The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three key issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. It provides details on the balance of power between the central government and decentralized federal system, and outlines significant amendments over time, including the establishment of the National Front coalition in 1957 to end violence between the two major parties.
1. Since declaring independence from Spain in 1810, Colombia has had 10 constitutions that addressed the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church.
2. A key issue was balancing central vs. decentralized federal power, with the 1886 constitution establishing Colombia as a unitary nation with civil liberties protected at the national level.
3. The constitutions also guaranteed rights like freedom of religion, the right to strike, and universal adult suffrage, while restricting political participation by members of the armed forces.
The document discusses Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It addresses key issues like the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established a strong presidency and guarantees civil liberties and freedoms. It underwent amendments over time, including establishing the National Front coalition in 1957 to end violence between Liberal and Conservative parties. Further reforms in 1968 paved the way for a transition from the National Front to traditional political competition.
The document summarizes the key constitutional developments in Colombia since independence in 1810. It notes that Colombia has had 10 constitutions, which have addressed dividing powers between branches of government, the strength of the executive, and the role of the Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established Colombia's current unitary republic and centralized government structure, though it has undergone many amendments over time, including significant reforms in 1957 that ended violence and established a power-sharing agreement between the two major political parties.
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's governmental system as established in its constitutions since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three main constitutional issues: the division of powers between central and regional government, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. It provides details on the evolution of presidential powers, including during states of emergency, and the relationship between church and state.
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three main constitutional issues: the division of powers between central and regional government, the strength of the chief executive, and the relationship between church and state. It outlines amendments over time that have established checks on presidential power during emergencies, guaranteed civil liberties and political rights, and regulated cooperation between the government and Catholic church.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence in 1810. It discusses three main issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers between central and regional governments, the strength of the executive branch, and the relationship between church and state. The 1886 constitution established Colombia's current system of government, with amendments made over time, including in 1957 to establish a power-sharing agreement between the two main political parties called the National Front.
The document discusses Colombia's governmental system from its independence in 1810 to present day. It covers:
- Colombia has had 10 constitutions since 1810, with the current one established in 1886 that set up a unitary republic.
- The constitutions addressed division of powers, strength of the executive, and the role of the Catholic Church.
- The issue of a strong central government versus a decentralized federal system was important in constitutional development.
- The document provides details on the powers granted to the president and limitations over time in various constitutions. It also discusses amendments over time and the current system of three branches of government with separation of powers.
The document discusses Colombia's governmental system from its independence in 1810 to present day. It covers the following key points:
- Colombia has had 10 constitutions since 1810, with the current one established in 1886 that set up a unitary republic. Issues of division of powers, strength of the executive, and the Catholic Church's role were addressed.
- There was debate around a strong central government vs a decentralized federal system. The 1886 constitution established sovereignty at the national level and guaranteed civil liberties.
- The constitutions balanced executive powers with checks by the legislature and judiciary. They also addressed rights like labor protections, voting rights, and states of emergency. Religious freedom and the privileged role of the Catholic
1. Since declaring independence from Spain in 1810, Colombia has had 10 constitutions that addressed the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church.
2. A key issue was balancing central vs. decentralized federal power, with the 1886 constitution establishing Colombia as a unitary nation with civil liberties protected at the national level.
3. The constitutions also guaranteed rights like freedom of religion, the right to strike, and universal adult suffrage, while restricting political participation by members of the armed forces.
The document discusses Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It addresses key issues like the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established a strong presidency and guarantees civil liberties and freedoms. It underwent amendments over time, including establishing the National Front coalition in 1957 to end violence between Liberal and Conservative parties. Further reforms in 1968 paved the way for a transition from the National Front to traditional political competition.
The document summarizes the key constitutional developments in Colombia since independence in 1810. It notes that Colombia has had 10 constitutions, which have addressed dividing powers between branches of government, the strength of the executive, and the role of the Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established Colombia's current unitary republic and centralized government structure, though it has undergone many amendments over time, including significant reforms in 1957 that ended violence and established a power-sharing agreement between the two major political parties.
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's governmental system as established in its constitutions since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three main constitutional issues: the division of powers between central and regional government, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. It provides details on the evolution of presidential powers, including during states of emergency, and the relationship between church and state.
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three main constitutional issues: the division of powers between central and regional government, the strength of the chief executive, and the relationship between church and state. It outlines amendments over time that have established checks on presidential power during emergencies, guaranteed civil liberties and political rights, and regulated cooperation between the government and Catholic church.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence in 1810. It discusses three main issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers between central and regional governments, the strength of the executive branch, and the relationship between church and state. The 1886 constitution established Colombia's current system of government, with amendments made over time, including in 1957 to establish a power-sharing agreement between the two main political parties called the National Front.
The document discusses Colombia's governmental system from its independence in 1810 to present day. It covers:
- Colombia has had 10 constitutions since 1810, with the current one established in 1886 that set up a unitary republic.
- The constitutions addressed division of powers, strength of the executive, and the role of the Catholic Church.
