Thailand has 76 provinces across 7 regions. Gross provincial product (GPP) is estimated using two main methods. The first method is used for agriculture and computes value added for each province based on regional production ratios. The second method estimates national value added for other sectors and disaggregates to provinces based on relative production indicators. While GPP provides information on regional economies, the top-down approach is imperfect as it assumes uniform intermediate consumption across regions. Since 2004, Thailand has encouraged bottom-up GPP estimation at the province level but this faces challenges of incomplete data and changing local staff.