Basic concepts of data base and their storage types

1. Database Concepts
 Four types of Database concepts are,
1. Hierarchical Database
2. Network Database
3. Object Oriented Model
4. Relational Database
 Problem with both hierarchical & network
database – complicated – inflexible database.
 Database can be prepared, edited & maintained
separately.

2. Database Concepts
1. Hierarchical Database:
 Organize data at different levels – contain one to one
relationship.
 For Ex. in (Fig.4.1): A is a parent & A1 & B1 are child.
Parent has got child. But there is no relationship
between A & B also A1 & B1. Quadtree is a type of
hierarchical type.
 Searching fast – updating easy in hierarchical
database.
 Disadvantage – linkage – only vertically but not
horizontally & diagonally.

3. Hierarchical Database

4. Database Concepts

5. Database Concepts
2. Network Database:
 Linkage between a parent with children of other
parent possible & flexibility exists – extent.
 (Fig.4.2) Parent A & B is in relation with child 1.

6. Database Concepts

7. Database Concepts
3. Object Oriented Model:
 Functions – model spatial & non-spatial
relationships – geographic objects – attributes.
 Encapsulated unit – characterized by attributes
– a set of orientations & rules.
 Object Oriented Model – Characterized by
generic properties – abstraction – adhoc queries
 Objects, classes & super classes are abstracted
well
 Object Orientation model exists but not – fullest
capability – GIS analysis.

8. Database Concepts

9. Database Concepts
 Data – stored – structure manner.
 Data not arranged – proper order – not easy to
analyse – unstructured data – known as flat file.

10. Database Concepts
4. Relational Database Concepts:
Three types of relationship exists are,
a) One to one
b) One to many
c) Many to one
 Source table – is first table – which data –
exported to other table – called destination table.
 One to one relationship – one record –
destination table – related with one record in
source table.

11. Database Concepts
 One to many relationship – one record in
destination table – related with many record in
source table.
 Many to one relationship – many records in
destination table – related with one record in the
source table.
 Data – entered by typing or exporting data from
other database packages.
 Data entered – verified with original data.

12. Database Concepts

13. Database Concepts

14. Flat file for a zone
Parc
el
No.
Owner Address Area Zo.
Cd
Landuse
type
101 Karthik 20, VK road 1500 1 Agri
101 Shyam 31, Raja Rd 1500 1 Agri
102 Shivanna 1, Rajaji Rd 2200 2 Builtup
102 Ragavener 59, Kumar Rd 2200 2 Built up
103 Vivek 8,Gowda Rd 1200 2 Built up
104 Peter 4, Avenue Rd 9000 1 Agri
104 Mubarak 40, Samy coly 9000 1 Agri