- The issue of a strong central government versus a decentralized federal system was important in constitutional development.
- The document provides details on the powers granted to the president and limitations over time in various constitutions. It also discusses amendments over time and the current system of three branches of government with separation of powers.
The document discusses Colombia's governmental system from its independence in 1810 to present day. It covers the following key points:
- Colombia has had 10 constitutions since 1810, with the current one established in 1886 that set up a unitary republic. Issues of division of powers, strength of the executive, and the Catholic Church's role were addressed.
- There was debate around a strong central government vs a decentralized federal system. The 1886 constitution established sovereignty at the national level and guaranteed civil liberties.
- The constitutions balanced executive powers with checks by the legislature and judiciary. They also addressed rights like labor protections, voting rights, and states of emergency. Religious freedom and the privileged role of the Catholic
The document discusses Colombia's governmental system from its independence in 1810 to present day. It covers the following key points:
- Colombia has had 10 constitutions since 1810, with the current one established in 1886 that set up a unitary republic. Issues of division of powers, strength of the executive, and the Catholic Church's role were addressed.
- There was debate around a strong central government vs a decentralized federal system. The 1886 constitution established sovereignty at the national level and guaranteed civil liberties.
- The constitutions balanced executive powers with checks by the legislature and judiciary. They also addressed rights like labor protections, voting rights, and religious freedom. The document outlines the evolution of these issues over time through
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three main issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: 1) the division of powers between central and local government, 2) the strength of the executive branch, and 3) the role of the Roman Catholic Church. It focuses on the establishment of a unitary republic in 1886 and amendments made through military dictatorships and the National Front coalition that governed from 1958 to 1974.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence in 1810. It discusses the key issues addressed in successive constitutions around the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established Colombia as a unitary republic with separation of powers but concentrated policymaking authority in the executive branch. Significant amendments in 1957 ended partisan violence by implementing power-sharing between the Liberal and Conservative parties until 1974. Further reforms in 1968 gradually transitioned the system back to traditional multi-party competition.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence in 1810. It discusses three key issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers between central and local government, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. It then focuses on the 1886 constitution, which established Colombia as a unitary republic, and the significant constitutional amendments in 1957 that established the bipartisan National Front system to end violence between the Liberal and Conservative parties.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence in 1810. It discusses three key issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers between central and local government, the strength of the chief executive, and the relationship between church and state. The current 1886 constitution established Colombia as a unitary republic with separation of powers among the executive, legislature, and judiciary, while concentrating policymaking authority in the executive branch. The constitution has undergone many amendments over time.
Colombia has had 10 constitutions since gaining independence from Spain in 1810 that have addressed divisions of power, the role of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. A key issue was balancing a strong central government versus a decentralized federal system. The 1886 constitution established the current branches of government and guarantees civil liberties and political rights while giving preferential treatment to the Catholic faith. It has undergone many amendments over time to reform the political system and address issues like the economy, role of the military, and women's suffrage.
Social Studies Project The Governmental Systemmafe
Colombia has had ten constitutions since gaining independence from Spain in 1810, with the current constitution established in 1886. Key issues addressed in the constitutions include the division of powers between branches of government, the strength of the executive branch and president's emergency powers, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. The constitutions also dealt with the debate around strong central government versus a decentralized federal system and guarantees of civil liberties and rights.
Analyses of czech legislative environment for Social entrepreneurshipInnovation Tank
This document provides an overview of the legal framework governing civil society organizations (CSOs) in the Czech Republic. It discusses the main laws regulating associations, foundations, endowment funds, public benefit institutions, and registered religious legal persons. The general regulation of legal persons is contained in the Czech Civil Code, while special types of CSO legal forms are regulated by separate laws. There are over 50,000 registered associations and around 2,000 foundations, endowment funds, and public benefit institutions operating in the Czech Republic. CSO establishment involves both formation by founders and registration with the Ministry of Interior.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three key issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. It provides details on the balance of power between the central government and decentralized federal system, and outlines significant amendments over time that have shifted power between branches of government.
Questions and Answers by Andres Hernandez Bravo777777777
This social studies project presents information about Colombia's governmental system. It provides answers to 20 questions about Colombia's constitutions, the concept of a state of siege, plebiscites, bureaucracy, how Congress is elected, the functions of superior courts and administrative courts, constitutional amendments, the National Front political period, decree-laws, the roles of commander-in-chief and the presidential designate, and what a cabinet minister is. The project was presented to Diego Villamizar by Andres Hernandez Bravo, a 5th grade student.
Andres Hernandez Bravo work, concept maps777777777
A 5th grade student presented a social studies project to Diego Villamizar on Colombia's governmental system. The project included answers to 4 questions: 1) Colombia had 10 constitutions prior to 1886; 2) A constitution establishes rules for governing a country; 3) A state of siege restricts people's movement during a crisis; 4) A plebiscite allows all citizens to vote directly on a proposal rather than through representatives.
