This presentation goes over the current cyber state of affairs, explores the changing character of war, and emerging technologies. It discusses the key skills necessary for cyber leaders to meet contemporary challenges in cyberspace, as well as strategic considerations relating to policy, cognition, the ecosystem of innovation and talent management. It concludes by offering teaching pedagogy recommendations. It was presented at the 2018 CYDEF, Cyber Military Defense Workshop taking place in Tokyo, Japan.

1. Cyber Military Education
in an Era of Change
Website: Lkcyber.com
Website: sapien21.com
Twitter: @LKCYBER
Linkedin: linkedin.com/in/lydiak
CYDEF Workshop
April 4-5, 2018
Tokyo, Japan
Lydia Kostopoulos, PhD

2. “`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
Changing character of war & emerging
technologies.
Meeting contemporary defense challenges
with defense leadership guidance.
Talent management, the ecosystem of
innovation, & the cognitive strategic element.
Bloom’s taxonomy, experiential learning,
gaming & the importance of creativity.
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Strategic
Considerations
Pedagogy

3. Changing character of war & emerging technologies.
PHYSICAL DOMAIN COGNITIVE*TEMPORAL*
Geography/Terrain
Infrastructure
Weapons
Land, Air, Sea,
Space, Cyber, EW,
Information
Continuous
Increased Speed of
Decision
Intent, Perception,
Self-Awareness,
Understanding of
Adversary
“`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Strategic
Considerations
Pedagogy

4. Changing character of war & emerging technologies.
“`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Strategic
Considerations
Pedagogy
“As the pace of change
increases, the tension
escalates between the
need to prepare for
future operations and the
difficulty of anticipating
operational
environments.”
General (ret) David Perkins,
Former U.S. Army Commander TRADOC

5. Changing character of war & emerging technologies.
“`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Strategic
Considerations
Pedagogy
Disruptive technologies on the edge:
• Quantum computing
• Directed energy
• Brain Computer Interface (BCI)
• Bio Hacking
3D PrintingMobile Tech Nanotechnology DNA Editing Robotics
Virtual
Reality
Augmented
Reality
Artificial
Intelligence
Internet of Things
Brain Computer
Interface
Bio Hacking

6. Changing character of war & emerging technologies.
“`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Strategic
Considerations
Pedagogy
Source: Functional View of Converging Areas According to CERDEC Draft (From Porche, et al.,
“Redefining Information Warfare Boundaries for an Army in a Wireless World,” p.51)
Convergence Areas

7. Changing character of war & emerging technologies.
“`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Strategic
Considerations
Pedagogy
• Federation and networking:
Improve battlespace connectivity and security, with a focus on data security,
self-healing *resilient* networks, interoperability with coalition partners.
• Resilience and Stealth:
Creativity and ingenuity to deliver desired effect in contested environments,
operating at a higher tempo.
• Data exploitation:
To produce actionable and timely intelligence that contributes to
decision support.
• Cyber and the electromagnetic spectrum:
Continuously growing space with risk and opportunity.
• Autonomous Systems:
A force multiplier, can support persistent operations and conduct creative
maneuvers in complex contested environments. Ability to manage more data
than humans.
Existing Areas for Competitive Cyber Advantage

8. “`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Strategic
Considerations
Pedagogy
Key Skills
• Mental & Organizational Resilience
• Emotional Intelligence
• Understanding of Technology Convergence
Military Leadership Needs
• Lead through change.
• Decision making at high tempo.
• Creative solution finding.
• Ability to build and maintain
coalitions.
Meeting contemporary defense challenges with defense leadership guidance.

9. “`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Pedagogy
Strategic
Considerations
• Effectively blend generations to bring out the best and
collaborate to achieve the mission.
• Agile talent management and development compatible to
generational culture and approach to the workplace.
Talent management, the ecosystem of innovation, & the cognitive strategic element.

10. “`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Pedagogy
Strategic
Considerations
• More people are coming online.
Technology proliferation: Ingenuity and creativity yet to be seen (ex:
VR for terrorist recruitment and training).
• Artificial Intelligence as ‘Decision Support Infrastructure’.
Talent management, the ecosystem of innovation, & the cognitive strategic element.

11. “`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Pedagogy
Strategic
Considerations
Talent management, the ecosystem of innovation, & the cognitive strategic element.
• Strategic deterrence: (1) Deterring actions in cyberspace through all
domains (2) Deterring actions in other domains through cyberspace
• Misinterpretation, and miscalculation.
• Perception management and self-knowledge.
• Legal, ethical, moral and cultural parameters.

12. “`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Strategic
Considerations
Pedagogy
Technology is not the be all and end all. Competitive advantage
will come in originality of operational planning, design, and
execution through constraints and changing environments.
Bloom’s taxonomy, experiential learning, gaming & the importance of creativity.

13. “`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Strategic
Considerations
Pedagogy
Experiential Learning:
Exercises and games
are conducive to
experiential learning.
Technology can enhance
this experience, and
build intuition.
Ex: Augmented & Virtual
Reality: Simulate
decision making under
mental, moral and
physical stress. Mission
rehearsal etc.
Why did that happen?
What do I do next?
What happened?
What did I experience?
Bloom’s taxonomy, experiential learning, gaming & the importance of creativity.

14. “`Cyber Military Education in an Era of Change” Dr. Lydia Kostopoulos Lkcyber.com
State of Affairs
Key Skills
Strategic
Considerations
Pedagogy
Bloom’s taxonomy, experiential learning, gaming & the importance of creativity.

15. ありがとうございます!
Thank you!
Questions? 質問?
Lkcyber.com
linkedin.com/in/lydiak
@LKCYBER
@LKCYBER