C.slideshare
•
2 likes•739 views
A presentation that offers a general perspective of one of the more important topics related with the foreign entry modes.
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
Countertrade
This document defines and describes countertrade, which refers to international trade where payment is made in goods or services rather than money. It is used when countries lack hard currency or when traditional market trade is impossible. Countertrade involves two countries or companies that trade goods and services they each want. Types include barter, switch trading, counterpurchase, and buyback. Advantages are additional hard currency, technology gains, and conserving currency reserves, while disadvantages include handling unfamiliar goods. Various firms use countertrade and references are provided.
Negocios countertrade
Countertrade is a form of international trade where goods are exchanged for other goods rather than currency. For example, Colombia may need rice from the US, the US needs electronics from Japan, and Japan needs coffee from Colombia. Countertrade can benefit countries by providing an option for trade when currency is unavailable, increasing competition, and creating non-trade relationships. However, it also risks difficulty disposing of goods received, lacking internal expertise, uncertainty in results, and lengthy time periods. Common types of countertrade include barter, switch trading, counter-purchase, buyback, offset, and compensation trade.
Counter trade
Counter-trade involves the exchange of goods, services, or technologies between two trading partners, often used when one party lacks cash or other currency to pay for imports. Some pros of counter-trade include allowing international trade when hard currency is scarce and building long-term partnerships between companies. However, counter-trade can be complex to arrange and administer, and valuing goods or services in a barter deal can be difficult compared to monetary exchanges. The document discusses several online sources that outline pros and cons of counter-trade, and how countertrade can be an innovative approach for marketing goods.
Counter Trade
Counter trade refers to exchanging goods or services for other goods or services instead of money. Common types of counter trade include barter, counter-purchase, buyback, offset, tolling, and clearing arrangements. Counter trade can help countries with foreign exchange shortages import needed goods and services. However, it also presents challenges in finding appropriate goods to exchange and managing long term agreements. Government organizations like India's STC help facilitate large counter trade agreements between domestic firms and international partners.
Countertrading
This document provides an overview of countertrading, which involves exchanging goods or services for other goods and services rather than money. It discusses the history of countertrading from pre-World War II to the post-Cold War era. It also defines different types of countertrading such as commercial countertrade including barter and counterpurchase, and industrial countertrade including buybacks and offsets. The document concludes by mentioning examples of countertrading deals and predicting future growth in countertrading through online platforms and proactive corporate strategies.
Counter trade
This document discusses various counter trade practices such as barter, switch trading, counter purchase, buyback, compensation trade, and offset. It defines each practice and provides examples. Counter trade refers to exchanging goods or services for other goods and services rather than money. Companies often engage in counter trade due to foreign government requirements or to expand sales and improve efficiency. The document outlines reasons for counter trade such as shortage of convertible currency and developing new markets. It also discusses advantages of counter trade like accessing otherwise closed markets and conserving foreign currency reserves.
absolute advantage vs comparative advantage
This document discusses absolute advantage and comparative advantage as they relate to international trade. Absolute advantage refers to when one country can produce goods more cheaply than another. Comparative advantage refers to a country specializing in producing goods where its opportunity costs are lowest. The key points are: (1) comparative advantage means that even if one country is less efficient, there are still gains from trade if opportunity costs differ; (2) countries should export goods where their comparative advantage is greatest and import goods where it is least; (3) factors like resource availability and combinations impact comparative advantage.
Pros and Cons of Trade Restrictions
"Restrictions On International Trade Are Counterproductive”. To What Degree Do You Agree/Disagree With This Statement. A Presentation for my class "Intro 2 Contemporary Business"
Recommended
Countertrade
This document defines and describes countertrade, which refers to international trade where payment is made in goods or services rather than money. It is used when countries lack hard currency or when traditional market trade is impossible. Countertrade involves two countries or companies that trade goods and services they each want. Types include barter, switch trading, counterpurchase, and buyback. Advantages are additional hard currency, technology gains, and conserving currency reserves, while disadvantages include handling unfamiliar goods. Various firms use countertrade and references are provided.
Negocios countertrade
Countertrade is a form of international trade where goods are exchanged for other goods rather than currency. For example, Colombia may need rice from the US, the US needs electronics from Japan, and Japan needs coffee from Colombia. Countertrade can benefit countries by providing an option for trade when currency is unavailable, increasing competition, and creating non-trade relationships. However, it also risks difficulty disposing of goods received, lacking internal expertise, uncertainty in results, and lengthy time periods. Common types of countertrade include barter, switch trading, counter-purchase, buyback, offset, and compensation trade.
Counter trade
Counter-trade involves the exchange of goods, services, or technologies between two trading partners, often used when one party lacks cash or other currency to pay for imports. Some pros of counter-trade include allowing international trade when hard currency is scarce and building long-term partnerships between companies. However, counter-trade can be complex to arrange and administer, and valuing goods or services in a barter deal can be difficult compared to monetary exchanges. The document discusses several online sources that outline pros and cons of counter-trade, and how countertrade can be an innovative approach for marketing goods.