The document discusses Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It covers three main issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established the current system of separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches with checks and balances, though the executive holds significant power. Major amendments in 1957 and 1968 transitioned the government from a competitive system to a power-sharing arrangement between the two major parties.
The document presents a concept map about the governmental system. A concept map helps answer focus questions by organizing relevant knowledge in a hierarchical structure using concepts connected by linking words or phrases to form propositions. Organized knowledge is necessary for effective teaching and learning, and involves perceiving regularities or patterns in events, objects, and concepts represented by symbols and words. The hierarchical structure aids creativity and shows interrelationships between different parts of the map.
This presentation was held at the SBML/BioModels.net hackathon on May 1st 2010. It gives a brief overview of SED-ML and introduces a first implementation with http://libsedml.sf.net.
Andres Hernandez Bravo Work of Concept Maps777777777
The president of Colombia must be a native born Colombian citizen, in full possession of their political rights, and elected by direct popular vote. As chief of state, the president appoints cabinet members and governors, and oversees the executive branch including government agencies. In the 1980s, the executive branch was strengthened by staffing agencies with technocrats like economists, agronomists, and engineers. The president provides leadership to the unitary system of government in Colombia through appointments and executive powers.
Committee Chairs: Ex-Officio Members:
ORCA President-Elect Douglas Donegan, Membership Joseph Keferl, Wright State University
Ohio Rehabilitation Services Comm. Sequoyah Summerlin, Program Amber Koester, Ohio University
150 E. Campus View Blvd. Annette Newell, Public Relations Covia Boyd, Ohio University
Columbus, OH 43235 Susan Pugh, Awards Mary Anne Joseph, Ohio University
614-466-6031 Ex-Officio Members: Lisa Ringwalt, Ohio Rehabilitation Services Comm.
Alicia Schroeder Joseph Keferl, Wright State University Scott Winberry
A political constitution establishes the legislature as the main check on executive power, unlike a legal constitution which gives this role to the judiciary. There are several forms of government including:
- Authoritarianism which emphasizes state authority with some individual freedom.
- Anarchy which is the absence of government and lawlessness.
- Anarchism which favors a stateless society without unnecessary state involvement.
- Democracy which is direct rule by the people or their elected representatives and values equality and freedom.
A state possesses authority over people in a society through institutions that make and enforce rules, and has internal and external sovereignty over a defined territory.
The document presents a concept map about the governmental system. A concept map helps answer focus questions by organizing relevant knowledge in a hierarchical structure using concepts connected by linking words or phrases to form propositions. Organized knowledge is necessary for effective teaching and learning, and involves perceiving regularities or patterns in events, objects, and concepts represented by symbols and words. The hierarchical structure aids creativity and shows interrelationships between different parts of the map.
The document presents a concept map about the governmental system. A concept map helps answer focus questions by organizing relevant knowledge in a hierarchical structure using concepts connected by linking words or phrases to form propositions. Organized knowledge is necessary for effective teaching and learning, and involves perceiving regularities or patterns in events, objects, and concepts labeled with symbols and words. The hierarchical structure aids creativity and shows interrelationships between different parts of the map.
The document discusses Colombia's governmental system from its independence in 1810 to present day. It covers the following key points:
- Colombia has had 10 constitutions since 1810, with the current one established in 1886 that set up a unitary republic. Issues of division of powers, strength of the executive, and the Catholic Church's role were addressed.
- There was debate around a strong central government vs a decentralized federal system. The 1886 constitution established sovereignty at the national level and guaranteed civil liberties.
- The constitutions balanced executive powers with checks by the legislature and judiciary. They also addressed rights like labor protections, voting rights, and religious freedom. The document outlines the evolution of these issues over time through
The document summarizes key aspects of Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three main issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: 1) the division of powers between central and local government, 2) the strength of the executive branch, and 3) the role of the Roman Catholic Church. It focuses on the establishment of a unitary republic in 1886 and amendments made through military dictatorships and the National Front coalition that governed from 1958 to 1974.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence in 1810. It discusses the key issues addressed in successive constitutions around the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established Colombia as a unitary republic with separation of powers but concentrated policymaking authority in the executive branch. Significant amendments in 1957 ended partisan violence by implementing power-sharing between the Liberal and Conservative parties until 1974. Further reforms in 1968 gradually transitioned the system back to traditional multi-party competition.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence in 1810. It discusses three key issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers between central and local government, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. It then focuses on the 1886 constitution, which established Colombia as a unitary republic, and the significant constitutional amendments in 1957 that established the bipartisan National Front system to end violence between the Liberal and Conservative parties.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence in 1810. It discusses three key issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers between central and local government, the strength of the chief executive, and the relationship between church and state. The current 1886 constitution established Colombia as a unitary republic with separation of powers among the executive, legislature, and judiciary, while concentrating policymaking authority in the executive branch. The constitution has undergone many amendments over time.
