Part 1 Interest RatesMacroeconomic factors that influence inter.docxssuser562afc1
Part 1: Interest Rates
Macroeconomic factors that influence interest rates in general
The variables influencing microfinance interest rates for MFIs can be characterized into two general gatherings: 1) interior – the components MFIs can impact: for example work costs, specialized help, creations; or 2) outer – political risks, full scale factors, authoritative risk, and four fundamental parts reflected in the microfinance interest rates: working costs, cost of assets, advance misfortune costs, and benefit. Working expenses speak to around 60 % of the all out MFI costs and generally rely upon the credit size, age, area and customer's appraising, and so on.
Macroeconomic factors is your industry most sensitive
Like most businesses, the carrier business is affected by the monetary cycle's pinnacles and troughs. The present development in created economies—like the U.S. that is driven by the extricating money related strategy—has brought about an ascent in business certainty, mechanical creation, and universal exchange.
Impacts on the interest rates experienced within your chosen industry
In any industry, the economy assumes a urgent job that incorporates the general development of the division, and common flight, with the ever-developing interest, is no special case. To give a major picture, Airbus GMF 2016 evaluations the 20-year interest for new traveler and cargo airplane to be a little more than 33,000 airplane comprising a market estimation of over USD $5.2 trillion underlining and setting up the effect of market development.
Part 2: Stock Valuation, Risk and Returns
Stock Valuation. As indicated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (or BEA), the genuine total national output (or GDP) expanded 4% every year in 2Q14 in the wake of diminishing 2.1% in 1Q14. With financial and modern development, work rates have expanded. This has prompted higher genuine extra cash.
From Video
My company doesn't have stocks right now, so I'll use Costco Wholesale as an example to explain the stock valuation. Future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions formula:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
P0 = Stock Price;
Div1= Estimated dividends for the next period;
r = Required Rate of Return;
g = Growth Rate
In this formula, we need to know the value of estimated dividends for the next period; required rate and return as well as growth rate. Let’s get each number individually.
g: Growth Rate = Retention Ratio x ROE
0.52 x 0.24 = 0.1248
r: Required Rate of Return.
R = D / P0 + g
0.65 / 296.09 + 0.1248 = 0.1269
Div1: Estimated dividends for the next period is 65c. Therefore, the future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions are:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
0.65 / 0.0021 = $309.52
The present stock worth and the assessed stock worth utilizing the Dividend Discount Model is higher on account of the contenders are attempting to get into the membership segment showcase. Likewise, Amazon and Sam's club have improved their online store distribution centers. So all in all, financing an organi.
Part 1 Interest RatesMacroeconomic factors that influence inter.docxkarlhennesey
Part 1: Interest Rates
Macroeconomic factors that influence interest rates in general
The variables influencing microfinance interest rates for MFIs can be characterized into two general gatherings: 1) interior – the components MFIs can impact: for example work costs, specialized help, creations; or 2) outer – political risks, full scale factors, authoritative risk, and four fundamental parts reflected in the microfinance interest rates: working costs, cost of assets, advance misfortune costs, and benefit. Working expenses speak to around 60 % of the all out MFI costs and generally rely upon the credit size, age, area and customer's appraising, and so on.
Macroeconomic factors is your industry most sensitive
Like most businesses, the carrier business is affected by the monetary cycle's pinnacles and troughs. The present development in created economies—like the U.S. that is driven by the extricating money related strategy—has brought about an ascent in business certainty, mechanical creation, and universal exchange.
Impacts on the interest rates experienced within your chosen industry
In any industry, the economy assumes a urgent job that incorporates the general development of the division, and common flight, with the ever-developing interest, is no special case. To give a major picture, Airbus GMF 2016 evaluations the 20-year interest for new traveler and cargo airplane to be a little more than 33,000 airplane comprising a market estimation of over USD $5.2 trillion underlining and setting up the effect of market development.
Part 2: Stock Valuation, Risk and Returns
Stock Valuation. As indicated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (or BEA), the genuine total national output (or GDP) expanded 4% every year in 2Q14 in the wake of diminishing 2.1% in 1Q14. With financial and modern development, work rates have expanded. This has prompted higher genuine extra cash.
From Video
My company doesn't have stocks right now, so I'll use Costco Wholesale as an example to explain the stock valuation. Future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions formula:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
P0 = Stock Price;
Div1= Estimated dividends for the next period;
r = Required Rate of Return;
g = Growth Rate
In this formula, we need to know the value of estimated dividends for the next period; required rate and return as well as growth rate. Let’s get each number individually.
g: Growth Rate = Retention Ratio x ROE
0.52 x 0.24 = 0.1248
r: Required Rate of Return.
R = D / P0 + g
0.65 / 296.09 + 0.1248 = 0.1269
Div1: Estimated dividends for the next period is 65c. Therefore, the future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions are:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
0.65 / 0.0021 = $309.52
The present stock worth and the assessed stock worth utilizing the Dividend Discount Model is higher on account of the contenders are attempting to get into the membership segment showcase. Likewise, Amazon and Sam's club have improved their online store distribution centers. So all in all, financing an organi ...
European management review 2021 - mahmoud - locus of control as a moderator...Ali Mahmoud
We develop and test an integrated model to understand how individual differences based on internal or external locus of control can influence the effects of COVID-19 perceptions on job insecurity, anxiety, alienation, job satisfaction, customer orientation, organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), and turnover intention among customer service employees working in hospitality organisations in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. The investigation utilises variance-based Structural Equation Modelling to evaluate a sample of 847 subject responses. We found that externally controlled employees are more likely to develop negative emotions as a result of pandemic-triggered job insecurity as well as poorer customer orientation and engagement in OCB due to worsened job satisfaction than those internally controlled. Wholistically, COVID-19 perceptions tend to indirectly hit externally controlled employees’ anxiety, customer orientation and OCB more intensely than those with internal locus of control.
Agility as An Effective Approach During Covid-19: Evidence from Five-Star Hot...Dr. Ali Alalmai
Abstract. With the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic and its great impact on various organizations; the importance of agility has emerged as a supportive source for the survival of organizations and their continuation in the work environment. Agility enhances the ability of these organizations to cope with changes in the work environment, and to exploit all the opportunities available. The study aimed to assess the extent to which the five-star hotels in Saudi Arabia are considered agile hotels, as well as the extent to which they possess a competitive advantage. The study also aimed to assess the impact of organizational agility on those hotels having a competitive advantage. To achieve the goal of the study, 1200 questionnaires were distributed to a random sample of workers in five-star hotels, while 809 valid questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS V.25. The results showed that the five-star hotels in Saudi Arabia are considered to be agile hotels, in addition to their having a competitive advantage. The results also indicated the significant and positive impact of organizational agility on hotels' having a competitive advantage.
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CSR INITIATED LEATHER-BASED INDUSTRIES DURING CO...THIRUVALLUVAR UNIVERSITY
The leather industry is one of the oldest traditional industries. It makes a significant contribution
towards economic growth, balanced regional development, employment generation and overall
poverty reduction in the field of leather and allied product manufacturing. The dramatic spread of
Covid-19 has threatened human lives, disrupted livelihoods, and affected trade, economy, and
businesses across the globe. This pandemic situation is an alarming humanitarian crisis that seeks
intensive care and support from the public’s health, livelihood, employment, and income of citizens
remains questionable. So, companies start to engage in CSR activities in order to respond to a
Corporate Governance towards Philanthropic activities during the Covid-19 Pandemic. While taking
into consideration the effects of CSR, it is vigorously affected both companies and consumers. This
research paper mainly concentrates on the impact of the Socio-Economic condition of Leather-based
Industries in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and
data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The results of the study found that the spread of
Covid-19 had a major economic and social impact on the employees working in leather-based
industries. This research attempts to explore the socio-economic impact of CSR-initiated leatherbased
industries during the Covid-19 pandemic. Profoundly, some positive effects can be seen in
terms of improved air quality, water quality, wildlife but the sustainability of such impact is
conditional upon post-Covid and people's habits and future policies related to the environment.
