Day 2 I&M Training 2011

Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011
Stormwater BMP Maintenance
Importance
• Maintain the function of the BMP
• Maintain environmental and habitat
benefits
• Maintain appearance-public acceptance
• Prevent costly future repairs

Developing a Maintenance Strategy
Facility Inventory
• Obtain maintenance plan
and design documents
• Visit the site to review
conditions, access
• Contact the local
governmental jurisdiction

Developing a Maintenance Strategy
Work Plan
• Review facility inventory
• Review maintenance guides
• Create a list of
activities, equipment needed and
cost
• Review plan with owner and local
governmental officials
• Modify or create checklist and
record keeping procedures
• Assign and educate personnel
• Implementation and evaluation

Regular Inspections
Location
• Upstream Parking Lots & Paved Areas
• Upstream Unpaved Areas
• Forebays
• Main Treatment Area
• Storm Sewer Pipes and Structures

Regular Inspections
Frequency
• Weekly during establishment period
• Weekly/monthly after establishment period
• Complete when doing regular site maintenance
• Some inspections should occur during rainfall
• Some inspections should occur 24 hours after rainfall
Weeds and invasive species a
few months after planting
Immediately after planting
During rain eventAfter establishment period

Regular Inspections
Visual Assessment
• Trash and debris
• Sediment accumulation
• Bare soil and erosion
• Plant coverage
• Plant health
Trash and debris
Sediment accumulation
Plant coverage
Erosion
Plant Health

Regular Inspections
Visual Assessment
• Soil moisture and percolation
• Weeds and invasive species
• Animal and insect damage
• Mulch condition
Weeds and invasive species
2 months after planting
Soil percolation
Animal damage Mulch

Periodic Inspections
Frequency
• Annually or as needed
• Increase frequency to monitor
identified potential problems
• During storm events

Visual Assessment
• Storm sewer pipe and structure
condition
• Dam, embankment, overflow
weir condition
• Stormwater Flow

Testing and Surveys
• Soil testing
• Soil profile
• Stormwater flow
• Detention volume
• Water testing

Regular Maintenance Procedures
Soil Stabilization
• Establishment Period
• Management Period
• Repairs

Clean Up – Trash and Debris
• Location
• Equipment
• Frequency
• Disposal

Clean Up – Sediment Removal
• Location
(Upstream, Forebay, Structures, P
onding & Treatment Area)
• Equipment
• Method (Avoid heavy equipment
of select soils)
• Frequency
• Disposal
• Amount (All or partial)

Plant Density
• Facility age
• Plant loss
• Season
• Plant spacing
Year 1 Year 2
Year 4

Invasive Species Removal –General
• Importance
• Frequency
• Environmentally sensitive practices
• Plant identification-use photo guides

Invasive Species Removal –By Hand
• Method
• Frequency
• Weed species knowledge
• Clean Up (removal of Biomass)

Invasive Species Removal –Mowing
• Equipment
• Method
• Height
• Frequency
• Edging
• Clean Up (removal of Biomass)

Invasive Species Removal –Edging & Trimming
• Purpose
• Equipment
• Method
• Frequency
• Clean Up (removal of
Biomass)

Invasive Species Removal –Burning
• Benefits
• Local regulations
• Method (Spot and Large Area)
• Frequency

Invasive Species Removal –Chemical
• Integrated Chemical Management
• Product Selection
• Timing
• Method/Application

Invasive Aquatic Species Removal
• Cattails
• Reed Canary Grass
• Algae

Invasive Woody Species Removal
• Location
• Equipment
• Method
• Frequency

Plant Maintenance
• Aesthetic Goals
• Frequency
• Plant Characteristics
• Watering
• Replacements
• Disease

Soil Amendments
• Type (Organic vs Inorganic
• Composition
• Frequency
• Application Rate
• Adjacent Areas

Pest Management
• Animal damage
• Insects

Resources
• APWA MARC Maunal of Best Management Practices for Stormwater Quality, Mid America Regional Council, August
2009
• “Maintaining Stormwater Systems: A Guidebook for Private Owners and Operators”, Northern Virginia Regional
Commission, January 2007
• “Practically Easy Landscape Maintenance: A Care Manual for Natural Drainage Systems”, Seattle Public
Utilities, 2005
• “Landscape Guide for Stormwater Best Management Practice Design”, Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District, 2009
• “A Citizen’s Guide to Maintaining Stormwater Best Management Practices”, Lake County Stormwater Management
Commission, October 2004
• “Stormwater Wet Pond and Wetlands Management Guidebook”, EPA 833-B-09-001 February 2009
• Stormwater BMPs Selection, Maintenance & Monitoring, Gordon England and Stuart Stein, July 2007

Questions?