Colombia has had 10 constitutions since gaining independence from Spain in 1810 that have addressed divisions of power, the role of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. A key issue was balancing a strong central government versus a decentralized federal system. The 1886 constitution established the current branches of government and guarantees civil liberties and political rights while giving preferential treatment to the Catholic faith. It has undergone many amendments over time to reform the political system and address issues like the economy, role of the military, and women's suffrage.
Social Studies Project The Governmental Systemmafe
Colombia has had ten constitutions since gaining independence from Spain in 1810, with the current constitution established in 1886. Key issues addressed in the constitutions include the division of powers between branches of government, the strength of the executive branch and president's emergency powers, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. The constitutions also dealt with the debate around strong central government versus a decentralized federal system and guarantees of civil liberties and rights.
Analyses of czech legislative environment for Social entrepreneurshipInnovation Tank
This document provides an overview of the legal framework governing civil society organizations (CSOs) in the Czech Republic. It discusses the main laws regulating associations, foundations, endowment funds, public benefit institutions, and registered religious legal persons. The general regulation of legal persons is contained in the Czech Civil Code, while special types of CSO legal forms are regulated by separate laws. There are over 50,000 registered associations and around 2,000 foundations, endowment funds, and public benefit institutions operating in the Czech Republic. CSO establishment involves both formation by founders and registration with the Ministry of Interior.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It discusses three key issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. It provides details on the balance of power between the central government and decentralized federal system, and outlines significant amendments over time that have shifted power between branches of government.
Questions and Answers by Andres Hernandez Bravo777777777
This social studies project presents information about Colombia's governmental system. It provides answers to 20 questions about Colombia's constitutions, the concept of a state of siege, plebiscites, bureaucracy, how Congress is elected, the functions of superior courts and administrative courts, constitutional amendments, the National Front political period, decree-laws, the roles of commander-in-chief and the presidential designate, and what a cabinet minister is. The project was presented to Diego Villamizar by Andres Hernandez Bravo, a 5th grade student.
Andres Hernandez Bravo work, concept maps777777777
A 5th grade student presented a social studies project to Diego Villamizar on Colombia's governmental system. The project included answers to 4 questions: 1) Colombia had 10 constitutions prior to 1886; 2) A constitution establishes rules for governing a country; 3) A state of siege restricts people's movement during a crisis; 4) A plebiscite allows all citizens to vote directly on a proposal rather than through representatives.
The document discusses Colombia's constitutional development since independence from Spain in 1810. It covers three main issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established the current system of separate executive, legislative, and judicial branches with checks and balances, though the executive holds significant power. Major amendments in 1957 and 1968 transitioned the government from a competitive system to a power-sharing arrangement between the two major parties.
The document presents a concept map about the governmental system. A concept map helps answer focus questions by organizing relevant knowledge in a hierarchical structure using concepts connected by linking words or phrases to form propositions. Organized knowledge is necessary for effective teaching and learning, and involves perceiving regularities or patterns in events, objects, and concepts represented by symbols and words. The hierarchical structure aids creativity and shows interrelationships between different parts of the map.
This presentation was held at the SBML/BioModels.net hackathon on May 1st 2010. It gives a brief overview of SED-ML and introduces a first implementation with http://libsedml.sf.net.
Andres Hernandez Bravo Work of Concept Maps777777777
The president of Colombia must be a native born Colombian citizen, in full possession of their political rights, and elected by direct popular vote. As chief of state, the president appoints cabinet members and governors, and oversees the executive branch including government agencies. In the 1980s, the executive branch was strengthened by staffing agencies with technocrats like economists, agronomists, and engineers. The president provides leadership to the unitary system of government in Colombia through appointments and executive powers.
Committee Chairs: Ex-Officio Members:
ORCA President-Elect Douglas Donegan, Membership Joseph Keferl, Wright State University
Ohio Rehabilitation Services Comm. Sequoyah Summerlin, Program Amber Koester, Ohio University
150 E. Campus View Blvd. Annette Newell, Public Relations Covia Boyd, Ohio University
Columbus, OH 43235 Susan Pugh, Awards Mary Anne Joseph, Ohio University
614-466-6031 Ex-Officio Members: Lisa Ringwalt, Ohio Rehabilitation Services Comm.
Alicia Schroeder Joseph Keferl, Wright State University Scott Winberry
A political constitution establishes the legislature as the main check on executive power, unlike a legal constitution which gives this role to the judiciary. There are several forms of government including:
- Authoritarianism which emphasizes state authority with some individual freedom.
- Anarchy which is the absence of government and lawlessness.
- Anarchism which favors a stateless society without unnecessary state involvement.
- Democracy which is direct rule by the people or their elected representatives and values equality and freedom.
A state possesses authority over people in a society through institutions that make and enforce rules, and has internal and external sovereignty over a defined territory.