Part 1 Interest RatesMacroeconomic factors that influence inter.docxssuser562afc1
Part 1: Interest Rates
Macroeconomic factors that influence interest rates in general
The variables influencing microfinance interest rates for MFIs can be characterized into two general gatherings: 1) interior – the components MFIs can impact: for example work costs, specialized help, creations; or 2) outer – political risks, full scale factors, authoritative risk, and four fundamental parts reflected in the microfinance interest rates: working costs, cost of assets, advance misfortune costs, and benefit. Working expenses speak to around 60 % of the all out MFI costs and generally rely upon the credit size, age, area and customer's appraising, and so on.
Macroeconomic factors is your industry most sensitive
Like most businesses, the carrier business is affected by the monetary cycle's pinnacles and troughs. The present development in created economies—like the U.S. that is driven by the extricating money related strategy—has brought about an ascent in business certainty, mechanical creation, and universal exchange.
Impacts on the interest rates experienced within your chosen industry
In any industry, the economy assumes a urgent job that incorporates the general development of the division, and common flight, with the ever-developing interest, is no special case. To give a major picture, Airbus GMF 2016 evaluations the 20-year interest for new traveler and cargo airplane to be a little more than 33,000 airplane comprising a market estimation of over USD $5.2 trillion underlining and setting up the effect of market development.
Part 2: Stock Valuation, Risk and Returns
Stock Valuation. As indicated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (or BEA), the genuine total national output (or GDP) expanded 4% every year in 2Q14 in the wake of diminishing 2.1% in 1Q14. With financial and modern development, work rates have expanded. This has prompted higher genuine extra cash.
From Video
My company doesn't have stocks right now, so I'll use Costco Wholesale as an example to explain the stock valuation. Future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions formula:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
P0 = Stock Price;
Div1= Estimated dividends for the next period;
r = Required Rate of Return;
g = Growth Rate
In this formula, we need to know the value of estimated dividends for the next period; required rate and return as well as growth rate. Let’s get each number individually.
g: Growth Rate = Retention Ratio x ROE
0.52 x 0.24 = 0.1248
r: Required Rate of Return.
R = D / P0 + g
0.65 / 296.09 + 0.1248 = 0.1269
Div1: Estimated dividends for the next period is 65c. Therefore, the future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions are:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
0.65 / 0.0021 = $309.52
The present stock worth and the assessed stock worth utilizing the Dividend Discount Model is higher on account of the contenders are attempting to get into the membership segment showcase. Likewise, Amazon and Sam's club have improved their online store distribution centers. So all in all, financing an organi.
Part 1 Interest RatesMacroeconomic factors that influence inter.docxkarlhennesey
Part 1: Interest Rates
Macroeconomic factors that influence interest rates in general
The variables influencing microfinance interest rates for MFIs can be characterized into two general gatherings: 1) interior – the components MFIs can impact: for example work costs, specialized help, creations; or 2) outer – political risks, full scale factors, authoritative risk, and four fundamental parts reflected in the microfinance interest rates: working costs, cost of assets, advance misfortune costs, and benefit. Working expenses speak to around 60 % of the all out MFI costs and generally rely upon the credit size, age, area and customer's appraising, and so on.
Macroeconomic factors is your industry most sensitive
Like most businesses, the carrier business is affected by the monetary cycle's pinnacles and troughs. The present development in created economies—like the U.S. that is driven by the extricating money related strategy—has brought about an ascent in business certainty, mechanical creation, and universal exchange.
Impacts on the interest rates experienced within your chosen industry
In any industry, the economy assumes a urgent job that incorporates the general development of the division, and common flight, with the ever-developing interest, is no special case. To give a major picture, Airbus GMF 2016 evaluations the 20-year interest for new traveler and cargo airplane to be a little more than 33,000 airplane comprising a market estimation of over USD $5.2 trillion underlining and setting up the effect of market development.
Part 2: Stock Valuation, Risk and Returns
Stock Valuation. As indicated by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (or BEA), the genuine total national output (or GDP) expanded 4% every year in 2Q14 in the wake of diminishing 2.1% in 1Q14. With financial and modern development, work rates have expanded. This has prompted higher genuine extra cash.
From Video
My company doesn't have stocks right now, so I'll use Costco Wholesale as an example to explain the stock valuation. Future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions formula:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
P0 = Stock Price;
Div1= Estimated dividends for the next period;
r = Required Rate of Return;
g = Growth Rate
In this formula, we need to know the value of estimated dividends for the next period; required rate and return as well as growth rate. Let’s get each number individually.
g: Growth Rate = Retention Ratio x ROE
0.52 x 0.24 = 0.1248
r: Required Rate of Return.
R = D / P0 + g
0.65 / 296.09 + 0.1248 = 0.1269
Div1: Estimated dividends for the next period is 65c. Therefore, the future Costco Wholesale Corp stock predictions are:
P0 = Div1 / (r – g)
0.65 / 0.0021 = $309.52
The present stock worth and the assessed stock worth utilizing the Dividend Discount Model is higher on account of the contenders are attempting to get into the membership segment showcase. Likewise, Amazon and Sam's club have improved their online store distribution centers. So all in all, financing an organi ...
European management review 2021 - mahmoud - locus of control as a moderator...Ali Mahmoud
We develop and test an integrated model to understand how individual differences based on internal or external locus of control can influence the effects of COVID-19 perceptions on job insecurity, anxiety, alienation, job satisfaction, customer orientation, organisational citizenship behaviour (OCB), and turnover intention among customer service employees working in hospitality organisations in the Middle East and North African (MENA) region. The investigation utilises variance-based Structural Equation Modelling to evaluate a sample of 847 subject responses. We found that externally controlled employees are more likely to develop negative emotions as a result of pandemic-triggered job insecurity as well as poorer customer orientation and engagement in OCB due to worsened job satisfaction than those internally controlled. Wholistically, COVID-19 perceptions tend to indirectly hit externally controlled employees’ anxiety, customer orientation and OCB more intensely than those with internal locus of control.
Agility as An Effective Approach During Covid-19: Evidence from Five-Star Hot...Dr. Ali Alalmai
Abstract. With the emergence of the Covid-19 pandemic and its great impact on various organizations; the importance of agility has emerged as a supportive source for the survival of organizations and their continuation in the work environment. Agility enhances the ability of these organizations to cope with changes in the work environment, and to exploit all the opportunities available. The study aimed to assess the extent to which the five-star hotels in Saudi Arabia are considered agile hotels, as well as the extent to which they possess a competitive advantage. The study also aimed to assess the impact of organizational agility on those hotels having a competitive advantage. To achieve the goal of the study, 1200 questionnaires were distributed to a random sample of workers in five-star hotels, while 809 valid questionnaires were analyzed using SPSS V.25. The results showed that the five-star hotels in Saudi Arabia are considered to be agile hotels, in addition to their having a competitive advantage. The results also indicated the significant and positive impact of organizational agility on hotels' having a competitive advantage.
THE SOCIO-ECONOMIC IMPACT OF CSR INITIATED LEATHER-BASED INDUSTRIES DURING CO...THIRUVALLUVAR UNIVERSITY
The leather industry is one of the oldest traditional industries. It makes a significant contribution
towards economic growth, balanced regional development, employment generation and overall
poverty reduction in the field of leather and allied product manufacturing. The dramatic spread of
Covid-19 has threatened human lives, disrupted livelihoods, and affected trade, economy, and
businesses across the globe. This pandemic situation is an alarming humanitarian crisis that seeks
intensive care and support from the public’s health, livelihood, employment, and income of citizens
remains questionable. So, companies start to engage in CSR activities in order to respond to a
Corporate Governance towards Philanthropic activities during the Covid-19 Pandemic. While taking
into consideration the effects of CSR, it is vigorously affected both companies and consumers. This
research paper mainly concentrates on the impact of the Socio-Economic condition of Leather-based
Industries in Vellore district, Tamil Nadu. This study was conducted using a qualitative approach and
data analysis techniques using descriptive statistics. The results of the study found that the spread of
Covid-19 had a major economic and social impact on the employees working in leather-based
industries. This research attempts to explore the socio-economic impact of CSR-initiated leatherbased
industries during the Covid-19 pandemic. Profoundly, some positive effects can be seen in
terms of improved air quality, water quality, wildlife but the sustainability of such impact is
conditional upon post-Covid and people's habits and future policies related to the environment.