Counter Trade
Counter trade refers to exchanging goods or services for other goods or services instead of money. Common types of counter trade include barter, counter-purchase, buyback, offset, tolling, and clearing arrangements. Counter trade can help countries with foreign exchange shortages import needed goods and services. However, it also presents challenges in finding appropriate goods to exchange and managing long term agreements. Government organizations like India's STC help facilitate large counter trade agreements between domestic firms and international partners.
Countertrading
This document provides an overview of countertrading, which involves exchanging goods or services for other goods and services rather than money. It discusses the history of countertrading from pre-World War II to the post-Cold War era. It also defines different types of countertrading such as commercial countertrade including barter and counterpurchase, and industrial countertrade including buybacks and offsets. The document concludes by mentioning examples of countertrading deals and predicting future growth in countertrading through online platforms and proactive corporate strategies.
Counter trade
This document discusses various counter trade practices such as barter, switch trading, counter purchase, buyback, compensation trade, and offset. It defines each practice and provides examples. Counter trade refers to exchanging goods or services for other goods and services rather than money. Companies often engage in counter trade due to foreign government requirements or to expand sales and improve efficiency. The document outlines reasons for counter trade such as shortage of convertible currency and developing new markets. It also discusses advantages of counter trade like accessing otherwise closed markets and conserving foreign currency reserves.
absolute advantage vs comparative advantage
This document discusses absolute advantage and comparative advantage as they relate to international trade. Absolute advantage refers to when one country can produce goods more cheaply than another. Comparative advantage refers to a country specializing in producing goods where its opportunity costs are lowest. The key points are: (1) comparative advantage means that even if one country is less efficient, there are still gains from trade if opportunity costs differ; (2) countries should export goods where their comparative advantage is greatest and import goods where it is least; (3) factors like resource availability and combinations impact comparative advantage.
Pros and Cons of Trade Restrictions
"Restrictions On International Trade Are Counterproductive”. To What Degree Do You Agree/Disagree With This Statement. A Presentation for my class "Intro 2 Contemporary Business"
Counter trade
Counter trade refers to exchanging goods or services for other goods or services instead of money. There are several variants of counter trade including barter, switch trading, counter-purchase, buybacks, and offsets. Offsets involve one company agreeing to purchase a certain amount of products from another country in the future in exchange for a major contract. Counter trade is commonly used to expand into foreign markets, increase sales, access blocked funds, build relationships, and gain future contracts. However, it also presents financial, industrial, and commercial challenges that require careful planning. Trends suggest counter trade is growing in emerging markets and military deals and that obligations are becoming more difficult and costly for companies to fulfill.
Counter trade
Countertrade involves exchanging goods or services for other goods or services instead of money, and can take several forms. It is used to address shortage of convertible currencies, liquidity problems, stimulate jobs and industry, and ensure future contracts. The main types of countertrade include barter (direct exchange), switch trading (involving three parties), counterpurchase (reciprocal buying agreements), buyback (partial payment through future plant output), compensation trade (part goods and part currency), and offset (future unspecified product purchase). An example is India's 2000 barter deal with Iraq to exchange wheat and rice for oil.
PRESENTATION countertrade business1
This document defines and discusses countertrade, which is an exchange of goods or services for other goods or services instead of money, used in international trade when cash payments are difficult. It outlines the history and basic objectives of countertrade, describes common forms like barter, clearinghouse arrangements, switch trade, buyback, counter purchase, and offset agreements. The document also discusses advantages like relieving debt payments and disadvantages like inefficiency. It provides examples of when countertrade can benefit participants and concludes that countertrade will likely continue increasing with global trade.
Countertrade slideshare
Countertrade is the exchange of goods or services for other goods or services, rather than money. It occurs when countries lack hard currency or when traditional trade is impossible. There are six main types of countertrade: barter, switch trading, offset, counterpurchase, buyback, and compensation trade. Countertrade has benefits like conserving foreign currency and increasing sales, but also risks like uncertain value and higher costs.
Exports, counter trade
Exporting provides opportunities to increase profits by accessing larger markets. However, it also presents challenges such as navigating foreign regulations, financing, and cultural differences. Export management companies can help smaller firms overcome these challenges by providing expertise in market analysis, distribution, and paperwork. Establishing trust is also important in export transactions, which is why letters of credit, drafts, and bills of lading involving reputable banks are commonly used. Countertrade arrangements, such as bartering or offset agreements, provide an alternative means of trade for countries with liquidity constraints.
Countertrade
Countertrade is the exchange of goods or services without using money, where payment is made in whole or in part through other goods or services. It occurs when countries lack hard currency or when traditional market trade is impossible. There are several types of countertrade, including barter, switch trading, offset, counterpurchase, buyback, and compensation trade. While countertrade can help conserve foreign currency and facilitate entry into new markets, it also brings risks like uncertain value, complex negotiations, and higher costs.