The document presents a concept map about the governmental system. A concept map helps answer focus questions by organizing relevant knowledge in a hierarchical structure using concepts connected by linking words or phrases to form propositions. Organized knowledge is necessary for effective teaching and learning, and involves perceiving regularities or patterns in events, objects, and concepts represented by symbols and words. The hierarchical structure aids creativity and shows interrelationships between different parts of the map.
The document presents a concept map about the governmental system. A concept map helps answer focus questions by organizing relevant knowledge in a hierarchical structure using concepts connected by linking words or phrases to form propositions. Organized knowledge is necessary for effective teaching and learning, and involves perceiving regularities or patterns in events, objects, and concepts labeled with symbols and words. The hierarchical structure aids creativity and shows interrelationships between different parts of the map.
A political constitution establishes the legislature as the main check on executive power, as opposed to a legal constitution where the judiciary provides greater oversight of government. There are several forms of government including authoritarianism, where non-elected rulers permit some individual freedom; anarchy, which is the absence of government and law; and democracy, where people directly participate in government or elect representatives. A state is defined as a set of institutions that make rules to govern people over a definite territory and can have internal and external sovereignty.
Andres Hernandez Bravo Work of Concept Maps777777777
The president of Colombia must be a native born Colombian citizen, in full possession of their political rights, and elected by direct popular vote. As chief of state, the president appoints cabinet members and governors, and oversees the executive branch including government agencies. In the 1980s, the executive branch was strengthened by staffing agencies with technocrats like economists, agronomists, and engineers. The president provides leadership to the unitary system of government in Colombia through appointments and executive powers.
Computational Tools For The Annotation of SBML ModelsFrank Bergmann
I was asked to give a brief talk in a Seminar (Semantic Web in Biomedicine), on computational tools that make the task of using all the great ontologies (like MIRIAM, SBO, ChEBI, UniProt, KEGG) that we have come to love easier.
In the presentation I introduce several of the Web Services at the EBI, libAnnotationSBML and SAINT.
Colombia has had 10 constitutions since gaining independence in 1810 that have addressed divisions of power, the role of the executive, and the Catholic Church. A key issue was balancing centralized vs decentralized government. The 1886 constitution established separation of powers while giving the executive strong emergency powers. It also guaranteed some privileges for the Catholic Church. The constitution has undergone many amendments, including in 1957 which transitioned the government from a competitive system to a power-sharing coalition and in 1968 which further expanded executive power over the economy.
Colombia has had 10 constitutions since gaining independence from Spain in 1810. These constitutions addressed the division of powers, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established Colombia as a unitary republic and specified that sovereignty resides in the nation, guaranteeing civil liberties. It also guaranteed rights to strike and vote, as well as preferential treatment for the Catholic Church. The constitution has undergone amendments, most significantly in 1957 which established the National Front power-sharing agreement between the two major parties to end violence.
Colombia has had 10 constitutions since gaining independence from Spain in 1810. These constitutions addressed the division of powers, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established Colombia as a unitary republic and specified that sovereignty resides with the nation, guaranteeing civil liberties. It also guaranteed rights to strike and vote, as well as preferential treatment for the Catholic Church. The constitution has undergone amendments, most significantly in 1957 establishing the National Front power-sharing agreement between the two major parties to end violence.
The document discusses the constitutional history and development of Colombia since its independence from Spain in 1810. It notes that Colombia has had 10 constitutions, which have addressed dividing powers between branches of government, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. The current 1886 constitution establishes a unitary republic with separated executive, legislative, and judicial branches, though the executive holds significant policy-making power. The constitution has undergone numerous amendments over time to change the balance of powers.
Colombia has had ten constitutions since gaining independence from Spain in 1810 that have addressed divisions of power, the role of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. A key issue debated was the balance between a strong central government and a decentralized federal system. The 1886 constitution established the current branches of government and guarantees civil liberties and political rights while giving preferential treatment to the Catholic faith. It has undergone many amendments over time to reform the political system and address issues like the economy, role of the military, and women's suffrage.
The document summarizes Colombia's governmental system from its independence in 1810 to the late 20th century. It discusses the 10 constitutions Colombia had during this period, with a focus on the 1886 constitution that established the current unitary republic. Key topics covered include the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, the role of the Roman Catholic Church, civil liberties, states of emergency, and the National Front coalition government formed in the 1950s.
The document summarizes Colombia's governmental system, including its constitutions and divisions of power. It discusses key aspects like:
- Colombia has had 10 constitutions since independence in 1810, with the current one established in 1886.
- Issues addressed include the division of powers, strength of the executive, and the role of the Catholic Church.
- The constitutions have balanced federal vs unitary systems of government and defined executive powers.
- Important institutions discussed include the branches of government, civil liberties, states of emergency, and the privileged role of the Catholic Church.
The document discusses Colombia's governmental system, including its constitutions and divisions of power. It notes that Colombia has had 10 constitutions since independence in 1810, with the current one established in 1886. The constitutions addressed the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. Key topics covered include the central government, civil liberties, states of emergency, and the 1957 National Front agreement between political parties.