1. Statement of Course ObjectivesThe objective of the Directed.docxgasciognecaren
1. Statement of Course Objectives
The objective of the Directed Readings is to provide an organized and systematic study and research arrangement. This arrangement is expected to facilitate completion of course goals, and to add valuable experience for the student's career.
The main focus of the research will be … some introduction, motivation.
In this project, I will analyze … I will also analyze …
At the end of this project, I hope to better understand … I am a … major, and I am interested in a career in … Accordingly, I think acquiring an understanding of these issues would be valuable in the future because …
2. Bibliography
For the study, the student will use various sources including media coverage, prior published research articles and books, case studies, as well as financial data.
Media coverage
The use of business media coverage should help to give a 'current-event' type feel to the research. These media include WSJ, NYT, Forbes among others.
Research articles and books
Case studies
Financial data
The student may use different online resources such as academic journals and industry databases to further the research.
Macroeconomic data
Institutional data
3. Methodology
Depending upon the nature of the proposed topic, the student is expected to … (how you will go about conducting research on the topics you proposed, is it qualitative vs. quantitative, where will you draw your sources of information, how will you structure/draft your reports ….)
4. Evaluation
Evaluation for course grade will be based on the following considerations:
· Importance of identified topics.
· Breadth and depth of review of existing and concurrent studies.
· Analyzing the topics: method, rigor, depth.
· Positioning this research in broader perspective and convey the findings effectively.
Case Study objective and instructions:
Objective:
This assessment relates to the unit learning outcomes as in the unit descriptor. This assessment is designed to evaluate student’s ability to identify the key phases of projects and to successfully manage the projects by using various IT project management tools and techniques.
The following ULOs are assessed in this assessment.
LO1 Demonstrate ability to skillfully manage projects by putting to effective use various IT project management tools and techniques.
LO2 Critically analyze project parameters and identify the key processes from the available project management book of knowledge in practical case scenarios.
INSTRUCTIONS
In this assignment you will use the IT project management knowledge area and the tools used in project initiation and planning to prepare a project charter for the Case Studybelow. Make sure to analyse the project management parameters and identify the actors relevant to the case study and mention the project scope, constraints and assumptions.
For this assessment, you will prepare a project charter based on the business case given below. Your report should be limited to approx. 1.
Challenges Faced By Entertainment IndustryIntroductionUn.docxtidwellveronique
Challenges Faced By Entertainment Industry
Introduction
Under the current competitive and dramatically ever-changing environment, many companies are succeeding whereas at the same time many are failing terribly. Offering the right products for the right markets at the right time is the main reason why some companies and it states an important way in terms of forecasting the shape of things, analyzing strategic alternatives and developing greater sensitivity to long-term implications.
Analyzing situation prior a strategic decision is critical for generating or sustaining competitive advantages, especially when facing the dynamic environmental trend, which can affect corporations’ performance positively or negatively. The main task for a situation analysis is to explore the external factors and internal factors and requires a corporation using its relative corporate strengths to better satisfy customer needs and finally achieve maximum positive differentiation over its competitors in a numbers of internal and external variables. The market situation today is changing rapidly followed by increasing keen competitors hence the main objective is to maintain competitive advantage
Background
Today, Entertainment Industry is a significant part of the society. It takes different forms like televisions, prints, and films. It also includes smaller segments like radio, music, OOH, animation, gaming and visual effects (VFX) and Internet advertising (Peterson, 1994, P.78). Nearly everyone uses either of the above. For instance it is common to see people taking photos or video or even accessing Internet using their mobile phone. Entertainment Industry has become one of the icons of today’s life, a symbol of an instant society, connection and organization. Many people find Entertainment exceedingly convenient resources for everyday life, but very few people stop to consider the negative impacts the Entertainment Industry forms could have on society if not handled appropriately or in the right places. Behind the iconic triviality lie grave issues, which have a negative impact to the members of the society. While different forms are arguably convenient, they can also be rather obnoxious (Dowswell, 2002, P.57). This report explores the different challenges facing the Entertainment Industry.
Problem statement
The purpose of this research is to investigate the challenges facing Entertainment Industry. It intends to explore how different entertainment forms can adversely affect general welfare the society. The entertainment industry is ever changing and faces challenges mainly from technological changes, changes in consumer behavior, and variety of different forms, which make the industry unstable and create an unpredictable environment (Lüsted, 2011, P.123). The media and entertainment organizations are obliged to become efficient, proactive, forward thinking and embrace the technological advancements in the industry.
The traditional approach used by most ...
Research Proposal - CSR - The Voice of the StakeholderAmany Hamza
In light of the recent financial crisis, the practices of CSR have come to the fore in media reports and academic debates. In this context, the goal of this research is, first, to examine the impact of the financial crisis on the implications of CSR activities in relation to stakeholders’ expectations in the financial services industry and, second, to help banking managers to understand what should be done for the benefit of their stakeholders and their own business sustainability.
What were they trying to achieveIn 1991, DIA attempted to rem.docxphilipnelson29183
What were they trying to achieve?
In 1991, DIA attempted to remodel and upgrade the arduous, time-consuming luggage check-in and transfer system. The idea involved bar-coded tags being fixed to each piece of luggage that went through ‘Destination Coded Vehicles’. This would fully automate all baggage transfers, integrate all three terminals, and reduce aircraft turn-around time significantly.
Why did they fail?
The main cause of failure was the scope creep of quality and cost schedule. When the company DIA was contracted to help in BAE’s project, they failed to meet the time schedule of the company. They instead stuck to their schedule of two years. The management took unnecessary risked because the project was underscored yet the management took unnecessary risks. Another item in their agenda which the company ignored: the company ignored the airline’s planning sessions and omitted the airline as a stakeholder. The project, as a result, featured oversized sports/ski equipment luggage and separate maintenance track and another track was not designed at all. The large part of the system was not done and had to be redone. This made the airport to be delayed by 16 months and has had a loss of $2 billion were incurred as a result. The project was later scrapped.
Lesson learned in the project is stakeholder engagement in project management. From the project management principles, the two companies failed to communicate to one another during the project until it was too late. Communication is one of the pillars in for project success. Another mistake which DIA committed was failing to plan and consult regularly.
References
Hartmann, T., & Spit, T. (2016). Legitimizing differentiated flood protection levels–Consequences of the European flood risk management plan. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 361-367.
Benson, D., Lorenzoni, I., & Cook, H. (2016). Evaluating social learning in England flood risk management: An ‘individual-community interaction’perspective. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 326-334.
Chan, M. J., Huang, Y. B., Wen, Y. H., Chuang, H. Y., Tain, Y. L., Wang, Y. C. L., & Hsu, C. N. (2015). Compliance with risk management plan recommendations on laboratory monitoring of antitumor necrosis factor-α therapy in clinical practice. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.
Running head: BCG MATRIX COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS FOR MEDTRONIC 1
BCG MATRIX COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS FOR MEDTRONIC 2
BCG Matrix Competitive Analysis for Medtronic
Tyrell S Grant
BCG Matrix Competitive Analysis for Medtronic
BCG Matrix
Medtronic is a multinational organization that specializes in the production of different medical devices. The company has different Strategic Business Units (SBU) that are also known as departments. The departments are divided depending on the roles being played, and these are what that determines that amount of finances that will be invested in the department. The reason is that the different roles earn profits or .
Sympathy and-benevolence-of-business-entities-evidence-during-the-covid-19-pa...Dr. Umair Ahmed
Abstract
This study aims to validate the existence of “rational sympathy” and “universal benevolence”
prescribed by Smith’s Moral Sentiment Theory among business entities during the COVID-19
pandemic outbreak. The study has optimized the qualitative analysis on secondary data to gain an
introspective pertaining to the objectives. The analysed subjects consist of the news reporting on the
action taken by particular business actors during the pandemic outbreak and movement order
control. The material are analysed in terms of the prescribed dimensions comprise of voluntary-based
action, non-reciprocal giving and aim the good cause of society. The findings indicate that rational
sympathy and universal benevolence do exist within the current context of business environment.
