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Dada photography
1. Laszlo Moholy- Nagy
Laszlo Moholy-Nagy was born in a small farming town in southern Hungary. His father abandoned the family
when he was young, and his mother took Laszlo and his younger brother to live with their grandmother. âI lived
my childhood years in a terrible great quietness,â he later wrote. He left for Budapest in 1913 to study law, but his
studies were interrupted when he was drafted into the Army as an artillery officer in 1916. He experienced the
horror of war on the Russian and Italian fronts, which remained with him for the rest of his life. He drew daily
during this time as a soldier, sketching field life, his fellow officers, and the civilians he encountered. He discov-
ered a passion for drawing, and though he finished his law degree after the war ended, he had already decided to
become a painter.
By 1919, if not earlier, he was also experimenting with Dadaist compositions. And he may also have begun to
photograph at this time, probably introduced to photography by a friend, Ărzsi Landau, who had her own stu-
dio in Budapest. When the War ended, LĂĄszlĂł returned to Szeged, where he remained for almost a year before
leaving for Vienna at the end of 1919. In Vienna he joined the MA (Today) group of Hungarian avant-gardes in
exile, a group founded and led by the artist and 3 writer, Lajos KassĂĄk. But he found Vienna uncongenial and in
the spring of 1920 he moved on to Berlin.
Although Moholy-Nagy considered himself primarily a painter throughout much of his career, he also produced
a great deal of photography. His first wife, Lucia, whom he met in Berlin in 1920, was a talented photographer
and went on to record the Bauhaus years with her camera. They experimented with âphotogramsâ (camera-less
photographs in which light-sensitive paper is exposed directly to light), which allowed Moholy-Nagy to explore
light and shade, transparency, and form. While Moholy-Nagy was not the first to create this type of photograph,
he coined the name for the technique. In 1922, his success as a painter secured him a solo show at Galerie der
Sturm, the most popular gallery in Berlin. A year later he received an invitation to teach at the Bauhaus from
Walter Gropius.
Moholy-Nagy expressed himself more fully in the 11 films he made between 1926 and 1936. His first film, Berlin
Still-Life (1931), follows a documentary style he often employed. However, it was his famous Light-Play, Black-
White-Gray of 1930 that was distinctly avant-garde. In 1932, he and Lucia separated, and he married his second
wife, Sibyl, whom he had met at a film production studio. Their daughter Hattula was born in 1933.
âThe illiterate of the future will be the person ignorant of the use of the camera as well as the pen.â
From 1937 to 1947, Moholy-Nagy dedicated himself to teaching as much as to his own work. He negotiated a
five-year contract as director of the New Bauhaus in Chicago
Moholy-Nagy, however, became seriously ill and was diagnosed with leukemia in November 1945. After x-ray
treatment, he returned to work as diligently as ever. In November 1946, he attended the Museum of Modern
Artâs Conference on Industrial Design as a New Profession. This conference was his last stand for his ideas of art
education, especially the idea that art should guide industry rather than industrialists dictate design. He died
from internal hemorrhaging soon after his return from Chicago
http://www.geh.org/fm/Amico99/HTMLSRC2/moholy_sld00001.html
https://azurebumble.wordpress.com/2011/10/07/laszlo-moholy-nagy-photograms/
http://www.theartstory.org/artist-moholy-nagy-laszlo.htm#
DADA in NY http://www.ieeff.org/ny.html
2. Photogram or Rayography
Photograms
The photogram represents a unique art form requiring only the action of light on a photosensitive substrate.
The history of photography is punctuated by practitioners who have developed a technique or style that has
become a part of art history. The first period of âphotogramâ exploration was to gain scientific record of natural
objects (e.g. Anna Atkins). The second period was a rediscovery of the artistic potential as illustrated by Chris-
tian Schad, Man Ray and Lazlo Moholy-Nagy in the Dada, Surrealist and Constructivist periods of art, respec-
tively.
More recently, photogramists have utilized the photogram as a means of artistic expression to produce a wide
variety of designs and surreal imagery.