The document summarizes Colombia's governmental system, including its constitutions and divisions of power. It discusses key aspects like:
- Colombia has had 10 constitutions since independence in 1810, with the current one established in 1886.
- Issues addressed include the division of powers, strength of the executive, and the role of the Catholic Church.
- The constitutions have shifted between strong central government and decentralized federal systems.
- Major amendments and agreements in the 1950s-60s aimed to end violence and establish power sharing between parties.
The document summarizes Colombia's governmental system from its independence in 1810 to present day. It discusses the 10 constitutions Colombia has had, with the 1886 constitution establishing the current unitary republic. Key topics covered include the division of powers, the role of the executive branch, the Roman Catholic Church's influence, civil liberties, states of emergency, and the establishment of the National Front coalition in the 1950s-70s to end violence.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence in 1810. It discusses the key issues addressed in successive constitutions around the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. The 1886 constitution established Colombia as a unitary republic with separation of powers but concentrated policymaking authority in the executive branch. Significant amendments in 1957 ended partisan violence by instituting power sharing between the Liberal and Conservative parties until 1974. Further reforms in 1968 gradually transitioned the system back to traditional multiparty competition.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence in 1810. It discusses three key issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers between central and local government, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. It then focuses on the 1886 constitution, which established Colombia as a unitary republic, and the significant constitutional amendments of 1957 that instituted the bipartisan National Front system to end violence between the Liberal and Conservative parties.
The document summarizes Colombia's constitutional development since independence in 1810. It discusses three key issues addressed in Colombia's ten constitutions: the division of powers between central and local government, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. The current 1886 constitution established Colombia as a unitary republic with guarantees of civil liberties and separation of powers among the executive, legislature, and judiciary. It has undergone many amendments, including in 1957 establishing a bipartisan system to end violence and in 1968 further transitioning to traditional party competition.
Colombia has had 10 constitutions since gaining independence in 1810, with the current constitution adopted in 1886 establishing a unitary republic. Key issues addressed in the constitutions include the division of powers, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Catholic Church. The constitutions have undergone amendments over time, most significantly in 1910, 1936, 1945, 1957, and 1968. The 1957 amendments established the bipartisan National Front system to end violence between the Liberal and Conservative parties and share power until 1974.
This document summarizes the constitutional developments in Colombia prior to the 1886 constitution through responses to questions. It discusses the seven constitutions before 1886, the changing models of government from federalist to centralized, changes to presidential terms and election processes, and key elements like the abolition of slavery in 1851. The 1886 constitution established a centralized republic with a 6-year presidential term elected by Congress.
This document summarizes the constitutional developments in Colombia prior to the 1886 constitution through responses to questions. It discusses the seven constitutions before 1886, the changing models of government from federalist to centralized, changes to presidential terms and election processes, and key elements like the abolition of slavery in 1851. The 1886 constitution established a centralized republic with a 6-year presidential term elected by Congress.
The document discusses Colombia's constitutions since independence from Spain in 1810. It notes that Colombia has had ten constitutions with the current one established in 1886. The constitutions addressed division of powers between branches of government, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. They also dealt with issues of central versus decentralized government and guarantees of civil liberties. The constitutions have shaped Colombia's political system and balance of powers.
The document discusses Colombia's constitutions since independence from Spain in 1810. It notes Colombia has had ten constitutions with the current one established in 1886. The constitutions addressed dividing powers between branches of government, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. The constitutions also dealt with issues of central versus decentralized government and guarantees of civil liberties.
The document discusses Colombia's constitutions since independence from Spain in 1810. It notes Colombia has had ten constitutions with the current one established in 1886. The constitutions addressed division of powers between branches of government, strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. The constitutions also dealt with issues of central versus decentralized government and guarantees of civil liberties.
The document discusses Colombia's constitutions since independence from Spain in 1810. It notes that Colombia has had ten constitutions with the current one established in 1886. The constitutions addressed division of powers between branches of government, the strength of the executive branch, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. They also dealt with issues of central versus decentralized government and guarantees of civil liberties. The constitutions have shaped executive powers and the use of emergency powers in times of disorder. Religious freedom and the status of the church have also been constitutional issues over time.