Countertrade
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
International Piracy Pan Am Days 2008
The document discusses international piracy, specifically focusing on piracy in Mexico. It notes that Mexico has become a major exporter of pirated movies dubbed in Spanish, causing estimated losses of $483 million to the industry in 2005. Piracy is seen as an informal economy employing 8 million people in Mexico and is difficult to curb due to legal and social challenges. Key industries affected by piracy include movies, music, software, books, and food and beverages.
Week 4 student training reference
This document provides an overview of resources available at the University of New Mexico libraries for students. It summarizes key reference tools like MAGIC, LoboVault, and the Center for Southwest Research. It also outlines the different types of sources, the reference interview process, and making referrals to specialized resources when needed. The goal is to train students on how to effectively help patrons find the information they need.
India's Foreign collaborations & counter trade arrangements
A presentation (Office 13) describing the shift in India's policy towards foreign collaborations since liberalization. Includes illustrations to support the same. Concept of counter trade arrangements are also mentioned.
Chapter 15
The document provides an overview of exporting, importing, and countertrade. It discusses the promise and pitfalls of exporting, improving export performance, export strategy, export and import financing including letters of credit and bills of lading. It also covers export assistance programs, countertrade arrangements including barter, counterpurchase, offset, buyback, and switch trading.
Adverse Balance of Payment
This document discusses the causes of balance of payments deficits and potential remedies. It notes that a country's balance of payments always balances out overall but can show surpluses or deficits in the current, capital, and gold accounts. Development schemes in developing countries can cause deficits due to high imports needed for industrialization while exports may not increase enough. Other causes include price increases, exchange rate changes, international borrowing and lending, and natural disasters. Suggested remedies include import substitution, export promotion, import liberalization, expenditure reduction, and cost reduction policies.
Export Import Countertrade
This document discusses international trade concepts including exporting, importing, countertrade, and related financing instruments. It provides an overview of why companies export to access new markets and lower costs. When exporting, companies must consider financing, insurance, and currency exchange risks. Countertrade involves trading goods for other goods rather than cash. The document also examines letters of credit, bills of exchange, bills of lading, and other common trade financing tools used between importers and exporters.
Power Point Final.pptx
The document discusses theories of international trade and banking practices. It covers the historical development of international trade theories including mercantilism and classical theories. Modern theories like the Heckscher-Ohlin model and factor price equalization are also discussed. The document also examines trade agreements, payment methods, and trade finance methods to support international trade. Key learning objectives include understanding theoretical foundations of trade and relationships between trade and development.
Chapter 1.INB372.pptx
This document provides an overview of globalization and related topics. It defines globalization as the increasing integration and interdependence of national economies through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and capital. It discusses types of globalization including the globalization of markets and production. It also outlines key global institutions like the WTO, IMF and World Bank. Drivers of globalization mentioned include advances in technology, declining trade barriers, growing consumer pressures and increased global competition. Economies of scale and examples of globalized production are also briefly covered.
3-Challenges of Trade.pptx
1. Countertrade involves bartering goods and services instead of cash payments, and takes various forms like barter, counterpurchase, offset, buyback, and switch trading.
2. India has engaged in countertrade deals, such as exchanging wheat and rice for Iraqi oil.
3. While countertrade can enable trade when cash payments are difficult, it also poses drawbacks like acquiring unwanted goods and needing expertise to handle diverse product categories.
Counter trade
Countertrade is the exchange of goods or services between countries without the use of currency, instead using direct bartering or offsets. It provides a mechanism for trade when countries have limited access to hard currencies or other trade is impossible. The main types of countertrade include barter, switch trading, counter-purchase, buyback, and offset agreements. While it enables trade that otherwise may not occur, countertrade also has disadvantages like increased complexity and reduced transparency compared to traditional cash-based trade.
International Business with UGC NET Syllabus
ideal for students preparing for UGC NET Exam, management students and people interested in gaining knowledge about International Business
Ibe
The document discusses various topics related to international business including:
- Definitions of international business, trade, and differences between domestic and international business.
- The importance of international business such as helping expansion, managing product life cycles, and earning foreign exchange.
- Problems in international business like multinationals controlling markets and exhausting natural resources.
- Theories of international trade like mercantilism, absolute cost advantage, and comparative cost advantage.
- Types of international business activities like export-import trade, foreign direct investment, licensing, franchising, and management contracts.
International Business Environment
The document discusses various topics related to international business including:
- The key aspects of international business such as trade across borders and enterprises expanding activities globally.
- The differences between domestic and international business including currencies, geographical conditions, legal systems, and political barriers.
- The importance of international business for expansion, managing product lifecycles, accessing new opportunities and technologies, utilizing resources efficiently, and earning foreign exchange.