This imagery is being created using traditional silver-gelatin black and white materials and other photosensitive
media including cyanotype that are now considered alternative methods. Others are using both negative and
positive acting color photographic materials to create âphotogramsâ
http://www.photograms.org/Welcome.htm?m=1
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photogram
https://www.google.com/search?q=rayography&client=safari&rls=en&tbm=isch&tbo=u&source=univ&sa=X-
&ei=rVEMVYf8NrLasASlvIKIBw&ved=0CCUQsAQ&biw=1212&bih=711 images of rayography
https://john11photography.wordpress.com/2012/09/07/photogramrayographs-man-ray/
Man Ray
Man Ray, original name Emmanuel Radnitzky (born August 27, 1890, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, U.S.âdied
November 18, 1976, Paris, France), photographer, painter, and filmmaker who was the only American to play a
major role in both the Dada and Surrealist movements.
As early as 1911, he took up the pseudonym of Man Ray. As a young man, he was a regular visitor to Alfred
Stieglitzâs â291â gallery, where he was exposed to current art trends and earned an early appreciation for photog-
raphy. In 1915 Man Ray met the French artist Marcel Duchamp, and together they collaborated on many inven-
tions and formed the New York group of Dada artists. Like Duchamp, Man Ray began to produce ready-mades,
6. Berenice Abbott
Berenice Abbott was born in Springford, Ohio, in 1898. After graduating from Ohio State University she moved
to New York to study journalism, but eventually decided on sculpture and painting.
In 1921 she moved to Paris to study with sculptor Emile Bourdelle. Abbot also worked with the surrealist pho-
tographer, Man Ray (1923-25), before opening her own studio in Paris. She photographed the leading artists in
France and had her first exhibition at the Au Sacre du Printemps Gallery in 1926.
Berenice Abbottâs first photographs date from 1925 and were taken at Man Rayâs Paris studio. At the start of her
career she made a conscious decision, dictated by artistic and commercial considerations, to pursue portraiture.
She enjoyed immediate critical and financial success and within a year had her own studio and gallery showings.
The output of this first phase of her career is often referred to as ââParis Portraitsââ; but in reality some of these
photographs were taken in New York between 1929 and 1931, and it is impossible to differentiate stylistical-
ly between those made in one city or the other. All these portraits were made on medium to large glass plates.
Abbottâs career as a portraitist waned when the economic pressures of the Depression forced her to give up her
studio in 1931, by which time she was devoting herself to photographing New York.
Abbott returned to the United States in 1929 and embarked on a project to photograph New York. Abbottâs first
major photographic project, documenting New York City, began in 1929, shortly after she returned from Paris.
Her documentation of this growing and changing but ultimately timeless city is one of Abbottâs finest accom-
plishments. There is little doubt it is the best known. Abbottâs earliest photographs were simply notes, taken with
a small camera for future reference. The size of her negatives and scope of her project increased until finally, by
1932, all were made with her 8â x 10â Century Universal. Many of her well known New York images were pro-
duced under the auspices of The Federal Art Project from 1935 to 1939. However she continued to photograph
New York City through 1956.
7. In 1935 she managed to obtain funding for this venture from the Works Progress Administration (WPA) and
its Federal Art Project. In 1936 Abbott joined with Paul Strand to establish the Photo League. Its initial purpose
was to provide the radical press with photographs of trade union activities and political protests. Later the group
decided to organize local projects where members concentrated on photographing working class communities.
Abbottâs photographs of New York appeared in the exhibition, Changing New York, at the Museum of the City in
1937. A book, Changing New York, was published in 1939.
In 1939 Abbott began her most ambitious photographic project. Believing scientific phenomena to be as valid a
subject for artistic statements as man and his works, she undertook to prove that photography was the medium
uniquely qualified to unite art with science. She labored alone for nearly twenty years with little or no encourage-
ment until finally, in 1958, her work was recognized by the Physical Science Study Committee and she was hired
to work with that group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for three years. In this period, spanning
twenty-two years, Abbott produced thousands of photographs in formats ranging from 8â x 10â to 16â x 20â and
designed and patented a good deal of scientific equipment, including two cameras. Abbottâs scientific photo-
graphs are her most significant and in years to come they will perhaps be recognized as her outstanding accom-
plishment.
