This document discusses data structures using C. It provides a list of recommended textbooks and reference books on the topic. It then outlines the topics that will be covered, including an introduction to data structures, data structure operations, basic terminology, and elementary data organization. Data structures are classified as either linear or non-linear, and examples of each type are given like arrays, linked lists, stacks, and queues for linear structures and trees and graphs for non-linear structures. Key concepts like entities, attributes, fields, records, and files are also defined.
Introduction of Data Structures and Algorithms by GOWRU BHARATH KUMARBHARATH KUMAR
Basic Terminology: Elementary Data Organization:
Data Structures Usage
Data Structures Implementation
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA STRUCTURES
DATA STRUCTURES OPERATIONS
Space-Time Trade-off
Searching Algorithms
In this you will learn about
1. Definitions
2. Introduction to Data Structures
3. Classification of Data structures
a. Primitive Data structures
i. int
ii. Float
iii. char
iv. Double
b. Non- Primitive Data structures
i. Linear Data structures
1. Arrays
2. Linked Lists
3. Stack
4. Queue
ii. Non Linear Data structures
1. Trees
2. Graphs
Entity relationship model, Components of ER model, Mapping E-R model to Relational schema, Network and Object-Oriented Data models, Storage Strategies: Detailed Storage Architecture, Storing Data, Magnetic Disk, RAID, Other Disks, Magnetic Tape, Storage Access, File & Record Organization, File Organizations & Indexes, Order Indices, B+ Tree Index Files, Hashing Data Dictionary
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Introduction of Data Structures and Algorithms by GOWRU BHARATH KUMARBHARATH KUMAR
Basic Terminology: Elementary Data Organization:
Data Structures Usage
Data Structures Implementation
CLASSIFICATION OF DATA STRUCTURES
DATA STRUCTURES OPERATIONS
Space-Time Trade-off
Searching Algorithms
In this you will learn about
1. Definitions
2. Introduction to Data Structures
3. Classification of Data structures
a. Primitive Data structures
i. int
ii. Float
iii. char
iv. Double
b. Non- Primitive Data structures
i. Linear Data structures
1. Arrays
2. Linked Lists
3. Stack
4. Queue
ii. Non Linear Data structures
1. Trees
2. Graphs
Entity relationship model, Components of ER model, Mapping E-R model to Relational schema, Network and Object-Oriented Data models, Storage Strategies: Detailed Storage Architecture, Storing Data, Magnetic Disk, RAID, Other Disks, Magnetic Tape, Storage Access, File & Record Organization, File Organizations & Indexes, Order Indices, B+ Tree Index Files, Hashing Data Dictionary
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS OF HEAT AND MASS TRANSFER IN CONDENSING HEAT EXCHANGERS...ssuser7dcef0
Power plants release a large amount of water vapor into the
atmosphere through the stack. The flue gas can be a potential
source for obtaining much needed cooling water for a power
plant. If a power plant could recover and reuse a portion of this
moisture, it could reduce its total cooling water intake
requirement. One of the most practical way to recover water
from flue gas is to use a condensing heat exchanger. The power
plant could also recover latent heat due to condensation as well
as sensible heat due to lowering the flue gas exit temperature.
Additionally, harmful acids released from the stack can be
reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation. reduced in a condensing heat exchanger by acid condensation.
Condensation of vapors in flue gas is a complicated
phenomenon since heat and mass transfer of water vapor and
various acids simultaneously occur in the presence of noncondensable
gases such as nitrogen and oxygen. Design of a
condenser depends on the knowledge and understanding of the
heat and mass transfer processes. A computer program for
numerical simulations of water (H2O) and sulfuric acid (H2SO4)
condensation in a flue gas condensing heat exchanger was
developed using MATLAB. Governing equations based on
mass and energy balances for the system were derived to
predict variables such as flue gas exit temperature, cooling
water outlet temperature, mole fraction and condensation rates
of water and sulfuric acid vapors. The equations were solved
using an iterative solution technique with calculations of heat
and mass transfer coefficients and physical properties.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
2. BOOKS
• Text Books
– 1. S. Lipschutz, “Data Structures”, Mc-Graw Hill
International Editions.
– 2. Robert L Kruse, Bruce P. Leung, Clovis L. Tondo,
“Data Structure and Program Design in C”, PHI.
– 3. Ellis Horowitz, S. Sahni, D. Mehta,
Fundamentals of Data Structures in C++”, Galgotia
Book Source, New Delhi.