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1. Social Studies Presented to: Diego Villamizar By: Juan Esteban Moreno, Nicolás Guerrero Ayala and Andrés Hernández Bravo Grade:5B Presented in: 01/03/10 Theme: The Governmental System (Constitutional Development) :
2. Main Ideas: Since declaring its independence from Spain in 1810, Colombia has had ten constitutions. These constitutions addressed three important issues: the division of powers, the strength of the chief executive, and the role of the Roman Catholic Church. The issue of a strong central government versus a decentralized federal system was especially important in the nation´s constitutional development. In settling the federal-unitary debate, the 1886 constitution specifies that sovereignty resides in the nation, which provides guarantees of civil liberties. The constitution, by noting that labor is a social obligation protected by the state--guarantees the right to strike, except in the public service. The constitution, as amended, also gives all citizens a legal right to vote if they are at least eighteen years old, have a citizenship card, and are registered to vote. The constitution prohibits members of the armed forces on active duty, members of the National Police, and individuals legally deprived of their political rights from participating in any political activities, including voting. A second constitutional issue has been the strength of the chief executive´s office, specially the
3. presidential use of emergency powers to deal with civil disorders. The 1830 constitution further strengthened executive powers by creating the Public Ministry, which enabled the president to supervise judicial affairs. The federal constitutions of 1853 and 1863, however, limited presidential control by granting many powers to the territorial departments, by allowing offices to be filled by election rather than appointment, and by depriving the president of authority to assume additional emergency powers. The 1886 constitution establishes three branches of government—the executive, the legislature and judiciary--with separation of powers and checks and balances. Nonetheless, policy-making authority rests almost exclusively with the executive branch of government, specifically with a president who is both with chief executive and head of state. The 1886 Constitution restored strong executive powers primarily through the president´s ability to invoke a state of siege under Article 121 and a state of emergency(estatuto de emergencia) under Article 122. A 1961 constitutional amendment also requires that Congress remain in permanent session during a state of siege , although it may not contravene the president´s decrees.The
4. relationship of the Roman Catholic Church to the State was a third of constitutional issue. The 1832 and 1840 constitutions, which guaranteed religious freedom and prohibited religious bodies from owning real state , abolished the church´s privileged status. The 1886 constitution, as amended , guarantees freedom of religion and conscience but affords the Catholic faith preferential treatment. The Preamble to the amendments adopted by a National plebiscite in 1957 also notes the privileged position of the Roman Catholic Church, stating that the Roman, Catholic and Apostolic Religion is that of the nation and as such is to be protected and respected by the public powers of the state. The constitution has undergone extensive and frequent amendments, the most significant of which included legislative acts in 1910, 1936,1945,1959, and 1968; a national plebiscite and legislative decrees in 1957; and economic reform in 1979. Amendments adopted in December 1968 reaffirm a president´s ability to declare a state of emergency and allow the executive to intervene selectively in specific areas of the economy to prevent crises or facilitate development plans. A president must obtain the consent of the ninety days. The most
5. important constitutional amendments resulted from the Sitges Agreement and the subsequent San Carlos Agreement, drawn up by Liberal and Conservative leaders together at meetings in 1957. In May 1957, the two rival parties had united in the National Front coalition, which was envisioned as a bipartisan way to end the “violencia” and dictatorial rule. Although the military continued in power for a one-year transition period, the constitutional framework for a new governing system was institutionalized when the Colombian people overwhelmingly ratified the Sitges and San Carlos agreements in a national plebiscite in December 1957. The 1957 amendments essentially changed the nature of the government from a competitive system characterized by intense party loyalties and political violence to a coalition government in which the two mayor parties shared power. By mid-1960s, “la violencia” had been reduced largely to banditry and an incipient guerrilla movement. The old patterns of blind partisanship and interparty hostilities declined markedly and were replaced with dialogue among leaders of the two parties. Under the 1957 amendments, the National Front mandated three principles of
6. government. First, it alternated the presidency between the two parties in regular elections held every four years (alternacion). Second, it provided for parity in elective and appointive positions at all levels of government , including cabinet and Supreme Court positions not falling under the civil service, as well as the election of equal numbers of party members to local, departmental, and national assembles. And third, it required that all legislation be passed by a two-thirds majority in Congress. The 1968 constitutional reforms provided for a carefully measured transition from the National Front to traditional two-party competition. They also provided some measures of recognition for minority parties that previously were prohibited from participing in the government. The 1968 amendments additionally allowed for the “dismantling” of the National Front coalition arrangement by increasing executive powers in economic, social, and development matters. The constitutional changes, particularly the abolition of two-thirds majority requirement in both houses of Congress for the passage of major legislation, also affected the powers of Congress and its relationship with the president. Other congressional changes included
7. the creation of a special committee to deal with economic and social development plans; the extension of a representative´s term from two to four year; and the adoption of amendments dealing with matters such as the length of sessions, meeting times, and the size of quorums. The1968 reforms also ended, beginning in 1970, the parity requirement for legislative seats at the municipal and departmental levels. Although the Sitges and San Carlos agreements provisions for alternating the presidency and maintaining party parity in Congress ended in 1974 when both parties ran candidates for the presidency, parity in the bureaucracy continued for another four years. Beginning in 1978, presidents could select their cabinets and appoint other officials without consideration for party parity. Liberal president Julio Cesar Turbay Ayala, who took office in 1978, and Conservative president BelisarioBetancurCuartas --elected in 1982--both gave half of their cabinet positions to rival party members. The 1968 amendments led to other important changes in the governmental system, such as widening the scope of governmental authority, particularly in the area of economy. This amendment allows the government to intervene in production,
