Python categorizes data types into mutable and immutable. Mutable types like lists and dictionaries can have their values changed, while immutable types like numbers, strings, and tuples cannot. Strings are sequences of characters that support operations like concatenation, repetition, and membership testing. They can be indexed and sliced, with positive indices from left to right and negative from right to left. Built-in functions like len() and capitalize() operate on strings. Lists are mutable sequences that can contain different data types and support operations like concatenation, repetition, membership testing, and slicing. Tuples are immutable sequences that behave similarly but cannot be modified once created.

1. DATA TYPES IN PYTHON
Python categorizes data types into two categories.
1. Mutable
2. Immutable
Mutable: The data types whose values can be changed (e.g. List & Dictionary)
Immutable: The data types whose values can not be changed(numbers , string and
tuple)

2. STRING
 Strings are a contiguous set of characters enclosed within quotes.
 (a) concatenation: joins thestrings into a single string.
 (b) repetition: repeats the string
 (c) membership: returns true if the character is member of the string
,otherwise returns false.

3. INDEXING IN STRINGS
 In a string each character is referenced by an Index number. In Python two types of indices are
are used:
(a) Positive integers are used to index from left to right.
(b) Negative integers are used to index from right to left.

4. STRING SLICING
 Slicing means to extract a piece/portion of an object from the original
object.
 SYNTAX: str[startIndex:endIndex]

5. BUILT IN STRING FUNCTIONS
 len() : It returns the number of characters in the string str including blank
spaces.
 Capitalize(): It returns the string with its first
letter in uppercase.
. isalnum(): It returns True if the string contains
only alphabets and digits, otherwise it returns
False.

6. STRING CONSTANTS
 string.asci_uppercase: displays a string containing all uppercase characters.
 String.asci_lowercase: displays a string containing all lowercase characters.
 string.punctuation: displays a string containing all punctuation characters.

7. LIST
 A List is a sequence of comma-separated values(items) enclosed in square
brackets.
 The items in a list need not be of the same data type.
 It is a mutable data type.

8. BASIC LIST OPERATION
 Concatenation
 Repetition
 Membership

9. LIST SLICING
i. It returns the fourth element in the
List.
ii.It returns the elements starting from index 2 to 4
iii. It updates the element present at
index 1

10. BUILT-IN LIST FUNCTIONS

11. LIST METHODS

12. TUPLE
 A tuple is a sequence of commas-separated values(items) enclosed in round
brackets.
 The items in a tuple need not have the same data type.
 A tuple is a sequence of immutable objects i.e. we can not substitute new
elements in a tuple.
 T1=() : An empty tuple is written as parentheses without a value.
 T2=(23, ) : To write a tuple with a single value, we have to include a comma
after it.