wordpandit.com
- 7. Thus, Deductive Logicis nothing else but a method of arriving at a conclusion!www.wordpandit.com
- 8. Terms in DeductiveLogicwww.wordpandit.com
- 9. Terms in DeductiveLogicAll men are dogs.A fact/premiseProvided to usAll dogs are naughtywww.wordpandit.com
- 10. Terms in DeductiveLogicAll men are dogs.A fact/premiseProvided to usThe conclusionWe arrive at!All dogs are naughtyThus, all men are naughty.www.wordpandit.com
- 11. Guru Mantras forDeductive Logicwww.wordpandit.com
- 12. Guru Mantras forDeductive LogicIn logic, we assume FACTS Given to us as True!www.wordpandit.com
- 13. Guru Mantras forDeductive LogicIn logic, we assume FACTS Given to us as True!The result obtainedShould be true and….www.wordpandit.com
- 14. Guru Mantras forDeductive LogicIn logic, we assume FACTS Given to us as True!The result obtainedShould be true and….And should be Always true,That is consistent!www.wordpandit.com
- 15. Syllogisms-part 1Observing howwordsSuch as some, all and noFunction in a statementwww.wordpandit.com
- 16. Forms Of PremiseCASE1: All A are Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 17. Forms Of PremiseCASE1: All A are BA CakewalkAll A are BEach of A’s has to be Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 18. Forms Of PremiseCASE1: All A are BA CakewalkAll A are BEach of A’s has to be BSet representation of All A are BBA=BAwww.wordpandit.com
- 19. Forms Of PremiseCASE2: No A is Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 20. Forms Of PremiseCASE2: No A is BAnother CakewalkNO A is BNot even a single can be Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 21. Forms Of PremiseCASE2: No A is BAnother CakewalkNO A is BNot even a single can be BSet representation of No A is BABwww.wordpandit.com
- 22. Forms Of PremiseCASE3: Some A are Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 23. Forms Of PremiseCASE3: Some A are B‘Some’ would mean what?Atleast 1 A is not B?Few A are B?At least 1 A is B?www.wordpandit.com
- 24. Forms Of PremiseCASE3: Some A are B‘Some’ would mean what?Atleast 1 A is not B?Few A are B?At least 1 A is B?Means the same asSome A are BThis would actually mean‘Some A are NOT B’If this is not true, thenNo A is Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 25. Forms Of PremiseCASE3: Some A are BSome A are B: Venn diagram approachSet representation of Some A are BSet ASet Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 26. Forms Of PremiseCASE3: Some A are BSome A are B: Venn diagram approachSet representation of Some A are BSet ASet BBut is this ALL we can do with Some A are B???www.wordpandit.com
- 27. Forms Of PremiseCASE3: Some A are BSome A are B can be represented in the following ways:Set ASet Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 28. Forms Of PremiseCASE3: Some A are BSome A are B can be represented in the following ways:Set A=Set BSet ASet Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 29. Forms Of PremiseCASE3: Some A are BSome A are B can be represented in the following ways:Set A=Set BSet ASet BSet BSet Awww.wordpandit.com
- 30. Forms Of PremiseCASE3: Some A are BSome A are B can be represented in the following ways:Set A=Set BSet ASet BSet ASet BSet ASet Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 31. Forms Of PremiseCASE4: Some A are not Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 32. Forms Of PremiseCASE4: Some A are not BIf ‘Some A are B’= ‘Atleast 1A is B’then ‘Some A are not B’ simply equals to?www.wordpandit.com
- 33. Forms Of PremiseCASE4: Some A are not BIf ‘Some A are B’= ‘Atleast 1A is B’then ‘Some A are not B’ simply equals to?‘Atleast 1A is not B’www.wordpandit.com
- 34. Forms Of PremiseCASE4: Some A are not BSome A are not B can be represented in the following ways:Set ASet Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 35. Forms Of PremiseCASE4: Some A are not BSome A are not B can be represented in the following ways:Set ASet BSet BSet Awww.wordpandit.com
- 36. Forms Of PremiseCASE4: Some A are not BSome A are not B can be represented in the following ways:Set ASet BSet BSet ASet BSet Awww.wordpandit.com
- 37. Forms Of PremiseCASE4: Some A are not BSome A are not B can be represented in the following ways:Set A=Set BSet ASet BSet BSet ASet BSet Awww.wordpandit.com
- 38. Forms Of PremiseCASE4: Some A are not BSome A are not B can be represented in the following ways:Set A=Set BSet ASet BSet BSet ASet ASet BSet ASet Bwww.wordpandit.com
- 39. Logical Consistency-part 2Introducinglogic intoStatements with the Help of conditionals suchAs if, only and either/or!www.wordpandit.com
- 40. Case 1: If,When , WheneverWhat happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever?Have a look:www.wordpandit.com
- 41. Case 1: If,When , WheneverWhat happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever?Have a look:India wins if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: www.wordpandit.com
- 42. Case 1: If,When , WheneverWhat happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever?Have a look:India wins if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: 1. Sachin scores a 100.www.wordpandit.com
- 43. Case 1: If,When , WheneverWhat happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever?Have a look:India wins if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match1. Sachin scores a 100.www.wordpandit.com
- 44. Case 1: If,When , WheneverWhat happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever?Have a look:India wins if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match1. Sachin scores a 100.2. India wins the matchwww.wordpandit.com
- 45. Case 1: If,When , WheneverWhat happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever?Have a look:India wins if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match1. Sachin scores a 100.Sachin may or may not score a 100.2. India wins the matchwww.wordpandit.com
- 46. Case 1: If,When , WheneverWhat happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever?Have a look:India wins if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match1. Sachin scores a 100.Sachin may or may not score a 100.2. India wins the match3. Sachin does not score a 100.www.wordpandit.com