Plant Maintenance for BMPs
Jason Dremsa- Applied Ecological Services

Overview
• Updates to the BMP Manual Maintenance
Tables
• First Year establishment Priorities
• Second & Third Year Establishment Priorities
• Continuing Maintenance Issues
• Resources for Maintenance (BMP Manual)

BMP Manual Maintenance Updates
Tables – Section 8
Typical Maintenance Activities:
• Rain Garden (8.1)
• Bioretention Cell (8.4.6)
• Extended Dry Detention Basin (8.12.6)

Activity Frequency
Establishment (1-3yrs)
Watering plants
(seeded areas up to 8 weeks, plugs and container plants in drought)
1” per week as
needed
Weed control
(flail mow, string-trim, selective/preemerg herbicides, mechanical removal , foliar herbicide)
Monthly
Remove litter and debris
(trash, leaves, sand, mower discharge)
Monthly
Monitor & repair erosion
(stabilize soil, replace plants, secure edging)
Monthly
Check for standing water
(longer than design, any puddles, saturated soil)
Monthly
Add mulch
(moisture & weed control with plugs/containers, 3” or less)
Annually
Inspect drainage area
(parking lot sweeping, open dumpsters, etc)
Annually
Replace dead plants
(use design species/size: overseed, install deep cell plugs, maintain density)
Annually, as needed

Activity Frequency
Establishment (3yrs+)
Vegetation cleanup
(string-trim, spot spray, prescribed burn, prune)
Annually, spring or fall
Evaluate plant composition
(woody invasion, grass/flower ratio, “right plant right place”)
Annually
Sediment removal, erosion control
(pretreatment structures: forebay, check dams, swale)
Annually
Address animal damage
(beaver dams, muskrat burrows, deer rubs)
Annually
Verify structural component function
(v-notch weir, check dams, outlet protection, area inlet, valve or gate lube, underdrain, inflows)
Annually

Activity Frequency
Native Vegetation Swale
String trim vegetation to minimize disturbance Annually
Inspect for erosion in flow lines and slopes Annually
Bioretention cell
Evaluate soils for nutrients, physical make-up Annually
Fortify edging material/adjacent landscape beds Annually
Typical maintenance activities are outlined to provide a basis for scheduling and
planning work but should not be considered wholly comprehensive or definitive.
Activities and frequencies will vary depending on site conditions and expectations
related to adjacent land use. Some activities shown may continue through the
establishment and maintenance phases. It’s important to use adaptive
management based on the goals of the practice and to integrate evaluation and
assessment into a long-term maintenance plan.
•Installation and Maintenance of Stormwater Treatment BMPs Workshop, December 2011

First Year/Establishment Priorities:
Erosion Control:
• Rills
• Gullies
Sheet Flow or Concentrated?
Annual Weeds: ID, removal, examples…

Annual weeds –
Definition:
• Annual plants complete their life cycle in one
year.
• A weed is a plant out of place.

Removing Annual weeds
• Annual weeds should be cut or broken off at
the base to limit soil disturbance; disturbance
after planting can lead to erosion and more
weeds.

Common Annual Weeds (in Johnson County/Kansas City)
List:
•ANNUAL BROAD LEAF WEEDS
:
•common sunflower
•mares tail
•giant ragweed
•common ragweed
•cocklebur
•lambs quarter
•prickly lettuce
•pigweed
•velvet leaf
•ANNUAL GRASS
WEEDS:
•fox tail (green,
yellow, & giant)

Annual Broad Leaf Weed Control :
common sunflower Helianthus annuus
•Found in
cultivated
land, pastures,
and BMPs
•2 to 10 feet tall

mares tail Conyza canadensis
•1 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
pastures, roadsid
es, and BMPs

giant ragweed Ambrosia trifida
•12 to 18 feet
tall on fertile,
moist soils; 4 to
8 feet in less
fertile, drier
areas
•Found mostly on
fertile, moist
soils, especially
bottomlands

common ragweed Ambrosia artemisiifolia
•Found in old
pastures, BMPs, r
oadsides, and
cultivated land
•1 to 4 feet tall

cocklebur Xanthium strumarium
•2 to 4 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated
fields, abandoned
land, poor
pastures, and
roadsides

lambs quarter Chenopodium album
•3 to 4 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated crops

prickly lettuce Lactuca serriola
•2 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
roadsides, fen
ce rows, and
BMPs

pigweed Amaranthus retroflexus
•up to 6 feet tall
•Found in
cultivated fields,
yards, fence
rows, and BMPs

velvet leaf Abutilon theophrasti
•often 6 to 8 feet tall
•Found principally
in soybean and
corn fields but
occasionally in
gardens, and along
fence rows

hedge parsely
•1-3 feet tall
•Found in
BMPs, edges of
woods, and low
shady places

