Cybersecurity fundamentals and ethical hacking are intertwined disciplines focused on protecting digital assets. Here's a breakdown: Cybersecurity Fundamentals: Cybersecurity is the practice of protecting systems, networks, and programs from digital attacks. These attacks are often aimed at accessing, changing, or destroying sensitive information; extorting money from users; or interrupting normal business processes. Key fundamental concepts include: * Confidentiality: Ensuring that information is accessible only to authorized individuals. This is achieved through encryption, access controls, and data masking. * Integrity: Maintaining the accuracy and completeness of data. This involves preventing unauthorized modifications through hashing, digital signatures, and version control. * Availability: Guaranteeing that authorized users have reliable access to information and systems when needed. This is supported by redundancy, failover systems, and disaster recovery plans. * Risk Management: Identifying, assessing, and mitigating potential threats and vulnerabilities. This involves risk assessments, vulnerability scanning, and security audits. * Network Security: Protecting computer networks from unauthorized access and attacks. This includes firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and virtual private networks (VPNs). * Endpoint Security: Securing individual devices, such as laptops, smartphones, and servers, from malware and other threats. This involves antivirus software, endpoint detection and response (EDR) tools, and device encryption. * Security Awareness: Educating users about cybersecurity best practices and potential threats. This is crucial for preventing social engineering attacks and other human errors. * Cryptography: The practice and study of techniques for secure communication in the presence of third parties called adversaries. This includes encryption, decryption, hashing, and digital signatures. * Access Control: Mechanisms that determine who is allowed to access what resources. This includes authentication, authorization, and accounting (AAA). Ethical Hacking: Ethical hacking, also known as penetration testing, is the practice of using hacking techniques to identify vulnerabilities in systems and networks with the permission of the owner. Ethical hackers simulate real-world attacks to uncover weaknesses before malicious actors can exploit them. Key aspects include: * Permission: Ethical hacking is conducted with the explicit consent of the system owner. This distinguishes it from illegal hacking. * Scope: The scope of the ethical hacking engagement is clearly defined, outlining the systems and networks to be tested. * Reporting: Ethical hackers provide detailed reports of their findings, including vulnerabilities, potential impact, and remediation recommendations. * Methodologies: Ethical hackers use a variety of tools and techniques, including: * Vulnerability scanning: Automated tools to identify known vulnerabili

1. HOW TO SECURE YOUR
FUTURE
EXPLORING CYBERSECURITY
FUNDAMENTALS, CAREER PATHS, AND
ETHICAL HACKING DEMOS
DR. VARUN M DESHPANDE

3. BACKGROUND
Background Challenges Advancements Career Conclusions

4. WHY IS CYBER
SECURITY
IMPORTANT?
• Protect your digital resources
• Protect from Hackers
• Protect your Business
• Protect Customer Data
• Secure from Vulnerabilities
• Secure your Digital Identity
• Protect against Data Theft
• Regulatory Compliance
requirements
• Protect Customers Trust

6. CIA TRIAD
• Confidentiality – Prevent intentional or
unintentional or unauthorized disclosure
of contents. (Protect against Data Theft)
• Integrity – Guarantees that message
delivered has not been altered
intentionally or unintentionally from the
original data received. (Ensure
correctness of the messages exchanged)
• Availability – Assurance that the system
would be stable, resilient and accessible
always. (Protect against Denial of
Service)
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AAA Security Framework:
• Authentication
• Authorization
• Accounting

7. COMMON TERMINOLOGIES
• MALWARE – Malicious Software
• MALWARE has 2 components
• Propagation Mechanism - The way in which malware spread
• Payload – Malicious action performed by malware
Viruses Worms Trojan Horses
Propagation Human Action Self Spreading Tricking users as a
legitimate SW
Payload Any payload Any payload Any payload
Example The Concept virus Stuxnet worm Free Software+ Spy
ware

8. ANATOMY OF A CYBER ATTACK
Reconnaissance – Gain information about the system
Enumeration – Identify the weak spots for the attack
Penetration – Actively attack and compromise the system
Exfiltration – Get data out of the network
Sanitation – Cover up any traces

9. SECURITY DESIGN
PRINCIPLES
• Defense in Depth
• Error & Exception handling
• Fail Safe
• Treat all inputs as unsafe
• Principle of Least Privilege

10. CHALLENGES
Background Challenges Advancements Career Conclusions

11. CYBER SECURITY THREATS TO WATCH OUT FOR
Ransomware &
Malware: More
Costly than Data
Breaches
Endpoint Attacks:
Presence of Shadow
IT, IoT botnets driven
DDOS attacks
Phishing: More
Sophisticated than
Ever
Third Party & Supply
Chain Attacks: Use
of vulnerable/out
dated components
AI- and ML-Driven
Attacks: Cybercrime
Evolves with Advanced
Tools