- Trends in international business like regional trade agreements, developing country trade, air cargo, global production networks, intra-firm trade, and e-commerce.
- Theories of international trade such as mercantilism, absolute cost advantage, and comparative cost advantage.
Ibe
This document provides an overview of international business and trade. It defines international business as the buying and selling of goods and services across borders. It also defines trade and distinguishes between domestic and international trade. Some key differences between domestic and international business are differences in currencies, geographical conditions, legal systems, and political barriers imposed by sovereign states. The document then discusses several theories of international trade such as mercantilism, absolute cost advantage, and comparative cost advantage. It also outlines some common types of international business arrangements.
International business environment
The document discusses key concepts in international business including definitions of international business and trade. It outlines differences between domestic and international business such as differences in currencies, natural conditions, and legal systems. The importance of international business is explained as helping with expansion, managing product life cycles, accessing new opportunities and technologies, and earning foreign exchange. International trade theories covered include mercantilism, absolute cost advantage, and comparative cost advantage. Trends in international business like regional trade agreements, developing country trade, and e-commerce are also summarized.
More Related Content
Viewers also liked
Counter trade
Counter trade refers to exchanging goods or services for other goods or services instead of money. There are several variants of counter trade including barter, switch trading, counter-purchase, buybacks, and offsets. Offsets involve one company agreeing to purchase a certain amount of products from another country in the future in exchange for a major contract. Counter trade is commonly used to expand into foreign markets, increase sales, access blocked funds, build relationships, and gain future contracts. However, it also presents financial, industrial, and commercial challenges that require careful planning. Trends suggest counter trade is growing in emerging markets and military deals and that obligations are becoming more difficult and costly for companies to fulfill.
Counter trade
Countertrade involves exchanging goods or services for other goods or services instead of money, and can take several forms. It is used to address shortage of convertible currencies, liquidity problems, stimulate jobs and industry, and ensure future contracts. The main types of countertrade include barter (direct exchange), switch trading (involving three parties), counterpurchase (reciprocal buying agreements), buyback (partial payment through future plant output), compensation trade (part goods and part currency), and offset (future unspecified product purchase). An example is India's 2000 barter deal with Iraq to exchange wheat and rice for oil.
PRESENTATION countertrade business1
This document defines and discusses countertrade, which is an exchange of goods or services for other goods or services instead of money, used in international trade when cash payments are difficult. It outlines the history and basic objectives of countertrade, describes common forms like barter, clearinghouse arrangements, switch trade, buyback, counter purchase, and offset agreements. The document also discusses advantages like relieving debt payments and disadvantages like inefficiency. It provides examples of when countertrade can benefit participants and concludes that countertrade will likely continue increasing with global trade.
Countertrade slideshare
Countertrade is the exchange of goods or services for other goods or services, rather than money. It occurs when countries lack hard currency or when traditional trade is impossible. There are six main types of countertrade: barter, switch trading, offset, counterpurchase, buyback, and compensation trade. Countertrade has benefits like conserving foreign currency and increasing sales, but also risks like uncertain value and higher costs.
Exports, counter trade
Exporting provides opportunities to increase profits by accessing larger markets. However, it also presents challenges such as navigating foreign regulations, financing, and cultural differences. Export management companies can help smaller firms overcome these challenges by providing expertise in market analysis, distribution, and paperwork. Establishing trust is also important in export transactions, which is why letters of credit, drafts, and bills of lading involving reputable banks are commonly used. Countertrade arrangements, such as bartering or offset agreements, provide an alternative means of trade for countries with liquidity constraints.
Countertrade
Countertrade is the exchange of goods or services without using money, where payment is made in whole or in part through other goods or services. It occurs when countries lack hard currency or when traditional market trade is impossible. There are several types of countertrade, including barter, switch trading, offset, counterpurchase, buyback, and compensation trade. While countertrade can help conserve foreign currency and facilitate entry into new markets, it also brings risks like uncertain value, complex negotiations, and higher costs.
Countertrade
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help protect against mental illness and improve symptoms.
International Piracy Pan Am Days 2008
The document discusses international piracy, specifically focusing on piracy in Mexico. It notes that Mexico has become a major exporter of pirated movies dubbed in Spanish, causing estimated losses of $483 million to the industry in 2005. Piracy is seen as an informal economy employing 8 million people in Mexico and is difficult to curb due to legal and social challenges. Key industries affected by piracy include movies, music, software, books, and food and beverages.
Week 4 student training reference
This document provides an overview of resources available at the University of New Mexico libraries for students. It summarizes key reference tools like MAGIC, LoboVault, and the Center for Southwest Research. It also outlines the different types of sources, the reference interview process, and making referrals to specialized resources when needed. The goal is to train students on how to effectively help patrons find the information they need.