The business participants’ rational sympathy and self-interest motive has benefited the society
through the offering a wide range of products and services during the normal situation and
tranquillity context. Nevertheless, in the highly agitated and disturbance context, the business
players resort to universal benevolence motive, thus giving their utmost priority to the greater
interest of the state and sovereignty.
Keywords: Business, Ethics, Moral Sentiment Theory, COVID-19, Economy
Sympathy and Benevolence of Business Entities: Evidence during the COVID-19 P...Dr. Umair Ahmed
Abstract
This study aims to validate the existence of “rational sympathy” and “universal benevolence”
prescribed by Smith’s Moral Sentiment Theory among business entities during the COVID-19
pandemic outbreak. The study has optimized the qualitative analysis on secondary data to gain an
introspective pertaining to the objectives. The analysed subjects consist of the news reporting on the
action taken by particular business actors during the pandemic outbreak and movement order
control. The material are analysed in terms of the prescribed dimensions comprise of voluntary-based
action, non-reciprocal giving and aim the good cause of society. The findings indicate that rational
sympathy and universal benevolence do exist within the current context of business environment.
The business participants’ rational sympathy and self-interest motive has benefited the society
through the offering a wide range of products and services during the normal situation and
tranquillity context. Nevertheless, in the highly agitated and disturbance context, the business
players resort to universal benevolence motive, thus giving their utmost priority to the greater
interest of the state and sovereignty.
With the rapid advancement of technology, the 21st century has brought us a dynamic terrain that has given rise to extremely competitive markets. In addition to spurring innovation, technological developments have also resulted in a deterioration of public confidence in the banking industry, which has been made worse by recent high-profile cases of financial misbehavior. Businesses are under increasing pressure to operate well and sustainably for the good of their clients, shareholders, and the company as a whole. These pressures range from environmental concerns to human rights violations. Organizations must outline plans in order to successfully navigate this complicated terrain and address societal needs while ensuring future success. Companies that want to compete successfully in marketplaces with cutting-edge technology must address ethical issues. Businesses must find a careful balance between financial imperatives, environmental sustainability, and respecting human rights within their strategy frameworks in an era marked by widespread corporate disobedience and non-compliance. Public fear has been exacerbated by recently reported banking scandals, which include employee dishonesty such as opening bogus accounts, market manipulation schemes, and deficiencies in compliance processes. These violations, which go unpunished for long stretches of time, highlight how urgent it is that businesses have strong corporate social responsibility policies. According to this study, businesses that actively participate in corporate social responsibility (CSR) have a higher chance of long-term success, highlighting the importance of morality and social responsibility in overcoming the difficulties presented by modern markets.
This work is aimed at identifying causal factors of attrition & retention and to produce a predictive model that could help to plan reduced attrition and increased retention at management level. This study is triggered due to high attrition scenario in BTO. Key points of this work are
• Attrition & Retention are mutually exclusive, having different set of factors
• A combination Herzberg’s Dual Factor Theory of Motivation, Hackman & Oldham’s Job Characteristic Model and ASA frame work helps best to model the current attrition in the industry.
• There are 8 set of factors which explains attrition and 4 set of factors which explains retention
A combination of Employee Motivation, Employee Satisfaction, Employee Involvement & Life Interest and Work Compatibility ensure prolonged association of an employee to an Organization
aturno, R.N.R III,
2
Sebia, Ron Rainer B.,
3Ybanez, C.J,
4Mrs. Irma Gatdula
1,2,3 Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
4Adviser
DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY- DASMARIÑAS
College of Tourism and Hospitality Management
Hospitality Management Department
Abstract: This study aims to determine the economic impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic (Covid-19) to the milk
tea stores in Imus Cavite. In this study, the researchers used percentage and frequency to analyze the data to apply
the descriptive form of research. The respondents of this study are the owners and employees of the DTI-registered
stores. Milk Tea is mostly popular to Gen-Z or Millennials. Moreover, milk tea is not a necessity during the
pandemic as perceived by the respondents, but there are still loyal customers that patronize the products. This
study further aims to know the store owner’s response to COVID-19’s impact to the store operations. Based on the
findings, the researchers suggest strengthening the implementation of the health protocols and preventive
measures to ensure safety of both employees and customers and create promotions to boost sales amidst COVID19 pandemic.
Twitter Based Sentimental Analysis of Impact of COVID-19 on Economy using Naï...CSCJournals
COVID-19 outbreak brought unprecedented changes to people’s lives and made significant impact on the US and world economy. It wrought havoc on livelihood, businesses and ultimately the economy. Understanding how the sentiment on economy is changing and main factors that drives the change will help the public to make sense of the impact and generating relief measures. In this paper we present a novel Naïve Bayes model using a word-based training approach to perform the analysis and determine the sentiment of Twitter posts. The novelty of this methodology is that we use labelled set of words to classify the tweets to perform sentimental analysis as opposed to the more expensive methods of manually classifying the tweets. We then perform analysis on the resulting labelled tweets to observe the trend of economy from February 2020 to July 2020 and determine how COVID-19 impacted the economy based on what people posted on Twitter. We found our data was largely inclined towards negative sentiment indicating that the economy had been largely negatively impacted as a result of COVID-19. Further, we correlate the sentiment with the stock market index aka Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) because stock market movement closely mirrors the economic sentiment and is shown as one of the main factors influencing people's attitude change from our sentimental analysis. We found strong correlation between the two, indicating stock market change is one of the driving factors behind people's opinion change about economy during pandemic. This work proposed and tested a generic lower-cost text-based model to analysis generic public’s opinion about an event which can be adopted to analyze other topics.
paper critically evaluates how effective social impact measurement can lead to the legitimacy and prospering of social enterprises (SEs). Effective balancing of economic and social purposes contributes towards high SEs performance and should be mirrored in specific monetarized indicators. There is no doubt that effective measurement of the operations and the outputs of SEs is a step toward achieving the desirable social change and at the same time remaining a healthy and sustainable as an entity. Trade-offs and tensions are inevitable in dual purpose organizations and success is more likely when leaders of SEs address them on hand. I focus my examination on the Social Return of Investment (SROI) framework which was significant developed both from the academic and business community. SROI tool is not just a descriptive report. It is a methodology that turns the benefits of social action into a monetary equivalent. This makes social impact more readily assessable and controllable, especially for financial markets participants like banks and debt providers, who appreciate monetizing. Social Businesses can use this tool in order to keep a sustainable long-lasting operation and to evaluate the outcomes of their social projects. The importance of a more holistic performance measurement system is highlighted across all this thesis. I demonstrate the process of measuring a social impact equal to 4.43 using SROI for a Greek social venture and I identify common misunderstandings and difficulties accompanied with the measurement process.
1. Statement of Course ObjectivesThe objective of the Directed.docxgasciognecaren
1. Statement of Course Objectives
The objective of the Directed Readings is to provide an organized and systematic study and research arrangement. This arrangement is expected to facilitate completion of course goals, and to add valuable experience for the student's career.
The main focus of the research will be … some introduction, motivation.
In this project, I will analyze … I will also analyze …
At the end of this project, I hope to better understand … I am a … major, and I am interested in a career in … Accordingly, I think acquiring an understanding of these issues would be valuable in the future because …
2. Bibliography
For the study, the student will use various sources including media coverage, prior published research articles and books, case studies, as well as financial data.
Media coverage
The use of business media coverage should help to give a 'current-event' type feel to the research. These media include WSJ, NYT, Forbes among others.
Research articles and books
Case studies
Financial data
The student may use different online resources such as academic journals and industry databases to further the research.
Macroeconomic data
Institutional data
3. Methodology
Depending upon the nature of the proposed topic, the student is expected to … (how you will go about conducting research on the topics you proposed, is it qualitative vs. quantitative, where will you draw your sources of information, how will you structure/draft your reports ….)
4. Evaluation
Evaluation for course grade will be based on the following considerations:
· Importance of identified topics.
· Breadth and depth of review of existing and concurrent studies.