17. OWASP TOP 10 SECURITY RISKS

18. ADVANCEMENTS
Background Challenges Advancements Career Conclusions

24. CAREER
Background Challenges Advancements Career Conclusions

25. CYBERSECURITY CAREER PATH
• https://niccs.cisa.gov/workforce-development/cyber-career-pathways-tool
• https://www.cyberseek.org/pathway.html

26. CYBERSECURITY CERTIFICATION PATH
• https://www.isc2.org/certifications/cc
• https://www.comptia.org/certifications/security
• https://pauljerimy.com/security-certification-roadmap/

27. CAREER PATH
Work on
Research
Projects
Develop Online
Profile
Internships
Associate Full
Time Job
Develop Yourself
with Experience
& Certification/
Higher Study
Choose area to
Expertise and
spend extra
effort
Excel as
Professional &
Share
Knowledge
• Attend Workshops
• Work under Professors
• Experiment with Technology
• Present in Conferences
• Share knowledge with peers
• Catalog Projects in Github etc.
• File for Patents when applicable
• Reach out & build Network
• Work for a startup company
• Don’t hesitate to learn new tech
• Understand the needs of Market
• Get as much industry exposure as
possible
• Learn how to work in
Corporate Environment
• Take up ownership of
certain tasks
• Build Trust and
Professional
Relationships
• Put extra effort in first few years of
your career
• Decide if you want to pursue
higher studies and in which subject
• Explore opportunities to prove your
capabilities
• Select a domain in which you would
want to be Subject Matter Expert
• Explore, learn and gain experience
in the subject
• Make yourself ready for higher
responsibilities
• Don’t forget your career path and the
journey that you took
• Stay connected with your teachers
and all who helped you along the
way
• Take time to refresh your knowledge
and stay updated with latest changes

28. CONCLUSION
Background Challenges Advancements Career Conclusions

29. CYBER SECURITY DEFENSE STARTS WITH YOU!
• Use complex password and don’t share with anyone
• Enable multi factor authentication wherever available
• Be mindful of Phishing Attacks – If its too good to be true, it usually isn’t!
• Be mindful of the systems that you use and ensure session is closed
• Always apply security patches to your system
• Don’t open / forward any messages that seem suspicious or tempting offers
• Follow security design principles in what ever activity you do
• Take ownership of your career and prepare to excel!

31. THANK YOU
HTTPS://WWW.LINKEDIN.COM/IN/DR-
VARUN-M-DESHPANDE-33826512/

32. REFERENCES
• https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_The_Global_Risks_Report_2022.pdf
• https://www.informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/worlds-biggest-data-breaches-hacks/
• https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/report-breach-within-six-hours-govt-frames-cybersecurity-norms-101651171521206.html
• https://www.wilmerhale.com/en/insights/blogs/WilmerHale-Privacy-and-Cybersecurity-Law/20220330-sri-lanka-becomes-the-first-south-asian-country-to-pass-comprehensive-
privacy-legislation
• https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/tech/technology/fresh-legislation-may-replace-data-protection-bill/articleshow/89624369.cms
• https://informationisbeautiful.net/visualizations/ransomware-attacks/
• https://www.sentinelone.com/cybersecurity-101/zero-trust-architecture/
• https://2cloud.eu/ddos
• https://www.leapit.co.uk/why-is-cyber-security-important/
• https://www.onelogin.com/learn/ddos-attack
• https://www.cloudflare.com/learning/access-management/phishing-attack/
• https://www.wallarm.com/what/what-is-a-supply-chain-attack
• https://www.belfercenter.org/publication/AttackingAI
• https://www.toolbox.com/it-security/identity-access-management/articles/what-is-privileged-access-management/
• https://www.toolbox.com/it-security/vulnerability-management/articles/what-is-vulnerability-management/
• https://www.pamten.com/blog/security-frameworks/
• https://www.fortinet.com/blog/business-and-technology/fortiweb-release-6-0--ai-based-machine-learning-for-advanced-thr.html
• https://www.uvu.edu/spam/phishing.html

33. HOW TO PROTECT OUR DIGITAL ASSETS FROM THREATS?
• Adopt a Proactive Approach
• Find and fix the Vulnerabilities before hackers
exploit it
• Incorporate Security Design Principles
• Set Proper Security Configurations
• Disable ports which are not required, disable
ICMP response
• Error pages/messages should be generic
• Encrypt data which is sensitive. Even if its lost,
it will not be useful to attackers
• Adopt Secure Development Lifecycle
• Train the team, and provide them enough
resources to implement secure practices
• Monitor your systems for any anomalies
• Setup Google Alerts against GHDB
exploits
• Spikes in usage need to be monitored –
DDOS protection services
• Security breaches are inevitable – Move
Quickly to resolve the issues
• Have a robust Security Incident Response
Team
• Have a Business Continuity Plan
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