India's Foreign collaborations & counter trade arrangements
A presentation (Office 13) describing the shift in India's policy towards foreign collaborations since liberalization. Includes illustrations to support the same. Concept of counter trade arrangements are also mentioned.
Chapter 15
The document provides an overview of exporting, importing, and countertrade. It discusses the promise and pitfalls of exporting, improving export performance, export strategy, export and import financing including letters of credit and bills of lading. It also covers export assistance programs, countertrade arrangements including barter, counterpurchase, offset, buyback, and switch trading.
Adverse Balance of Payment
This document discusses the causes of balance of payments deficits and potential remedies. It notes that a country's balance of payments always balances out overall but can show surpluses or deficits in the current, capital, and gold accounts. Development schemes in developing countries can cause deficits due to high imports needed for industrialization while exports may not increase enough. Other causes include price increases, exchange rate changes, international borrowing and lending, and natural disasters. Suggested remedies include import substitution, export promotion, import liberalization, expenditure reduction, and cost reduction policies.
Export Import Countertrade
This document discusses international trade concepts including exporting, importing, countertrade, and related financing instruments. It provides an overview of why companies export to access new markets and lower costs. When exporting, companies must consider financing, insurance, and currency exchange risks. Countertrade involves trading goods for other goods rather than cash. The document also examines letters of credit, bills of exchange, bills of lading, and other common trade financing tools used between importers and exporters.
Viewers also liked (13)
India's Foreign collaborations & counter trade arrangements
India's Foreign collaborations & counter trade arrangements
Similar to C.slideshare
Power Point Final.pptx
The document discusses theories of international trade and banking practices. It covers the historical development of international trade theories including mercantilism and classical theories. Modern theories like the Heckscher-Ohlin model and factor price equalization are also discussed. The document also examines trade agreements, payment methods, and trade finance methods to support international trade. Key learning objectives include understanding theoretical foundations of trade and relationships between trade and development.
Chapter 1.INB372.pptx
This document provides an overview of globalization and related topics. It defines globalization as the increasing integration and interdependence of national economies through cross-border movement of goods, services, technology and capital. It discusses types of globalization including the globalization of markets and production. It also outlines key global institutions like the WTO, IMF and World Bank. Drivers of globalization mentioned include advances in technology, declining trade barriers, growing consumer pressures and increased global competition. Economies of scale and examples of globalized production are also briefly covered.
3-Challenges of Trade.pptx
1. Countertrade involves bartering goods and services instead of cash payments, and takes various forms like barter, counterpurchase, offset, buyback, and switch trading.
2. India has engaged in countertrade deals, such as exchanging wheat and rice for Iraqi oil.
3. While countertrade can enable trade when cash payments are difficult, it also poses drawbacks like acquiring unwanted goods and needing expertise to handle diverse product categories.
Counter trade
Countertrade is the exchange of goods or services between countries without the use of currency, instead using direct bartering or offsets. It provides a mechanism for trade when countries have limited access to hard currencies or other trade is impossible. The main types of countertrade include barter, switch trading, counter-purchase, buyback, and offset agreements. While it enables trade that otherwise may not occur, countertrade also has disadvantages like increased complexity and reduced transparency compared to traditional cash-based trade.
International Business with UGC NET Syllabus
ideal for students preparing for UGC NET Exam, management students and people interested in gaining knowledge about International Business
Ibe
The document discusses various topics related to international business including:
- Definitions of international business, trade, and differences between domestic and international business.
- The importance of international business such as helping expansion, managing product life cycles, and earning foreign exchange.
- Problems in international business like multinationals controlling markets and exhausting natural resources.
- Theories of international trade like mercantilism, absolute cost advantage, and comparative cost advantage.
- Types of international business activities like export-import trade, foreign direct investment, licensing, franchising, and management contracts.
International Business Environment
The document discusses various topics related to international business including:
- The key aspects of international business such as trade across borders and enterprises expanding activities globally.
- The differences between domestic and international business including currencies, geographical conditions, legal systems, and political barriers.
- The importance of international business for expansion, managing product lifecycles, accessing new opportunities and technologies, utilizing resources efficiently, and earning foreign exchange.
- Trends in international business like regional trade agreements, developing country trade, air cargo, global production networks, intra-firm trade, and e-commerce.
- Theories of international trade such as mercantilism, absolute cost advantage, and comparative cost advantage.
Ibe
This document provides an overview of international business and trade. It defines international business as the buying and selling of goods and services across borders. It also defines trade and distinguishes between domestic and international trade. Some key differences between domestic and international business are differences in currencies, geographical conditions, legal systems, and political barriers imposed by sovereign states. The document then discusses several theories of international trade such as mercantilism, absolute cost advantage, and comparative cost advantage. It also outlines some common types of international business arrangements.