She is also published a Guide to Better Photography (1941). In the late 1950s Abbott began to take photographs
that illustrated the laws of physics. Berenice Abbott died in Monson, Maine, in 1991.
â I propose that this medium of photography is so young that it is not fully understood by experts or by photog-
raphers. The greatest influence obscuring the field has been pictorialism. At this point it may be appropriate to
define pictorialism. My definition would be something like this: that pictorialism means chiefly the making of
pleasant pretty pictures in the spirit of certain minor painters. What is more, the imitators of painting imitate the
superficial qualities of painting, are not themselves aware of the true values for which painting strives. The only
relationship is that of a two-dimensional image on a flat surface within a certain area, but the natures of those
two images are worlds apart. Photography can never grow up and stand on its own two feet if it imitates primari-
ly some other medium. It has to walk alone. It has to be itself.â
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11. glimpse of the atrocities committed by the Nazis in the camps. went to Hitlerâs private apartment
in Munich. Scherman photograph her washing herself in Hitlerâs bathtub, her muddy boots on
the bathmat. In 1945 Miller traveled throughout eastern Europe to see and photograph the dev-
astating aftermath of the war.
o. post-traumatic stress disorder following the war, she returned to London and continued to
take photographs, especially of artists and writers, such as Yves Tanguy, Ernst, Dorothea Tan-
ning, Wifredo Lam, Dylan Thomas, and Isamu Noguchi.
p. She married Penrose in 1947 and at age 40 became pregnant and gave birth to her son, Ant-
ony. Two years later Miller and Penrose bought Farley Farm House in East Sussex, where they
hosted artists and writers, many of whom she photographed in casual and intimate settings, in
particular Picasso, Millerâs final piece for Vogue (July 1953) was titled âWorking Guests,â and it
showed such art world figures as the director of New York Cityâs Museum of Modern Art Alfred
H. Barr, Jr., feeding the pigs she gave up photography to become a gormet cook and threw par-
ties where she would serve crazy foods she made up.DIED JULY 21, 1977, Farley Farm House,
Sussex,
4.Berenice Abbott
a. born in Springford, Ohio, in 1898. After graduating from Ohio State University she moved to
New York to study journalism, but eventually decided on sculpture and painting.
b.In 1921 she moved to Paris to study with sculptor Emile Bourdelle. Abbot also worked with
the surrealist photographer, Man Ray (1923-25), before opening her own studio in Paris. She
photographed the leading artists in France and had her first exhibition at the Au Sacre du Prin-
temps Gallery in 1926.
c. first photographs date from 1925 and were taken at Man Rayâs Paris studio. At the start of
her career she made a conscious decision, dictated by artistic and commercial considerations, to
pursue portraiture.
d.returned to the United States in 1929 and embarked on a project to photograph New York.
Abbottâs first major photographic project, documenting New York City,
e.Abbottâs earliest photographs were simply notes, taken with a small camera for future refer-
ence. The size of her negatives and scope of her project increased until finally, by 1932, all were
made with her 8â x 10â Century Universal.
f. In 1935 she managed to obtain funding for this venture from the Works Progress Adminis-
tration (WPA) and its Federal Art Project. In 1936 Abbott joined with Paul Strand to establish
the Photo League.
g A book, Changing New York, was published in 1939.
h.. She labored alone for nearly twenty years with little or no encouragement until finally, in
1958, her work was recognized by the Physical Science Study Committee and she was hired to
work with that group at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology for three years.
i.Abbott produced thousands of photographs in formats ranging from 8â x 10â to 16â x 20â
and designed and patented a good deal of scientific equipment, including two cameras. Abbottâs
scientific photographs are her most significant and in years to come they will perhaps be recog-
nized as her outstanding accomplishment.
j. died in Monson, Maine, in 1991.