The document lists various cemeteries from around the world and asks what comes to mind when seeing cemeteries globally. It then discusses prehistoric peoples from locations like Varna, Bulgaria and Harappa, Indus Valley in Pakistan, theorizing they believed in an afterlife based on burial goods. Next it covers topics from the Gilgamesh epic to different religious views of the afterlife. The document analyzes origins of the soul concept and debates immortality of the soul versus soul sleep. It discusses the nature of man and what happens to the "whole" man at death based on biblical texts.

2. Woodlawn Cemetery — Bronx, N.Y.
Waverley Cemetery — Sydney, Australia
Old Jewish Cemetery — Prag
La Recoleta Cemetery
Buenos Aires
Merry Cemetery —Romania
Gallipoli
British Cemetery – Bayeux
Père Lachaise — Paris
Arlington National Cemetery
Chinese Cemetery
Okuno-in Cemetery – Japan
La Recoleta – Buenos Aires
What goes through your mind when you
see these cemeteries from around the
world ?
http://connectingdirectors.com/articles/40767-15-drop-dead-gorgeous-
cemeteries-from-around-the-world

3. Romans 5:12

4. These are prehistoric (pre-literate) people.
All we have are what they left behind.
What can you say about them and their beliefs?
Varna, Bulgaria, 4,000 BC.
In Pakistan Harappa, Indus Valley Pakistan's Swat

5. Varna, Bulgaria, 4,000 BC.
Harappa, Indus Valley
In Pakistan
Sarmatian burial d Russia’s Southern Ural steppes 1000 BC
Pakistan's Swat
They probably believed in an Afterlife !
Why?
They took useful Utensils with them to the Grave which
they might need in the Hereafter!
http://www.pinterest.com/pin/204491639302326945/
https://www.google.com/#q=images+prehistoric+graves

6. The same was true for the Egyptians;
See King Tut’s Tomb
http://classicsnewsneedsandnow.blogspot.com/2013_10_01_archive.html

7. Gilgamesch-Epos, 18 th cent. BC
Gilgamesh Epos, The Flood Tablet
Enkidu
Utnapishtim
& wife
After the gods sentence Enkidu to death,
Gilgamesh begins to ponder the issue of death.
He begins the search to find
immortality.
After failing Utanapishtim gives him a second
chance at eternal life by informing him of a
plant that would give him immortality. After
retrieving the plant, a snakes steals the plant
from him, thwarting his attempts at eternal life.
The gods reserved immortality for themselves.
Man’s only immortality resides in making a name
for himself.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilgamesh_flood_myt
h

8. Reincarnation
Hinduism
Buddhism
“Just as a person casts off worn-out
garments and puts on others that are
new, even so does the embodied soul
cast off worn-out bodies and takes on
others that are new.” (Bhagavad Gita
2,13)
Separation of
Soul from Body at
Death
Body
Baha'i Faith
Catholics
Presbyterian Church in the USA
Soul & Body Sleep
Adventists
Jairus daughter
- “for the maid
is not dead, but
sleepeth”. Matthew
9:23-24:
Death is the End
Aristotle
Epicureans
Many Atheists
Stephen Hawking
Dualism – Monism

9. Nature of Man
Scripture portrays MAN as a whole – body, soul and spirit
Rembrandt,
Dr. Nicolaes Tulp Anatomy Lesson, 1632
Seventh-day Adventists Believe…p.82-
Aristotle:
the person is a whole being
with integrated body and
soul: the soul does not
exist apart from the body
Monism
http://johnbriner.wordpress.com/2010/06/28/the-anatomy-lesson-of-dr-nicolaes-tulp-by-rembrandt-
van-rijn/

10. What happens to the “ “whole” Man at death?
The child is not dead but asleep.” 40 But they laughed at him.
After he put them all out, he took the child’s father and mother and the disciples who
were with him, and went in where the child was. 41 He took her by the hand and said to
her, “Talitha koum!” (which means “Little girl, I say to you, get up!”). Mark 5:21-43
“The raising of Jairus’ daughter” by Edwin Long, http://dwellingintheword.wordpress.com/2014/07/21/1361-mark-5/

11. Stephen
Then he fell on his knees and cried out, "Lord, do not hold this sin
against them." When he had said this, he fell asleep. Acts 7:60
http://www.wikiart.org/en/annibale-carracci/the-stoning-of-st-stephen-1604