· Analyzing the topics: method, rigor, depth.
· Positioning this research in broader perspective and convey the findings effectively.
Case Study objective and instructions:
Objective:
This assessment relates to the unit learning outcomes as in the unit descriptor. This assessment is designed to evaluate student’s ability to identify the key phases of projects and to successfully manage the projects by using various IT project management tools and techniques.
The following ULOs are assessed in this assessment.
LO1 Demonstrate ability to skillfully manage projects by putting to effective use various IT project management tools and techniques.
LO2 Critically analyze project parameters and identify the key processes from the available project management book of knowledge in practical case scenarios.
INSTRUCTIONS
In this assignment you will use the IT project management knowledge area and the tools used in project initiation and planning to prepare a project charter for the Case Studybelow. Make sure to analyse the project management parameters and identify the actors relevant to the case study and mention the project scope, constraints and assumptions.
For this assessment, you will prepare a project charter based on the business case given below. Your report should be limited to approx. 1.
Challenges Faced By Entertainment IndustryIntroductionUn.docxtidwellveronique
Challenges Faced By Entertainment Industry
Introduction
Under the current competitive and dramatically ever-changing environment, many companies are succeeding whereas at the same time many are failing terribly. Offering the right products for the right markets at the right time is the main reason why some companies and it states an important way in terms of forecasting the shape of things, analyzing strategic alternatives and developing greater sensitivity to long-term implications.
Analyzing situation prior a strategic decision is critical for generating or sustaining competitive advantages, especially when facing the dynamic environmental trend, which can affect corporations’ performance positively or negatively. The main task for a situation analysis is to explore the external factors and internal factors and requires a corporation using its relative corporate strengths to better satisfy customer needs and finally achieve maximum positive differentiation over its competitors in a numbers of internal and external variables. The market situation today is changing rapidly followed by increasing keen competitors hence the main objective is to maintain competitive advantage
Background
Today, Entertainment Industry is a significant part of the society. It takes different forms like televisions, prints, and films. It also includes smaller segments like radio, music, OOH, animation, gaming and visual effects (VFX) and Internet advertising (Peterson, 1994, P.78). Nearly everyone uses either of the above. For instance it is common to see people taking photos or video or even accessing Internet using their mobile phone. Entertainment Industry has become one of the icons of today’s life, a symbol of an instant society, connection and organization. Many people find Entertainment exceedingly convenient resources for everyday life, but very few people stop to consider the negative impacts the Entertainment Industry forms could have on society if not handled appropriately or in the right places. Behind the iconic triviality lie grave issues, which have a negative impact to the members of the society. While different forms are arguably convenient, they can also be rather obnoxious (Dowswell, 2002, P.57). This report explores the different challenges facing the Entertainment Industry.
Problem statement
The purpose of this research is to investigate the challenges facing Entertainment Industry. It intends to explore how different entertainment forms can adversely affect general welfare the society. The entertainment industry is ever changing and faces challenges mainly from technological changes, changes in consumer behavior, and variety of different forms, which make the industry unstable and create an unpredictable environment (Lüsted, 2011, P.123). The media and entertainment organizations are obliged to become efficient, proactive, forward thinking and embrace the technological advancements in the industry.
The traditional approach used by most ...
Research Proposal - CSR - The Voice of the StakeholderAmany Hamza
In light of the recent financial crisis, the practices of CSR have come to the fore in media reports and academic debates. In this context, the goal of this research is, first, to examine the impact of the financial crisis on the implications of CSR activities in relation to stakeholders’ expectations in the financial services industry and, second, to help banking managers to understand what should be done for the benefit of their stakeholders and their own business sustainability.
What were they trying to achieveIn 1991, DIA attempted to rem.docxphilipnelson29183
What were they trying to achieve?
In 1991, DIA attempted to remodel and upgrade the arduous, time-consuming luggage check-in and transfer system. The idea involved bar-coded tags being fixed to each piece of luggage that went through ‘Destination Coded Vehicles’. This would fully automate all baggage transfers, integrate all three terminals, and reduce aircraft turn-around time significantly.
Why did they fail?
The main cause of failure was the scope creep of quality and cost schedule. When the company DIA was contracted to help in BAE’s project, they failed to meet the time schedule of the company. They instead stuck to their schedule of two years. The management took unnecessary risked because the project was underscored yet the management took unnecessary risks. Another item in their agenda which the company ignored: the company ignored the airline’s planning sessions and omitted the airline as a stakeholder. The project, as a result, featured oversized sports/ski equipment luggage and separate maintenance track and another track was not designed at all. The large part of the system was not done and had to be redone. This made the airport to be delayed by 16 months and has had a loss of $2 billion were incurred as a result. The project was later scrapped.
Lesson learned in the project is stakeholder engagement in project management. From the project management principles, the two companies failed to communicate to one another during the project until it was too late. Communication is one of the pillars in for project success. Another mistake which DIA committed was failing to plan and consult regularly.
References
Hartmann, T., & Spit, T. (2016). Legitimizing differentiated flood protection levels–Consequences of the European flood risk management plan. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 361-367.
Benson, D., Lorenzoni, I., & Cook, H. (2016). Evaluating social learning in England flood risk management: An ‘individual-community interaction’perspective. Environmental Science & Policy, 55, 326-334.
Chan, M. J., Huang, Y. B., Wen, Y. H., Chuang, H. Y., Tain, Y. L., Wang, Y. C. L., & Hsu, C. N. (2015). Compliance with risk management plan recommendations on laboratory monitoring of antitumor necrosis factor-α therapy in clinical practice. Journal of the Formosan Medical Association.
Running head: BCG MATRIX COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS FOR MEDTRONIC 1
BCG MATRIX COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS FOR MEDTRONIC 2
BCG Matrix Competitive Analysis for Medtronic
Tyrell S Grant
BCG Matrix Competitive Analysis for Medtronic
BCG Matrix
Medtronic is a multinational organization that specializes in the production of different medical devices. The company has different Strategic Business Units (SBU) that are also known as departments. The departments are divided depending on the roles being played, and these are what that determines that amount of finances that will be invested in the department. The reason is that the different roles earn profits or .
Sympathy and-benevolence-of-business-entities-evidence-during-the-covid-19-pa...Dr. Umair Ahmed
Abstract
This study aims to validate the existence of “rational sympathy” and “universal benevolence”
prescribed by Smith’s Moral Sentiment Theory among business entities during the COVID-19
pandemic outbreak. The study has optimized the qualitative analysis on secondary data to gain an
introspective pertaining to the objectives. The analysed subjects consist of the news reporting on the
action taken by particular business actors during the pandemic outbreak and movement order
control. The material are analysed in terms of the prescribed dimensions comprise of voluntary-based
action, non-reciprocal giving and aim the good cause of society. The findings indicate that rational
sympathy and universal benevolence do exist within the current context of business environment.
The business participants’ rational sympathy and self-interest motive has benefited the society
through the offering a wide range of products and services during the normal situation and
tranquillity context. Nevertheless, in the highly agitated and disturbance context, the business
players resort to universal benevolence motive, thus giving their utmost priority to the greater
interest of the state and sovereignty.
Keywords: Business, Ethics, Moral Sentiment Theory, COVID-19, Economy
Sympathy and Benevolence of Business Entities: Evidence during the COVID-19 P...Dr. Umair Ahmed
Abstract
This study aims to validate the existence of “rational sympathy” and “universal benevolence”
prescribed by Smith’s Moral Sentiment Theory among business entities during the COVID-19
pandemic outbreak. The study has optimized the qualitative analysis on secondary data to gain an
introspective pertaining to the objectives. The analysed subjects consist of the news reporting on the
action taken by particular business actors during the pandemic outbreak and movement order
control. The material are analysed in terms of the prescribed dimensions comprise of voluntary-based
action, non-reciprocal giving and aim the good cause of society. The findings indicate that rational
sympathy and universal benevolence do exist within the current context of business environment.
The business participants’ rational sympathy and self-interest motive has benefited the society
through the offering a wide range of products and services during the normal situation and
tranquillity context. Nevertheless, in the highly agitated and disturbance context, the business
players resort to universal benevolence motive, thus giving their utmost priority to the greater
interest of the state and sovereignty.
