The document presents an assignment focused on cytokines, detailing their types, structures, and biological functions within the immune system. It categorizes cytokines into several types, such as interleukins and interferons, and outlines their roles in regulating immune responses and associated disorders. The conclusion emphasizes the therapeutic potential of cytokines in treating various diseases, particularly cancer and autoimmune disorders.

1. VIVEKANANDHA
MM.Sowmiya
II B.SC. Biotechnology
PG & Research Department of Biotechnology
Vivekanandha Arts and Science College For Women
Sankari
Assignment on “ cytokine types and structure and fuction ”
Subject: Immune system and immunotechnology
ARTS & SCIENCE COLLEGE FOR WOMEN
[An ISO 9001:2015 Certified Institution]
(Affiliated to Periyar University, Salem
Recognised Under Section 2(f) &12(B) of the UGC Act, 1956)
Veerachipalayam, Sankari West (Post) – 637 303, Sankari Tk, Salem Dt., Tamil Nadu
PG & RESEARCH DEPARTMENT OF
BIOTECHNOLOGY

2. cytokine types
structure and function

3. Introduction
 Types of cytokine
 Structure
 Biological functions
 Disorders
 Conclusion
CONTENS

4.  Cytokines are small protein molecules
 Produced by immune cells, like T cells and
macrophages
 Help fight infections and diseases
 Communicate with other cells to coordinate immune
response
 Regulate inflammation, cell growth, and tissue repair
Introduction of cytokine

5.  Interleukins (IL)*: Support immune cell growth and activation.
 Interferons (IFN)*: Fight viral infections and cancer.
 Tumor Necrosis Factors (TNF)*: Regulate inflammation and cell death.
 Chemokines*: Direct immune cell movement and migration.
 Growth Factors*: Promote cell growth, differentiation, and survival.
 Colony-Stimulating Factors (CSF)*: Support immune cell production and
maturation.
 Transforming Growth Factors (TGF)*: Regulate cell growth,
differentiation, and immune responses.
Types of cytokine

6.  Protein structure*: Cytokines are small proteins, typically 15-30 kDa in size.
 Folded chains*: They consist of folded chains of amino acids.
 α-helices and β-sheets*: Their structure includes α-helices and β-sheets,
which provide stability.
 Disulfide bonds*: Some cytokines have disulfide bonds, which help maintain
their shape.
 Glycosylation*: Many cytokines are glycosylated, with carbohydrate chains
attached.
 This structure allows cytokines to interact with specific receptors on cell
surfaces, triggering various biological responses.
Structure of cytokine

7. https://www.onlinebiologynotes.com/cytokines-properties-receptors/

8.  1. Activate immune cells
 2. Regulate inflammation
 3. Fight infections
 4. Heal wounds
 5. Maintain tissue homeostasis
 6. Coordinate immune response
 7. Regulate cell growth
 8. Differentiate cells
 These functions highlight the crucial roles
cytokines play in the immune system,
inflammation, and cell development.
Function of cytokine:

9. http://www.sbs.utexas.edu/sanders/Bio347/Lectures/2006/Lecture
%2014%202006.htm

10.  1.Autoimmune diseases*
 - Rheumatoid arthritis (excessive TNF-alpha)
 - Lupus (imbalanced cytokine production)
 2. Inflammatory disorders*:
 - Asthma (elevated IL-4, IL-5)
 - Allergies (increased IL-4, IL-13)
 3.Cancer*:
 - Tumor progression (altered cytokine signaling)
 - Immune evasion (suppressed cytokine production)
 4. Infectious diseases*:
 - Sepsis (uncontrolled cytokine response)
 - HIV (dysregulated cytokine production)
 5. Neurological disorders*:
 - Multiple sclerosis (imbalanced cytokine production)
 - Alzheimer's disease (elevated TNF-alpha, IL-1)
Disorder of cytokine:

11. https://www.cusabio.com/cytokines/Cytokine-Receptor.html

12.  1. Cancer treatment and immunotherapy
 2. Vaccine development and adjuvants
 3. Treating autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis
 4. Combating infectious diseases like HIV and tuberculosis
 5. Promoting tissue repair and wound healing
 6. Gene therapy and cytokine-mediated gene delivery
 7. Treating immunodeficiency disorders like HIV/AIDS
 8. Transplantation and immunosuppression
 9. Inflammatory disease management
 10. Regenerative medicine and cell therapy
 Let me know if you need anything else!
Use of cytokine

13.  Cytokines play a crucial role in immune response.
 They facilitate communication between immune
cells.
 Regulate inflammation and fight infections.
 Imbalance can lead to various diseases.
 Therapeutic applications are vast and growing.
 Cytokines hold promise for treating cancer and
autoimmune disorders.
 Understanding cytokines is key to advancing
medicine.
Conclusion

14. 1. Mahmoudi, M. (2013). Immunology made ridiculously simple (3rd
ed.). MedMaster Inc.
2. Abbas, A. K., Lichtman, A. H., & Pillai, S. (2022). Basic
immunology: Functions and disorders of the immune system (6th
ed.). Elsevier.
3. Coico, R., & Sunshine, G. (2015). Immunology: A short course
(7th ed.). Wiley.
4. Shand, M. H. D. O. (2018). Advanced immunology. Cambridge
University Press.
5. Paul, W. E. (2018). Fundamental immunology (7th ed.).
Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Reference Books

15. MM.Sowmiya
THANK YOU