Annual Grass Weed Control :
fox tail (green, yellow, giant) Setaria spp.
•Typically 1 to 4 feet tall
•Found in cultivated
crops, gardens, turf

Second &Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
• Replacement Planting
• Inlet, forebay, repair/cleaning, ?
• On-going Erosion Problems?
• Other Issues
-hydrology?
-photo of Blue Valley

Biennial weeds–
• A plant out of place that normally requires two
seasons to complete its life cycle, growing usually
as a rosette in the first season and producing
flowers and fruits and then dying in the second
season.
Perennial weeds –
• A plant out of place that lives for more than two
years, retuning from their root-stock; rather than
seeding themselves as an annual plant does.

• Removing Biennial weeds:
Cut stalk before seed production, Pull (with out
disturbing soil) kill Rosette with herbicide.
• Removing Perennial weeds:
Spray with herbicide or Pull (with out disturbing
soil) and/or burn with prescribed fire (if
permitted).

Common Biennial & Perennial Weeds (in Johnson County/Kansas City)
List:
•BIENNIAL WEEDS:
•Queen Anne’s lace
•musk thistle
•Sweet clover?
•PERENNIAL WEEDS:
•curly dock
•red clover
•white clover
•field bind weed
•johnsongrass -photo
•sericea lezpedeza -
photo
•reed canary grass

Biennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
Queen Anne’s lace Daucus carota
Second & Third Year/Establishment Priorities:
•1 to 3 feet tall
•Found in
meadows, past
ures, and
roadsides; not
in cultivated
fields

Biennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
musk thistle Carduus nutans
•Noxious Weed
•3 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
pastures, mead
ows, and BMPs

Perennial Broad Leaf Weed Control :
curley dock Rumex crispus
•1 to 4 feet tall
•Found in
pastures, roads
ides, new hay
fields, and
BMPs

red clover Trifolium pratense
•1 -3 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed sites

white clover Trifolium repens
•Up to .5 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed sites
and lawns

field bind weed Convolvulus arvensis
•Noxious Weed
•2 to 7 feet
long, twining or
spreading over
ground
•Able to persist and
spread in all
noncultivated areas

serecia lezpedeza Lespedeza cuneata
•Noxious Weed
•1 to 6 feet tall
•Found in
disturbed
prairies, pastures,
and along road
sides

Perennial Grass Weed Control :
reed canary grass Phalaris arundinacea
•Noxious weed
•2-6 feet tall
•Moderate
moisture,
moist, to wet;
shores,
marshes

Perennial Grass Weed Control :
johngrass Sorghum holepense
•Noxious weed
•1-1/2 to 6 feet or
•more tall
•Found in
overflow
bottoms and
disturbed sites

Resources for Maintenance of
Stormwater Management BMPs
• “Maintaining Stormwater Systems: A Guidebook for Private Owners and Operators”, Northern Virginia Regional
Commission, January 2007
• “Practically Easy Landscape Maintenance: A Care Manual for Natural Drainage Systems”, Seattle Public
Utilities, 2005
• “Landscape Guide for Stormwater Best Management Practice Design”, Metropolitan St Louis Sewer District, 2009
• “Georgia Stormwater Management Manual, Volume 2: Technical Handbook”, August 2001, Appendix E & F
• “Missouri Pond Handbook”, Missouri Dept of Conservation 2008
• “Aquatic Plants and Their Control”, Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and Cooperative
Extension Service 2005
• “Horticulture Report: Buffalo Grass Lawns” (MF 658), Kansas State University Agricultural Experiment Station and
Cooperative Extensive Service, Sept 2001
• “Stormwater Treatment: Assessment and Maintenance”, University of Minnesota, St Anthony Falls Laboratory
2010 (http://stormwaterbook.safl.umn.edu/)
• “Stormwater Wet Pond and Wetlands Management Guidebook”, EPA 833-B-09-001 February 2009

Questions

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