4/24/2023 2
3. Books
• Reference Books
– 1. Y. Langsam, M. Augenstin and A. Tannenbaum,
“Data Structures using C and C++”, Pearson
Education Asia.
– 2. Jean-Paul Tremblay, Paul. G. Soresan, “An
introduction to data structures with Applications”,
Tata Mc-Graw Hill International Editions.
– 3. Elmasri, Navathe, ”Fundamental of Database
systems”, Pearson Education.
5. Topic to be discussed
• Introduction
• Data Structure Operations
• Basic Terminology
• Elementary Data Organization
6. Data Structure
• DATA
– Anything in real world
– Data are simply values or sets of values.
• STRUCTURE
– Organization of data
• using mathematical & logical model
4/24/2023 6
7. Data Structure
• Data may be organized in many different ways; the
logical or mathematical model of a particular
organization of data is called data structure.
– A logical data model (LDM) is a representation of an
organization's data, organized in terms of entities and
relationships and is independent of any particular data
management technology.
– A mathematical model is a description of a system (set of
interacting or interdependent components) using
mathematical concepts and language.
4/24/2023 7
8. Type of DS
• Primitive Data Structures
– Primitive Data Structures are the basic data
structures that directly operate upon the machine
instructions. they have different representations on
different computers.
• Non-primitive Data Structures
– Non-primitive data structures are more complicated
data structures and are derived from primitive data
structures. They emphasize on grouping same or
different data items with relationship between each
data item.
Arrays, Lists and Files come under this category.
4/24/2023 8
10. Data Structure
• Data structure are classified in the following
two categories:
– Linear Data structure
– Non linear Data structure
4/24/2023 10
11.
12. Linear Data structure
• In the Linear Data structures processing of
data items is possible in linear fashion i. e.
data can be processed one by one
sequentially.
• Linear Data structures includes following types
of data structures:
– Array
– Linked List
– Stack
– Queues
4/24/2023 12
13. Non linear Data structure
• A data structure in which insertion and
deletion is not possible in a linear fashion is
called Non linear Data structure.
• In this category of data structures:
– Tree
– Graph
4/24/2023 13
14. Data Structure Operations
• Traversing: accessing each record exactly once so that certain
items in the record may be processed.
• Searching: finding the location of the record with a given key
value, or finding the location of all records which satisfy one
or more conditions.
• Insertion: adding a new record to the structure.
• Deletion: remove a record from the structure.
• Sorting: arrange the record ascending or descending order.
• Merging: combining the records in two different sorted files
into a single sorted file.
• Update: change in the record.
4/24/2023 14
15. Basic terminology
• Elementary Data Organization
–Data are simply values or sets of values.
–A data items refers to a single unit of values.
• Examples student name, employee name etc
–Data items that are divided into sub-items
are called group items.
• For example, an employee’s name may be
divided into three subitems- first name, middle
name & last name.
• But ID number would normally be treated as a
single item.
16. Elementary Data Organization
• An entity is something that has certain
attributes or properties which may be
assigned values. The values themselves may
be either numeric or nonnumeric.
• Example1: Entity:-Person
– Attributes: Name Age Sex id Number
– Values: James 20 M 3030307
• Example2: Entity:- Chair
– Attributes: length width height foldable
– Values: 2feet 2 feet 2.5feet yes
17. Elementary Data Organization
• Collection of data are frequently organized into a
hierarchy of fields, records and files (tabular form).
• Field :
– A field is a single elementary unit of information
representing an attribute of an entity.
• Record :
– A record is the collection of field values of a given entity.
• File :
– A file is the location of records of the entities in a given
entity set.
• Example
– Suppose an automobile dealership maintains an inventory
file where each record contains the following data:
• Serial no. type year price Accessories
18. File : student
Field (Name) Field (age) Field
(address)
Field (state)
james 34 gzb up
tom 45 roorkee uk
ram 32 delhi delhi
Data/entity/file: Student
Attribute/Field: Name, Age, address and state
Values/record: james, 34, gzb, up…….
19. Elementary Data Organization
• Records may also be classified according to
length.
– Fixed-length records:
• all records contain the same data items with the same
amount of space assigned to each data items. Like
image
– Variable-length records:
• file records may contain different length.
– For example:
• Student records usually have variable length, since
different students take different numbers of courses.