- 47. Case 1: If,When , WheneverWhat happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever?Have a look:India wins if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match1. Sachin scores a 100.Sachin may or may not score a 100.2. India wins the matchIndia may or may not win the match.3. Sachin does not score a 100.www.wordpandit.com
- 48. Case 1: If,When , WheneverWhat happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever?Have a look:India wins if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match1. Sachin scores a 100.Sachin may or may not score a 100.2. India wins the matchIndia may or may not win the match.3. Sachin does not score a 100.4. India does not win the match.www.wordpandit.com
- 49. Case 1: If,When , WheneverWhat happens when we use conditionals such as if, when or whenever?Have a look:India wins if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match1. Sachin scores a 100.Sachin may or may not score a 100.2. India wins the matchIndia may or may not win the match.3. Sachin does not score a 100.Sachin did not score a 100.4. India does not win the match.The ‘If condition’ ,in other words, is a sufficient condition for the effect to happen. www.wordpandit.com
- 50. Case 2: OnlyIf, Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when?Have a look:www.wordpandit.com
- 51. Case 2: OnlyIf, Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when?Have a look:India wins only if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: www.wordpandit.com
- 52. Case 2: OnlyIf, Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when?Have a look:India wins only if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: 1. Sachin scores a 100.www.wordpandit.com
- 53. Case 2: OnlyIf, Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when?Have a look:India wins only if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match1. Sachin scores a 100.www.wordpandit.com
- 54. Case 2: OnlyIf, Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when?Have a look:India wins only if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match1. Sachin scores a 100.2. India wins the matchwww.wordpandit.com
- 55. Case 2: OnlyIf, Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when?Have a look:India wins only if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match1. Sachin scores a 100.Sachin scores a 100.2. India wins the matchwww.wordpandit.com
- 56. Case 2: OnlyIf, Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when?Have a look:India wins only if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match1. Sachin scores a 100.Sachin scores a 100.2. India wins the match3. Sachin does not score a 100.www.wordpandit.com
- 57. Case 2: OnlyIf, Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when?Have a look:India wins only if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match1. Sachin scores a 100.Sachin scores a 100.2. India wins the matchIndia did not win the match.3. Sachin does not score a 100.www.wordpandit.com
- 58. Case 2: OnlyIf, Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when?Have a look:India wins only if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match1. Sachin scores a 100.Sachin scores a 100.2. India wins the matchIndia did not win the match.3. Sachin does not score a 100.4. India does not win the match.www.wordpandit.com
- 59. Case 2: OnlyIf, Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as only if or only when?Have a look:India wins only if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India may or may not win the match1. Sachin scores a 100.Sachin scores a 100.2. India wins the matchIndia did not win the match.3. Sachin does not score a 100.Sachin may or may not score a 100.4. India does not win the match.The ‘Only If condition’ ,in other words, is a necessary condition for the effect to happen. www.wordpandit.com
- 60. Case 3: If& Only If, When & Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as ‘if & only if’?Have a look:www.wordpandit.com
- 61. Case 3: If& Only If, When & Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as ‘if & only if’?Have a look:India wins if & only if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: 1. Sachin scores a 100.2. India wins the match3. Sachin does not score a 100.4. India does not win the match.www.wordpandit.com
- 62. Case 3: If& Only If, When & Only WhenWhat happens when we use conditionals such as ‘if & only if’?Have a look:India wins if & only if Sachin scores a 100.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: India wins the match1. Sachin scores a 100.Sachin scores a 100.2. India wins the matchIndia did not win the match.3. Sachin does not score a 100.Sachin did not score a 100.4. India does not win the match.The ‘If & Only If condition’ ,in other words, is a mixture of the first two cases. www.wordpandit.com
- 63. Case 4: EitherA or BWhat happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’?Have a look:www.wordpandit.com
- 64. Case 4: EitherA or BWhat happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’?Have a look:Either I am in eating food or watching TV.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: www.wordpandit.com
- 65. Case 4: EitherA or BWhat happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’?Have a look:Either I am in eating food or watching TV.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: I am watching TV.1. I am not eating food.I am eating food.2. I am not watching TV.www.wordpandit.com
- 66. Case 4: EitherA or BWhat happens when we use conditionals such as ‘Either A or B’?Have a look:Either I am in eating food or watching TV.Now if the conditions on the left are true, what is the outcome: I am watching TV.1. I am not eating food.I am eating food.2. I am not watching TV.I may or may not be eating food.3. I am watching TV.I may or may not be watching TV.4. I am eating food.This is a tricky one. Read the notes carefully.www.wordpandit.com
- 67. Thank You!Hope youhad a pleasantlearning experience.Feel free to contact us:admin@wordpandit.comwww.wordpandit.com
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