With the rapid advancement of technology, the 21st century has brought us a dynamic terrain that has given rise to extremely competitive markets. In addition to spurring innovation, technological developments have also resulted in a deterioration of public confidence in the banking industry, which has been made worse by recent high-profile cases of financial misbehavior. Businesses are under increasing pressure to operate well and sustainably for the good of their clients, shareholders, and the company as a whole. These pressures range from environmental concerns to human rights violations. Organizations must outline plans in order to successfully navigate this complicated terrain and address societal needs while ensuring future success. Companies that want to compete successfully in marketplaces with cutting-edge technology must address ethical issues. Businesses must find a careful balance between financial imperatives, environmental sustainability, and respecting human rights within their strategy frameworks in an era marked by widespread corporate disobedience and non-compliance. Public fear has been exacerbated by recently reported banking scandals, which include employee dishonesty such as opening bogus accounts, market manipulation schemes, and deficiencies in compliance processes. These violations, which go unpunished for long stretches of time, highlight how urgent it is that businesses have strong corporate social responsibility policies. According to this study, businesses that actively participate in corporate social responsibility (CSR) have a higher chance of long-term success, highlighting the importance of morality and social responsibility in overcoming the difficulties presented by modern markets.
This work is aimed at identifying causal factors of attrition & retention and to produce a predictive model that could help to plan reduced attrition and increased retention at management level. This study is triggered due to high attrition scenario in BTO. Key points of this work are
• Attrition & Retention are mutually exclusive, having different set of factors
• A combination Herzberg’s Dual Factor Theory of Motivation, Hackman & Oldham’s Job Characteristic Model and ASA frame work helps best to model the current attrition in the industry.
• There are 8 set of factors which explains attrition and 4 set of factors which explains retention
A combination of Employee Motivation, Employee Satisfaction, Employee Involvement & Life Interest and Work Compatibility ensure prolonged association of an employee to an Organization
aturno, R.N.R III,
2
Sebia, Ron Rainer B.,
3Ybanez, C.J,
4Mrs. Irma Gatdula
1,2,3 Bachelor of Science in Hotel and Restaurant Management
4Adviser
DE LA SALLE UNIVERSITY- DASMARIÑAS
College of Tourism and Hospitality Management
Hospitality Management Department
Abstract: This study aims to determine the economic impact of the Coronavirus Pandemic (Covid-19) to the milk
tea stores in Imus Cavite. In this study, the researchers used percentage and frequency to analyze the data to apply
the descriptive form of research. The respondents of this study are the owners and employees of the DTI-registered
stores. Milk Tea is mostly popular to Gen-Z or Millennials. Moreover, milk tea is not a necessity during the
pandemic as perceived by the respondents, but there are still loyal customers that patronize the products. This
study further aims to know the store owner’s response to COVID-19’s impact to the store operations. Based on the
findings, the researchers suggest strengthening the implementation of the health protocols and preventive
measures to ensure safety of both employees and customers and create promotions to boost sales amidst COVID19 pandemic.
Twitter Based Sentimental Analysis of Impact of COVID-19 on Economy using Naï...CSCJournals
COVID-19 outbreak brought unprecedented changes to people’s lives and made significant impact on the US and world economy. It wrought havoc on livelihood, businesses and ultimately the economy. Understanding how the sentiment on economy is changing and main factors that drives the change will help the public to make sense of the impact and generating relief measures. In this paper we present a novel Naïve Bayes model using a word-based training approach to perform the analysis and determine the sentiment of Twitter posts. The novelty of this methodology is that we use labelled set of words to classify the tweets to perform sentimental analysis as opposed to the more expensive methods of manually classifying the tweets. We then perform analysis on the resulting labelled tweets to observe the trend of economy from February 2020 to July 2020 and determine how COVID-19 impacted the economy based on what people posted on Twitter. We found our data was largely inclined towards negative sentiment indicating that the economy had been largely negatively impacted as a result of COVID-19. Further, we correlate the sentiment with the stock market index aka Dow Jones Industrial Average (DJIA) because stock market movement closely mirrors the economic sentiment and is shown as one of the main factors influencing people's attitude change from our sentimental analysis. We found strong correlation between the two, indicating stock market change is one of the driving factors behind people's opinion change about economy during pandemic. This work proposed and tested a generic lower-cost text-based model to analysis generic public’s opinion about an event which can be adopted to analyze other topics.
paper critically evaluates how effective social impact measurement can lead to the legitimacy and prospering of social enterprises (SEs). Effective balancing of economic and social purposes contributes towards high SEs performance and should be mirrored in specific monetarized indicators. There is no doubt that effective measurement of the operations and the outputs of SEs is a step toward achieving the desirable social change and at the same time remaining a healthy and sustainable as an entity. Trade-offs and tensions are inevitable in dual purpose organizations and success is more likely when leaders of SEs address them on hand. I focus my examination on the Social Return of Investment (SROI) framework which was significant developed both from the academic and business community. SROI tool is not just a descriptive report. It is a methodology that turns the benefits of social action into a monetary equivalent. This makes social impact more readily assessable and controllable, especially for financial markets participants like banks and debt providers, who appreciate monetizing. Social Businesses can use this tool in order to keep a sustainable long-lasting operation and to evaluate the outcomes of their social projects. The importance of a more holistic performance measurement system is highlighted across all this thesis. I demonstrate the process of measuring a social impact equal to 4.43 using SROI for a Greek social venture and I identify common misunderstandings and difficulties accompanied with the measurement process.
This slide is special for master students (MIBS & MIFB) in UUM. Also useful for readers who are interested in the topic of contemporary Islamic banking.
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
For more detailed information on delivering micro-credentials in TVET, visit this https://tvettrainer.com/delivering-micro-credentials-in-tvet/
A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
This presentation was provided by Steph Pollock of The American Psychological Association’s Journals Program, and Damita Snow, of The American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), for the initial session of NISO's 2024 Training Series "DEIA in the Scholarly Landscape." Session One: 'Setting Expectations: a DEIA Primer,' was held June 6, 2024.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
MATATAG CURRICULUM: ASSESSING THE READINESS OF ELEM. PUBLIC SCHOOL TEACHERS I...NelTorrente
In this research, it concludes that while the readiness of teachers in Caloocan City to implement the MATATAG Curriculum is generally positive, targeted efforts in professional development, resource distribution, support networks, and comprehensive preparation can address the existing gaps and ensure successful curriculum implementation.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
1. American Research Journal of Humanities Social Science (ARJHSS)R) 2021
ARJHSS Journal www.arjhss.com Page | 25
American Research Journal of Humanities Social Science (ARJHSS)
E-ISSN: 2378-702X
Volume-04, Issue-09, pp-25-30
www.arjhss.com
Research Paper Open Access
To Maintain is To Survive: Qualitative Study on Hotel Industry
Workers in Malang during COVID-19
FasyaAz Zahra Mulyadi1
*, Latipun1
1
(Master of Psychology, UniversitasMuhammadiyyah Malang, Indonesia)
ABSTRACT : This research aim to explore the causes of stress among workers in the hotel industry and to explore
the coping strategies followed by workers based on shared experiences. Researchers used Interpretative
Phenomenological Analysis to gain insight into the causes of increasing stress levels in the hotel industry and the
coping strategies practiced from the perspective of workers based on the narrative of their life experiences. The
researcher conducted semi-structured interviews with five workers from a hotel business in Malang, Indonesia.
Qualitative data analysis resulted in seven themes which were categorized into two broad phenomenological
problems
Keywords: Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, COVID-19, hotel industry, stress, strategies coping stress
I. INTRODUCTION
The Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has caused fear and anxiety among the public.
This virus is globally forcing people to run new protocols in every sector. In the report of United Nations - The
World Tourism Organization (UNWTO), the main threats posed by the pandemic can be determined in the
economic environment, namely the world recession, rising unemployment and risky jobs, business closures,
especially small and medium enterprises (SMEs), uncertainty that burden consumer and business trust,and the
trajectory of the epidemic remains uncertain1
. This threat is very difficult for various sectors, especially the
industrial sector where the behavior of consumers and companies is changing.