8. distribution, utilization, and consumption of goods and services in a manner responsive to economic planning for integral development. In 1988 the provisions of the 1886 Constitution, as amended, still governed Colombia. That February, however, President Barco responded to a wave of attacks by drug traffickers and guerrillas by launching an effort to rewrite the Constitution and make it a more effective weapon in the fight against violence. He also wanted to streamline the state to permit authorities to better deal with political and drug-related crimes. The leaders of various political parties and factions signed a political agreement, called the Nariño House Accord, that signaled a consensus on the need to hold a national plebiscite on October9, 1988, on the institutional reforms proposed by Barco. Municipal elections held in March 1988 determined the party composition of a fifty-member panel, called the Institutional Readjustment Commission, whose purpose was to ask voters to approve constitutional changes in the planned October plebiscite. The Nariño House Accord was suspended in April 1988,however, as a result of a decision by the Council of State--the highest court on
9. constitutional and administrative matters--that the holding of a plebiscite would have raised a constitutional problem. Concepts: Constitutions:constitution is a set of rules for government, often codified as a written document. that enumerates the powers and functions of a political entity. Division of Powers: The separation of powers is a model for the governance of states, the state is divided into branches each with separate and independent powers and areas of responsibility. Chief Executive: chief executive is one of the highest-ranking corporate officers or administrators in change of total management. An individual selected as president of a corporation, company, organization, or agency, reports to the board of directors. Roman Catholic Church: The Roman Catholic church, the largest of the Christian churches, although present in all parts of the world, is identified as Roman because of its historical roots in Rome and because of the importance it attaches to the worldwide ministry of the bishop of Rome, the pope.
10. Central Government: Central government or union government is the government at the level of the nation-state. Usual responsibilities of this level of government are maintaining national security and exercising international diplomacy, including the right to sign binding treaties. Decentralized Federal System: the transfer of authority and responsibility for public functions from the federal government to subordinate or quasi-independent government organizations and/or the private sector. Civil Liberties: Civil liberties are rights and freedoms that protect an individual from the state. Civil liberties set limits on government so that its members cannot abuse their power and interfere unduly with the lives of private citizens. Social Obligation: Social obligation is an theory that an entity whether it is a government, corporation, organization or individual has a responsibility to society at large. This obligation can be negative, meaning there is exemption from blame or liability, or it can be positive, meaning there is a responsibility to act beneficently (proactive stance).
11. Public Service: Public services are services provided by government to its citizens, either directly or by financing private provision of services. Even where public services are neither publicly provided nor publicly financed, for social and political reasons they are usually subject to regulation going beyond that applying to most economic sectors. Political Rights: This rights are often included in the foundational questions governments and politics have been designed to deal with. Often the development of these socio-political institutions have formed a dialectical relationship with rights. Political Activities: The Public Service Employment Act provides a new regime for governing the political activities of public servants, recognizing the need to balance the rights of employees to engage in political activities with the principle of an impartial public service. The Public Service Commission (PSC) oversees the political impartiality of the public service. Civil Disorders: Civil disorder is typically used by law enforcement to describe one or more forms of disturbance caused by a group of people.Civil disturbance is typically a symptom of, and a form of protest
12. against, major socio-political problems; the severity of the action coincides with public expression(s) of displeasure. State of Emergency: A state of emergency is a governmental declaration that may suspend certain normal functions of government, alert citizens to alter their normal behaviors, or order government agencies to implement emergency preparedness plans. It can also be used as a rationale for suspending civil liberties. State of Siege: A state of siege is a situation in which a government or other authority puts restrictions on the movement of people into or out of a country, town, or building. National Emergency: The National Emergencies were created to stop open-ended states of national emergency and formalize the power of Congress to provide certain checks and balances on the emergency powers of the President. The act sets a limit of two years on states of national emergency. It also imposes certain "procedural formalities" on the President when invoking such powers. Executive Branch (Colombia): The Executive Branch of Government in Colombia is one of the three branches of the government of Colombia
13. under the Constitutional provision of separation of powers. The executive branch is led by the President of Colombia and its collaborating institutions; mainly the Council of Ministers. Executive Powers: The separation of powers system is designed to distribute authority away from the executive branch an attempt to preserve individual liberty in response to tyrannical leadership throughout history. The executive officer is not supposed to make , or interpret them. The role of the executive is to enforce the law as written by the legislature and interpreted by the judicial system. Religious Freedom: Freedom of religion is a principle that supports the freedom of an individual or community, in public or private, to manifest religion or belief in teaching, practice, worship, and observance; the concept is generally recognized also to include the freedom to change religion or not to follow any religion. Religious Bodies: "Religious body" means any congregation, society or body in the Gilbert Islands consisting of or representing not less than 50 persons of the age of 21 years and upwards holding religious tenets in common and which has its own system of discipline and internal
14. government. Civil Service: Civil service has two distinct meanings: A branch of governmental service in which individuals are employed on the basis of professional merit as proven by competitive examinations. The body of employees in any government agency other than the military National Front: The National Front is a far-right and whites-only British political party whose major political activities were during the 1970s and 1980s.