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Cylinder deactivation technology in internal combustion engine
- 1. Mechanical System design Assignment1 ANJIL 20236175 MEA
- 2. Evolutionary Thinking •Evolutionary thinkingis the process of continuous improvement of products over time based on: • User needs • Technological advancement • Market demand • Feedback and failures •Products evolve rather than being created perfectly at once. (a)•Early prototyping was manual (wood, clay models) •Introduction of CNC machining •Emergence of Rapid Prototyping •Development of 3D Printing (Additive Manufacturing) •Current stage: Q1.
- 3. •Multi-material printing •Faster production •Highaccuracy •Future: •AI-assisted design •Hybrid manufacturing (b) • Pinhole cameras (early stage) • Film cameras (analog) • Digital cameras • DSLR and Mirrorless cameras • Smartphone cameras with: • AI image processing • Optical Image Stabilization • Evolution driven by: • Miniaturization • Image quality demand • Portability
- 4. •Manual washing usinghand tools •Semi-automatic washing machines •Fully automatic washing machines •Front-load and top-load machines •Smart washing machines: •Load sensing •Water optimization •IoT connectivity
- 5. (a) Last ProductBought Answer: •The last product I bought was a zebronics keyboard. •It has comfortable key spacing and good key response, which makes long hours of typing easier and reduces finger fatigue. Zebronics also offers good build quality at an affordable price, making it a reliable option for students and programmers. Q2.
- 6. (b) Most andLeast Favorite Car Most Favorite Car: thar (Any Model) •Reason: • Excellent off-road capability • Powerful engine options • rugged and bold design • Modern features with safety Least Favorite Car: Maruti Suzuki Dzire •Reason: • Safety concerns • Lower structural safety rating • Less robust build compared to competitors Product That Fascinated the Most Tesla Cybertruck Futuristic and unique angular design Ultra-strong stainless steel exoskeleton High performance with electric power and long range Advanced technology with autonomous driving features Represents the future of electric pickup trucks
- 7. (d) Dream Product TurbojetEngine Produces thrust by high-speed exhaust gases Uses air intake, compression, combustion, and exhaust principles Useful in: Military fighter aircraft High-speed aviation Research and test aircraft Enables very high flight speeds Represents advanced aerospace propulsion technology
- 8. Product: Fidget Spinner Birth •Introducedas a stress-relief and focus-enhancing toy •Simple mechanical design •Low manufacturing cost Growth •Viral popularity through social media •High demand globally •Used by children and adults •Multiple design variations Maturity •Market saturation •Reduced novelty •Sales stabilized Decline (Death) •Fading trend •Overproduction •Loss of consumer interest •Replaced by new trending toys Q3.
- 9. Q4. Functional Decomposition Diagrams Methodology •Breakthe system into sub-functions •Understand: • Input • Processing • Output •Helps in: • Better design • Optimization • Fault analysis (a) Tailstock of a Lathe Machine Functions: •Support workpiece •Provide axial movement •Hold tools (drills, reamers) •Align with spindle axis
- 10. (b) Washing Machine Functions: •Waterintake •Load detection •Washing •Rinsing •Spinning •Drainage (c) Table Fan using FAST Functions: •Supply electrical power •Convert electrical energy to mechanical energy •Rotate blades •Produce airflow •Control speed
- 11. Q5. Focuses on functionFocuses on appearance Technical performance User experience Strength & safety Aesthetics Material selection Shape & form Calculations based Emotion based Difference Between Engineering Design and Industrial Design
- 12. Q6. Importance of UnderstandingOpportunity •Identifies unmet customer needs •Leads to innovation •Reduces product failure •Improves market success •Helps in competitive advantage
- 13. Q7. Heuristic Design Definition: Heuristic designuses experience-based rules rather than strict formulas. Examples: “Keep it simple” “Design for easy manufacturing” “Avoid unnecessary complexity”
- 14. Q8. Design involves balancing: •Whatwe want to achieve → Performance, safety, cost •How we choose to satisfy the need → Material, mechanism, manufacturing process Example: •Need: Lightweight suitcase •Choice: Aluminum frame instead of steel
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- 16. Q10. (a) Patent Relatedto Laser Jet Printer •Google Patents •WIPO (World Intellectual Property Organization) •USPTO (United States Patent Office) (b) Proper Hardening Treatment for AISI 4320 Steel •ASM Handbook •Material Science textbooks •Manufacturer datasheets •Heat treatment standards (ASTM)