From the consumer side, Jorda, Singh and Taylor (2020)2
found in previous studies that a history of
pandemics in the last millennium is usually associated with low asset returns. This is due to changes in
consumer behavior to become more interested in saving capital than investing, resulting in a decrease in
economic growth. In addition, consumers are prioritizing spending expenses on basic needs and safety needs.
This change in behavior has a major impact on the company as well as the industry.
From the company side, many negative impacts are experienced including the decreasing number of
clients or customers, adaptation to new technology, reduction in the number of workers, reduction in working
hours, and changes in employee commitment. In addition, retailers and manufacturers face many short-term
challenges, such as those related to health and safety, supply chain, workforce, cash flow, consumer demand,
sales, and marketing. Even worse, business closure policies were associated with a 20–30% reduction in non-
salary workers in the food and beverages and recreation and entertainment sectors during March-April 20203
.
However, the burden borne by industries outside of basic needs products and services is greater than the burden
faced by primary needs services and products. For example, the tourism, hospitality, aviation, sporting events,
makeup, fashion, conferences, exhibitions and other large gatherings industries have suffered greatly, even
many of these industries have closed their businesses. Apart from the management and workers in the industry
being harmed, the State is also at a loss. For example, the tourism industry is one of the major sources of state
income. The tourism industry has always been recognized as a remunerative industry that makes a positive
contribution to a country's GDP, citizens' quality of life, and job creation4
. In addition to the tourism industry,
the hotel industry is facing the same tough challenges. The COVID-19 pandemic has caused the number of
rooms occupied and the occupancy rate to drop significantly, it can even be found that, with the severity of the
outbreak, the number of rooms occupied, the occupancy rate, the total operating income, and the number of
employees have decreased significantly5
.
On the other hand, at the same time, online businesses such as online communication, online
entertainment and online shopping are experiencing unprecedented growth. Thus, to deal with these losses and
changes, a manager must devise a strategy to maintain their business. A manager is advised to analyze the
2. American Research Journal of Humanities Social Science (ARJHSS)R) 2021
ARJHSS Journal www.arjhss.com Page | 26
elements that can contribute to expand the commitment of workers to the organization and all of them will
benefit the organization6
. Not only managers, directors, managers, employees and their staff are also required to
contribute to solutions and are required to be able to adapt quickly to new ways of surviving the COVID-19
pandemic.
The COVID-19 pandemic has harmed various industries in the country. Among these industries, the
hotel industry suffered heavy losses. The hotel industry worldwide is one of the industries hardest hit by the
effects of the COVID-19 pandemic conditions7
. In fact, the hotel industry has a large income for the State. In
addition, the hotel industry in recent years has grown rapidly due to the promotion of tourism. However, with
the limited travel over long distances and also the limited number of domestic tourists, the hotel industry has
suffered a lot. One of the disadvantages experienced by the hotel business in most countries of the world is the
excess supply of food ingredients. Filimonau (2020)8
found that in most countries, the announcement of a
lockdown came in a short time, with most hospitality businesses unprepared to close their operations almost
immediately. He revealed that at the time of the announcement of the lockdown, groceries were still available in
hotel businesses such as in the UK with limited time for effective utilization. While some hospitality operators
freeze this excess food, the other giving it to staff, giving it to local retail outlets, and donate it to food rescue
charities or cook food for public health professionals, much of the excess food is wasted.
In addition to the excess food supply, Kim et al. (2021)9
argue that the theoretical framework regarding
workplace safety related to the COVID-19 pandemic in the hospitality literature has not been clearly developed.
In fact, work safety is the main concept that must be considered in helping workers maintain their performance
in the face of the policies provided in the hotel industry.
In order to come up with solutions to these problems, the most effective plans are expected to be drawn
up in the shortest time. Hotel managers are expected to demonstrate their ability to create a productive work
environment, build effective new systems, and maintain employee motivation. This is a huge challenge for hotel
managers to deal with the changes caused by the pandemic. In addition, workers and other ranks are required to
be able to adapt to superior and government policies and to be able to survive in the conditions of the COVID-
19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to determine the stress faced by workers in the hotel industry and
investigate the strategies coping used based on their professional experience.
II. METHOD
2.1. Research Design
The research was conducted with a qualitative approach. Qualitative approach helps researchers to
understand complex phenomena, where researchers are asked to consider various "reality" experienced by
research participants. Qualitative methods provide researchers with access to perceptions experienced by
participants where participants are the people who best understand the phenomena that have or are happening to
them. That way, researchers can get broad themes and are not limited to closed questions in answering the study
that is of interest.
2.2. Research Subjects
The subjects in this study consisted of five workers aged 23-40 years who were working in the hotel
industry located in Malang City, in Indonesia. The sample was selected through purposive sampling method.
Purposive sampling is used in finding research subjects based on their advantages in the possibility of providing
researchers with data from someone who has deep insight into the subject matter at hand.
2.3 Research Instruments
Semi-structured interviews were conducted on five workers from the hotel industry in the city of
Malang. There are three main questions that can be developed during the interview to obtain more complete
information. The questions are (a) During the COVID-19 pandemic, what is the most stressful thing for you
from working in this industry? (b) What personal strategies do you have for dealing with work stress? (c) What
do you think hotel management and government should do to reduce stress levels in the workplace?
2.4 Data Analysis
The data obtained from the interviews were analyzed using the IPAmethod (Interpretative
Phenomenological Analysis). The design of this analysis involves a six-stage process outlined by Howitt and
Cramer (2011)10
which begins with case introduction and initial comments. At this stage repeated readings are
made to familiarize yourself with the topic, and some comments are made, in an attempt to summarize and
interpret what has been said previously. Coding is then performed in the analysis. Along with the development
of the analysis, the researcher will categorize the codes that appear, and look for patterns in them (themes,
superordinate themes, etc.).
III. RESULT
Workers in the hotel industry report experiencing moderate to high levels of stress in their workplace.
High stress was experienced especially when thelockdown was announced for the first time, when flights were
stopped and travel was restricted, and tourism destinations were limited. These conditions lead to a drastic
3. American Research Journal of Humanities Social Science (ARJHSS)R) 2021
ARJHSS Journal www.arjhss.com Page | 27
decrease in the number of hotel visitors, thus causing many difficulties for workers in the hotel industry. This
change is surprising and most workers never anticipate that they will have to cope with so much stress at work
due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, Gursoy and Chi (2020)11
found in their research that even though
tourism destinations were reopened and travel restrictions were eased, customers generally still felt
uncomfortable being able to meet and interact with many people, travel to a destination and stay at a hotel.
Through the interviews proposed, there are several themes that can be categorized in answering research
questions.
3.1. Causes of Work Stress
There are three phenomenon that have been identified as stressors for workers in the hotel industry
during the COVID-19 pandemic. These are (a) a sudden and prolonged change, (b) worker dependents, and (c) a
drastic decrease in the number of visitors.
3.1.1 Changes are sudden and prolonged.
The COVID-19 pandemic has a lasting impact on the hotel industry. Workers do not know when the
impact of the COVID-19 pandemic will end. They feel pressured by experiencing unpredicted and unavoidably
policies changes in responding to the pandemic.
The beginning of corona was really shocking, because everything changed. The workings regulations, protocols
and systems are all new. There is no certainty when this will end. Some of my friends were rolled out to other
hotels, some were dismissed. I am grateful that I can continue to work where I work. However, I ended up
opening another small business. Whereas previously I only worked in a hotel. (participant 3)
From the narrative, it can be understood that the worker are not ready for the changes. In addition, there
is hope for worker that conditions will return to normal. However, with the existing policies and possibilities,
the worker choose to try to survive and adapt to the existing circumstances.
3.1.2 Workers' dependents.
The pandemic has had an impact on the management of human resources in the hospitality industry.
Some of the participants know thatsome other workers were laid off due to the company policies in surviving
the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. On the other hand, retained workers find it difficult with the new
regulations in their place of work. They must follow hygiene protocols and must be able to keep up with
changing working hours and working days. Meanwhile, these workers have dependents, namely the family.