12. Christian Mortalism (Soul Sleep)
the belief that the human soul is not naturally
immortal; the soul is uncomprehending during the
time between bodily death and Judgment Day
resurrection
William Tyndale (1494–1536)
John Wycliffe (1320–84)
Michael Sattler (1490–1527),[
Martin Luther (1483–1546).
Jurgen Moltmann (2000) concludes from this that
"Luther conceived the state of the dead as a deep,
dreamless sleep, removed from time and space,
without consciousness and without feeling.“
John Milton,
Seventh-day Adventist Church,
Advent Christian Church,
Christadelphians
Church of God (Seventh Day),
Church of God Abrahamic Faith,
Armstrong's Worldwide Church of God
Immortality of the Soul
•Roman Catholic Church,
souls temporarily stay in Purgatory
to be purified for Heaven
Why does the Catholic Church need
the immortality of the Soul?
Because prayer to the saint,
masses for the dead would be
useless
•Eastern Orthodoxy,
the soul waits in Hades, until the
Resurrection of the Dead,
•Most mainline Protestant
denominations,
•Most conservative Protestants
•Most Evangelicals,
•Most Fundamentalists.
•Mormons
The “soul-body oneness provides the
uniqueness of the biblical concept of the
resurrection of the body as distinguished
from the Greek idea of the immortality of
the soul”
Zondervan Encyclopedia of the Bible (rev ed.), 2009 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian_mortalism

13. Where did Christianity get the idea of the Body
and Soul being two independent entities ?
ARISTOTLE:
The soul can not survive the
dissolution of the body
http://www.rep.routledge.com/article/A133SECT3
PLATO:
Body and Soul are two
independent entities. Nothing
can destroy the soul, and it
is imperishable and immortal.
Raphael:The School of Athens

14. Mind Soul of Count going to heaven
Soul
eternal
EL GRECO ,
Burial of Count Orgaz
Body
mortal
http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/El_Greco_-
_The_Burial_of_the_Count_of_Orgaz.JPG

15. Luke 16:19-31
"Now it came about that the poor man died and he was
carried away by the angels to Abraham's bosom; and the
rich man also died and was buried. "And in Hades he
lifted up his eyes, being in torment, and saw Abraham far
away, and Lazarus in his bosom. "And he cried out and
said, 'Father Abraham, have mercy on me."
The rich man and Lazarus (Luke 16:19–31),
frequently advanced by immortalists as textual
evidence of the soul’s existence beyond the grave
rich man
Lazarus
http://www.arthuride.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/05/Lazarus-in-arms-of-
Abraham-and-rich-man-in-hell.jpg

16. If Death is like a SLEEP, what are the
characteristics of sleep that can be applied to
Death?
 “The dead know nothing” Eccl. 9:5
They are unconscious
 “Never will they do anything done
under the sun” Eccl.9:6
 Sleep presupposes an awakening.
“The hour is coming in which all
who are in the graves will hear
his voice and come forth”
John 5: 28-29

17. If the soul is immortal then an eternal place will
be needed for both good and evil souls
http://www.barbdahlgren.com/wp-content/uploads/Heaven-and-Hell.jpg

18. Hell Is …
KJV is inconsistent
Sheol/Hades = hell/grave/pit
• Gehenna = Valley of (the sons of) Hinnom
– Valley south west of Jerusalem
– Site of child sacrifices to Moloch
– Place for heaping up bodies after battle
– Maybe Jerusalem’s rubbish dump
• Used by Jewish writers as a symbol of the final punishment of
the wicked.
• Punishment that has and end. There is no eternal torment.
http://imgarcade.com/1/hell-art-renaissance/

19. 1. Christ Rose Bodily;
Resurrection is Real
 Jesus was crucified
 He rose and left an empty tomb
 Jesus appearances
– 1 Cor. 15:3-8 He was buried, and that He rose again the third day
according to the Scriptures, and that He was seen by Cephas, then by
the twelve. After that He was seen by over five hundred brethren at
once,... After that He was seen by James, then by all the apostles. Then
last of all He was seen by me also, as by one born out of due time.”
– Luke 24:34, “saying, ‘The Lord is risen indeed, and has appeared to Simon!’”
– John 20:1-2, 14, “..Mary Magdalene … saw that the stone had been taken away from
the tomb
– John 20:27, “Then He said to Thomas, ‘Reach your finger here..”

20. 2.
He raised Jairus Daughter
He raised Lazarus
The Raising of Lazarus
(Rembrandt)

21. 3. He is the Creator and therefore
he has the power to raise us from
death
1 In the beginning was the Word, and the Word
was with God, and the Word was God. 2 He was
with God in the beginning. 3 Through him all
things were made; without him nothing was
made that has been made. 4 In him was life, and
that life was the light of all mankind.
John 1:1-4