International business environment
The document discusses key concepts in international business including definitions of international business and trade. It outlines differences between domestic and international business such as differences in currencies, natural conditions, and legal systems. The importance of international business is explained as helping with expansion, managing product life cycles, accessing new opportunities and technologies, and earning foreign exchange. International trade theories covered include mercantilism, absolute cost advantage, and comparative cost advantage. Trends in international business like regional trade agreements, developing country trade, and e-commerce are also summarized.
About the Ormita Commerce Network Barter Exchange Platform
Ormita is the world's largest multilateral reciprocal barter exchange system, with subsidiaries that conduct business worldwide and offices in 23 countries.
-Allows a business to swap / exchange their own product or service for things they need
-Reduces the cash outlay of the business
-Every purchase is matched with a new sale
-Purchase of international advertising, trade shows, translation, legal and accounting services etc
-More sales result in more customer feedback and less cost for “give-away” samples
Barter Provides a Mechanism to Improve the Balance Sheet
-Goods acquired using barter are still counted as an increase in the assets of the business.
-Bank capital guarantees reduce available lines of credit - barter capital does not.
-Allows the organisation to meet assets and/or equity ratios for other (cash) subsidies and loans.
-Lets a business obtain future international lines of credit guaranteed by countertrading operations.
The use of networks such as Ormita can help countries to build solid industrial bases, by balancing purchases of foreign goods and services against domestic exports in a simple, but creative manner; while addressing World Bank and IMF concerns of “bilateralism” and anti-competitive behaviour. This form of trade finance has a multiplier effect as it increases overall purchasing power which helps to reduce unemployment, recover potentially depreciating (or lost) value and helps a country’s development.
"International Trade Flows Facing The Global Credit Crunch: The Multilateral Barter Trade System". University of Turin, Italy. Faculty of Economics. March 2012
“Businesses often have excess capacity in their own goods, services or infrastructure, even more so when the financial cycle slows and credit tightens. Business people find that using capacity to source needed goods and services is an attractive alternative proposition to conventional sales and credit if it can increase sales, ease cash flow or reduce reliance on conventional credit.”
"Capacity Trade and Credit: Emerging Architectures for Commerce and Money". City of London Corporation, ESRC, UKTI, BIS joint Report. City of London Corporation. Dec 2011.
http://www.barterforadvertising.com
http://www.barterforprinting.com
http://www.agriculturalbarter.com
http://www.governmentbarter.com
http://www.ormitacorporate.com
http://www.ormita.com
http://www.barterforequity.com
Theories of International Trade
This document discusses various theories of international trade and investment. It covers theories such as mercantilism, absolute advantage, comparative advantage, factor endowments, and newer theories like product life cycles and clusters. It also discusses arguments for and types of trade restrictions, including tariffs and nontariff barriers. Finally, it outlines several theories of foreign direct investment, such as monopolistic advantages and internalization to explain why firms invest overseas.
Lecture 5 bma2 b01 2017
This document provides an overview of key concepts related to globalization and international trade. It discusses:
1) How the world of business is undergoing changes due to increased competition, disruptive technologies, and knowledge sharing as a result of globalization.
2) Several theories of international trade, including mercantilism, absolute advantage, comparative advantage, and factor proportions theory.
3) Concepts like internationalization, globalization, deterritorialization, and how businesses can expand globally through methods like sourcing, importing/exporting, licensing, and direct investment.
4) The impact of factors like endowments, demand conditions, and independence/interdependence between countries.
introduction.pptx
The document discusses international trade, providing 5 reasons why trade occurs between countries: differences in technology, resource endowments, demand, economies of scale in production, and government policies. It also discusses Tunisia's balance of trade, exports/imports by category and country, terms of trade, and the relationship between foreign trade and national income. Several trade models are outlined, including absolute advantage, Ricardian, Heckscher-Ohlin, new trade theory, and the gravity model.
Episode III: Investing in Precious Metals of Physical Market
This document provides an overview of Four Metals Market and investing in precious metals. It discusses:
- Four Metals Market facilitates online commerce of precious metals in Lebanon and acts as an agent for a Dubai trading firm.
- Precious metals like gold and silver are believed to maintain value better than currencies, which can be debased through inflation.
- When investing in precious metals, it is important to understand one's goals, risk tolerance, and have a clear plan regarding what and when to purchase. Holding physical bullion provides more control than derivatives.
- Geopolitical and economic instability in nations and currencies increases motivations for individuals to invest in tangible assets like precious metals as a store
International trade ppt on international and regional
This document discusses international trade. It defines international trade as the exchange of goods and services between citizens of different countries. The goals of international trade are to increase production and raise living standards. There are three types of international trade: import, export, and entrepot trade. The document also discusses the types of international trade transactions, objectives, benefits, barriers, problems, advantages, disadvantages, and theories of international trade such as absolute advantage.
Power Point Final 1111.pptx
The document discusses theories of international trade and banking practices. It covers the following key topics:
- The history and theoretical development of international trade, including mercantilism, absolute advantage, comparative advantage, and modern theories.
- The static and dynamic gains from international trade such as increased production, welfare, and efficient use of resources.
- An overview of different types of trade agreements from multilateral WTO agreements to preferential regional agreements.
- How regional integration and trade agreements have impacted development in developing countries.
- Different payment methods and trade financing available to support international transactions.
international-trade-lecture-notes ADVANTAGES.pdf
International trade involves the exchange of goods and services between countries. It has increased substantially over time to include trade in services like transportation, banking, and tourism in addition to physical goods. Countries engage in international trade because natural resources are unevenly distributed globally and different countries have comparative advantages in producing certain goods, leading them to specialize in those products and trade for other goods.
TRADE IMBALANCES.pptx
A trade deficit occurs when a country imports more goods than it exports. This can happen when a country lacks domestic production capacity or when companies locate production abroad. While trade deficits initially raise living standards by increasing access to goods, they can lead to outsourcing of jobs over time and make a country reliant on other nations. Managing trade balances requires considering impacts on production, employment, and national security.
Hard ball strategies
This document discusses "hardball strategies" that companies can use to gain competitive advantage over rivals. It argues that hardball players relentlessly pursue advantage by devastating rivals' most profitable business areas, plagiarizing but improving competitors' ideas, deceiving rivals, using overwhelming force, and raising rivals' costs without their knowledge. Examples are given of companies like Toyota, Walmart, and Southwest Airlines that have used these types of aggressive strategies to outcompete their industry peers. The document advocates developing a "hardball state of mind" of relentless pursuit of advantage through both strategic moves and a tough-minded attitude.
Chapter-1.ppt
The document discusses the dynamic environment of international trade. It notes that globalization has increased economic interdependence between countries and opportunities for international trade. However, as competition intensifies, countries also increase protectionist policies like tariffs to benefit domestic industries. After World War 2, countries established organizations like GATT and the WTO to reduce trade barriers and promote free trade, realizing the economic benefits it provides. The rapid growth of formerly underdeveloped countries has also created new global marketing opportunities. However, some protests have occurred against globalization due to concerns about issues like environmental impacts and cultural effects.
Similar to C.slideshare (20)
About the Ormita Commerce Network Barter Exchange Platform
About the Ormita Commerce Network Barter Exchange Platform
Episode III: Investing in Precious Metals of Physical Market
Episode III: Investing in Precious Metals of Physical Market
International trade ppt on international and regional
International trade ppt on international and regional
Recently uploaded
Collective Mining | Corporate Presentation - June 2024
Collective Mining | Corporate Presentation - June 2024
Osisko Gold Royalties Ltd - Corporate Presentation, June 12, 2024
Osisko Gold Royalties Ltd - Corporate Presentation, June 12, 2024
UnityNet World Environment Day Abraham Project 2024 Press Release
June 12, 2024 UnityNet International (#UNI) World Environment Day Abraham Project 2024 Press Release from Markham / Mississauga, Ontario in the, Greater Tkaronto Bioregion, Canada in the North American Great Lakes Watersheds of North America (Turtle Island).
Methanex Investor Presentation - April 2024
Methanex is the world's largest producer and supplier of methanol. We create value through our leadership in the global production, marketing and delivery of methanol to customers. View our latest Investor Presentation for more details.
Cleades robinson:The Diplomat is Blue
Cleades Robinson, a respected leader in Philadelphia's police force, is known for his diplomatic and tactful approach, fostering a strong community rapport.
ZKsync airdrop of 3.6 billion ZK tokens is scheduled by ZKsync for next week.pdf
The world of blockchain and decentralized technologies is about to witness a groundbreaking event. ZKsync, the pioneering Ethereum Layer 2 network, has announced the highly anticipated airdrop of its native token, ZK. This move marks a significant milestone in the protocol's journey, empowering the community to take the reins and shape the future of this revolutionary ecosystem.
ppt-namibia-worldeconomy-standardbank.ppt
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4
World economy charts case
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4
World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4World economy charts case study presented by a Big 4study presented by a Big 4
Collective Mining | Corporate Presentation - June 2024
Collective Mining | Corporate Presentation - June 2024
快速办理(CUBoulder毕业证书)科罗拉多大学博尔德分校毕业证录取通知书一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(CUBoulder毕业证书)科罗拉多大学博尔德分校毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Understanding-the-E-Way-Bill-A-Digital-Transformation-in-Logistics.pptx
The E-Way Bill revolutionizes logistics by digitizing the documentation of goods transport, ensuring transparency, tax compliance, and streamlined processes. This mandatory, electronic system reduces delays, enhances accountability, and combats tax evasion, benefiting businesses and authorities alike. Embrace the E-Way Bill for efficient, reliable transportation operations.
Recently uploaded (14)
Collective Mining | Corporate Presentation - June 2024
Collective Mining | Corporate Presentation - June 2024
Osisko Gold Royalties Ltd - Corporate Presentation, June 12, 2024
Osisko Gold Royalties Ltd - Corporate Presentation, June 12, 2024
UnityNet World Environment Day Abraham Project 2024 Press Release
UnityNet World Environment Day Abraham Project 2024 Press Release
Mandalay Resouces June 2024 Investor Relations PPT
Mandalay Resouces June 2024 Investor Relations PPT
ZKsync airdrop of 3.6 billion ZK tokens is scheduled by ZKsync for next week.pdf
ZKsync airdrop of 3.6 billion ZK tokens is scheduled by ZKsync for next week.pdf
Collective Mining | Corporate Presentation - June 2024
Collective Mining | Corporate Presentation - June 2024
Understanding-the-E-Way-Bill-A-Digital-Transformation-in-Logistics.pptx
Understanding-the-E-Way-Bill-A-Digital-Transformation-in-Logistics.pptx
C.slideshare
- 1. COUNTERTRADE Jordy Steve Mancilla Castillo Juan David Ocaña Oviedo Course: International Business I Head of the Course: Luis Gerardo Pachon Project Due: 17th/09/2012
- 2. ¿COUNTERTRADE? • Means exchanging goods or services which are paid for, in whole or part, with other goods or services, rather than with money.
- 3. HISTORY OF MODERN COUNTERTRADING • Throughout history countertrading occurred whenever there was a shortage of money, or before money even existed. PRE THE WORLD COLD WAR II WAR POST COLD WAR
- 4. NECESSITY • Countertrade also occurs when countries lack sufficient hard currency, or when other types of market trade are impossible. • ¿WHY COUNTERTRADE? Elderkin & Norquist, in their book "Creative Countertrade," say that companies countertrade in order to:
- 6. REPATRIATE CLEAN UP BAD DEBT BLOCKED FUNDS SITUATIONS KEEP FROM LOSING GAIN FOREIGN MARKETS TO CONTRACTS FOR COMPETITORS FUTURE SALES FIND LOWER-COST PURCHASING SOURCES
- 7. USES • Main reasons why countertrade is used: • MONEY: • SOME PEOPLE CANNOT PAY IN THE CURRENCY YOU WANT. 1. • "TO GAIN A COMPETITIVE ADVANTAGE OVER COMPETING SUPPLIERS." 2. • THE POLITICAL ENVIRONMENT : • LOCAL JOBS AND INDUSTRY. 3. • RULES AND REGULATIONS TO PROTECT THE HOST COUNTRY.
- 8. TYPES OF COUNTERTRADE • countertrade can be a lot of things depending on who is involved . • There are six main variants of countertrade:
- 9. BARTER • Exchange of goods or services directly for other goods or services without the use of money as means of purchase or payment.
- 10. SWITCH TRADING • Practice in which one company sells to another its obligation to make a purchase in a given country.
- 11. OFFSET • Agreement that a company will offset a hard - currency purchase of an unspecified product from that nation in the future. • There are two distinct types: Direct Indirect
- 12. COUNTER PURCHASE • Sale of goods and services to one company in other country by a company that promises to make a future purchase of a specific product from the same company in that country.
- 13. BUYBACK • occurs when a firm builds a plant in a country - or supplies technology, equipment, traini ng, or other services to the country and agrees to take a certain percentage of the plant's output as partial payment for the contract.
- 14. COMPENSATION TRADE • is a form of barter in which one of the flows is partly in goods and partly in hard currency.
- 15. PROS AND CONS • Counter-trade offers three major benefits: • Countertrade has its pros and cons. A major benefit of countertrade is that it facilitates conservation of foreign currency. Other benefits include increased employment, higher sales, better capacity utilization and ease of entry into challenging markets.
- 17. • Counter-trade also involves significant risks: • A major drawback of countertrade is that the value proposition may be uncertain, especially in cases where the goods being exchanged have significant price volatility. Other disadvantages of countertrade include complex negotiations, potentially higher costs and logistical issues.
- 19. COUNTERTRADE STRATEGIES DEFENSIVE. PASSIVE. REACTIVE. PROACTIVE.
- 20. REFERENCES • Countertrade. (2005) London countertrade round table, Available: http://www.witiger.com/internationalbusiness/countertrade.htm Last accessed 9th September 2012. • Definition of countertrade. (2012) (I) Investopedia, Available: http://www.investopedia.com/terms/c/countertrade.asp#axzz260E nBRns Last accessed 9th September 2012. • Pros and cons of countertrade. (2011) Impexpedia blog, Available: http://impexpedia.com/blog/2011/09/09/pros-cons-counter- trade/. Last accessed 9th September 2012. • The History of Countertrading (2012) eHow.com, Available: http://www.ehow.com/facts_7151203_history- countertrading.html#ixzz260LkXGsE. Last accessed 9th September 2012.