Human resource is the first thing that must be considered because it concerns business continuity. Employees
are rearranged so that every three days they come to work and then another three days to stay at home. Some of
the employees whose salaries were already above were transferred to another hotel. The company also hiring
employees in daily basis. (participant 3)
Participant gave a narrative of work responsibilities with worried feelings. Participants pay attention to
the reduction in income earned by workers for their dependents. Workers tend to try to survive even though their
salaries are reduced because they realize it is difficult to support their families during the pandemic.
3.1.3 Drastic decline in the number of visitors.
Limited travel both between cities and between countries resulted in a drastic decline in the number of
visitors to the hotel industry. The industrial sector that offers services is experiencingmore devastating impact of
the pandemic than the manufacturing industry.In addition, participants explained that the drastic decrease in the
number of visitors even to the point of having no visitors in a day resulted in pressure on the hotel's financial
management.
We follow government policy where rooms are only opened at half of their original capacity. I did not feel ready
for the change, because it felt like there used to be a lot of rooms opened, but now only half number of it. But on
the other hand, if the rooms are kept open while there are very few visitors, the spending at the hotel becomes
inefficient. (participant 2)
Participant explained the conditions in which the decrease in visitors had a1n impact on the continuity
of the hospitality industry. There is participant who explained that the decline in visitors was the result of
limited travel. On the other hand, another participant thought that the room reduction policy is the cause of the
decrease in visitors.
3.2. Coping strategies
Stress experienced by workers is followed by several coping strategies to overcome the adverse effects
experienced. Among them are individual and organizational strategies. Among the resulting strategies, workers
(a) maintain rather than improve, (b) controlling expenses, (c) provide promos and discounts, and (d) collaborate
with vendors.
3.2.1 Maintain rather than improve
The achievement goal of every business is an increase in income, either marked by an increase in the
demand for goods or an increase in visitors for service industry. In the hotel industry, this increase is very
difficult to achieve because the main business object, namely visitors, is limited to activities in public places.
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I want more visitors of course. It would be nice if the rooms could be filled. However, the policies made by the
government are for the common good. If you work in a hotel, of course, everyone wants visitors to come to your
hotel. But that is my own wish. Common safety is paramount. So, I prefer to just survive, the important thing is
to work. (participant 4)
Participant provide a scheme where personal wishes are contrary to existing policies. However, in the
narrative, participants then try to understand the existing boundaries. In addition, participants changed their
focus to maintainrather than on improving.
3.2.2 Controlling expenses.
The decrease in the number of visitors causes expenses to be greater than income. Therefore,
reorganization of expenses is a policy taken by hotel managers in maintaining their business. Each hotel
manager has their own strategy in cutting hotel expenses.
Income is reduced but can be overcome by rearranging expenses. Plus now there is a new expenditure, namely
logistics of health protocols. So, the rooms before and after every visitor must be disinfected. Moreover, every
corner must have hand sanitizer. (participant 3)
The participant explained that in dealing with the stress experienced by the hotel business they owned,
an effective spending strategy was needed. Participants analyze expenses that can be reduced such as electricity
and water. Participants also mentioned that there were new expenditures for the purposes of health protocols.
3.2.3 Promos and Discounts.
Promos and discounts are given by almost all hotel businesses in attracting visitors to choose their hotel
as a place to stay. Strategies in providing promos and discounts differ from one hotel to another.
It is better now than it was at the beginning of corona. Now flights and transportation are not as restricted as
before, so we have visitors, namely tourists and people from out of town. In addition to promos and discounts
from the inn, in terms of entertainment, we can improve it, because people also want vacations, people are also
pressured to stay at home too long, so we want visitors to be really refreshed by coming to our hotel. (participant
4)
Each participant explain the provision of promotional prices and discounts for lodging at the hotel
where they work. In the narration, it is stated that the strategy adopted is very effective in inviting visitors during
the pandemic.
3.2.4 Collaborate with other vendors.
Participants explained the collaboration between the hotel and other vendors that could support hotel in
pandemic situation. This is one of the hotel industry’s coping strategies that can minimize expenses and
maintain the effectiveness of the performance of retained workers.
We rearrange food and beverages first, so for catering we collaborate with supermarkets and catering vendors.
Then, the breakfast will be delivered to the room. Actually, many visitors say that it was not as good as usual,
some visitors, according to the survey given they like catering from the hotel itself. (participant 3)
From the narrative given, participants explained that collaboration with catering vendors can help
hotels to maintain the effectiveness of employee performance. This is because there are fewer workers, so that
several work tasks from different divisions are carried out by the same worker. Therefore, this collaboration
really helps reduce the burden on worker performance.
IV. DISCUSSION
From the interviews that have been analyzed, it can be concluded that the conditions experienced by
workers in the hotel industry in Malang are almost the same as those experienced by workers in the hotel
industry from other cities and countries. For example, activity in the hospitality industry in China decreased by
about two-thirds over the three days in January 2020 compared to the previous year, and employees in other
tourism sub-sectors were placed on unpaid leave, as well as a remarkable decline in occupancy rates, the number
of guests arriving and coming, and business income in the context of hospitality12
. These impact experienced on
hospitality in China is also experienced by workers in the hotel industry in Malang. In addition, Davahli et al.
(2020)13
in hisstudy review found that there were several obstacles faced by the hospitality industry during the
pandemic such as the recovery of the hospitality industry (discussed by 19% of journals included), market
demand (18% of journals), revenue loss (16% of journals), patterns of spread of COVID-19 in industry (14%
journals), job loss (10% journals included), safety and health aspects (8% journals), issues related to hospitality
workforce work (7% journals), travel behavior (4% journals ), customer preferences (2% journals), and the
social costs of the pandemic are covered by 2% of the included papers. Almost all of these aspects have been
discussed by the informants in this study, such as aspects of safety and health which have become a new
category of expenditure in hospitality expenditures and also travel behavior which has an impact on reducing the
number of customers. The hotel industry's income is from the large number of visitors, which is uncertain
during this pandemic. The hospitality and tourism industry unlike other business sectors which can ensure a
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steady income. Tourism and hospitality industry realize the potential for downtime is arising from various
reasons such as seasonality, demand and crises14
.
In addition to the above, there is one solution to overcome the stress experienced but not much
explained in detail by the informants, which is closing or transferring property. In another study, it was
explained that in order to survive, many hotel owners, especially individual hotel owners, temporarily closed or
transferred their properties15
. This is done in an effort to spend effectiveness. One of the informants mentioned
that selling several properties and buying properties that could promote social distancing in his hotel so that
visitors' trust could be earned. All sources in this study emphasize customer trust in increasing the attractiveness
of the hotel.
V. LIMITATIONS
The limitation of this study is the lack of in-depth data mining techniques for participants. Researchers
are advised to seek more information about the hotel industry, especially related to terms and systems that
usually apply in the industry before conducting interviews. This should be done in order to make it easier for the
interview session to dig deeper into the information and phenomenon experienced by experts on the theme
under study. There are several recommendations made by the hotel industry in other countries that researchers
have not been able to identify from interviews that have been conducted, such as the CEO's letter. Im et al.
(2021)16
find that hospitality organizations need to recognize the value of CEO letters as a powerful persuasion
tool to increase organizational attractiveness while reducing anticipated negative reactions from key
stakeholders. He argues that the CEO's letter provides valuable consideration for connoisseurs of the corporate
narrative. By identifying the key rhetorical strategies and tactics that hospitality organizations employ during
crises, different audiences can make better judgments and possibly assimilate the organization's intentions in
crisis management and communication.
Although many of the challenges faced and the resolutions have not been able to fully restore the hotel
industry. Moreover, to restore it for large hotels will take years, some researchers are optimistic that the hotel
industry can survive and return to success after this pandemic. Beckman and Morse (2020)17
are optimistic that
the hotel industry is a tough and contained industry. They believe that with ambition and knowledge of how to
start fresh, many of the people in the hotel industry will survive and be able to start again after the pandemic is
over.
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*Corresponding author: FasyaAz Zahra Mulyadi
1
(Master of Psychology, UniversitasMuhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia)