CS4344 Lecture 2: Consistency and Synchronization Protocols in Client/Server Architecture
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This document discusses key aspects of centralized server game architectures, including collecting game events from clients, maintaining consistent game states across all clients, using synchronization protocols to ensure causal ordering of events despite variable network delays, and challenges in determining a consistent order of events when delays vary.
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CS4344 Lecture 1: Introduction
This document outlines the course details for CS4344 Networked and Mobile Games. The course aims to teach technical issues and solutions for networked and mobile game development, complementing the Game Development course. As the topic is at the frontier, there is no perfect textbook, but additional materials will come from online resources and research papers. The instructor notes they are also learning about this area and encourages students to think critically about all materials presented in the course. Assessment will include a final exam, assignments, and quizzes/mini-projects.
CS4344 Lecture 3: Dead Reckoning and Local Perception Filter
The document describes a centralized server architecture for multiplayer online games. The server collects events and game states from players, simulates the game, and renders and distributes updated game states. It notes that player positions need to be updated continuously as a function of time. The server periodically replies with updated positions in response to player move commands to address overhead and delay jitter issues, but delay jitter can still cause erratic player movement.
CS2106 Tutorial 2
1) 7 processes will be created as each fork() call duplicates the current process. With 3 iterations of fork(), 2^3 = 8 processes are created.
2) The output of Line A will be "PARENT: value = 5" as the child process increments its copy of value to 20 but the parent's value is unchanged.
3) Two ways to avoid duplicating the core image during fork() only to overwrite it during execve() are: 1) Call execve() directly in the parent without forking. 2) Use vfork() instead of fork() which does not duplicate the memory space until execve() is called.
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CS4344 09/10 Lecture 10: Transport Protocol for Networked Games
The document discusses transport protocols for networked games and compares TCP and UDP. While TCP provides reliable delivery, it has higher latency than UDP. UDP has lower overhead but is unreliable. The document examines why certain popular games use TCP or UDP and outlines strategies to make TCP perform better for games, such as reducing delays, retransmitting bundles of data, and combining thin streams. It suggests the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) as a potentially ideal transport for games since it allows flexibility in reliability and ordering of messages.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 9: Characteristics of Networked Game Traffic
The document discusses the characteristics of network traffic generated by online games. Some key points are:
1) Counter-Strike was found to be the 3rd largest source of UDP packets in 2002, generating small, periodic packets between clients and servers.
2) Analysis of packet traces from a Counter-Strike server showed an average bandwidth of 542kbps outgoing and 341kbps incoming, with most packets around 23-27 bytes.
3) Online games typically generate small, periodic packets between clients and servers that exhibit predictable communication patterns and temporal and spatial locality.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 8: Hybrid Architecture
The document discusses different architectures for multiplayer online games, including fully centralized, fully decentralized, and hybrid architectures. It describes several hybrid architectures such as peer-to-peer with a central arbiter, mirrored servers, zoned servers, and supporting seamless game worlds. Generic gaming proxies are also introduced that can provide specialized services like timestamping and message ordering to prevent cheating.
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CS4344 Lecture 1: Introduction
This document outlines the course details for CS4344 Networked and Mobile Games. The course aims to teach technical issues and solutions for networked and mobile game development, complementing the Game Development course. As the topic is at the frontier, there is no perfect textbook, but additional materials will come from online resources and research papers. The instructor notes they are also learning about this area and encourages students to think critically about all materials presented in the course. Assessment will include a final exam, assignments, and quizzes/mini-projects.
CS4344 Lecture 3: Dead Reckoning and Local Perception Filter
The document describes a centralized server architecture for multiplayer online games. The server collects events and game states from players, simulates the game, and renders and distributes updated game states. It notes that player positions need to be updated continuously as a function of time. The server periodically replies with updated positions in response to player move commands to address overhead and delay jitter issues, but delay jitter can still cause erratic player movement.
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1) 7 processes will be created as each fork() call duplicates the current process. With 3 iterations of fork(), 2^3 = 8 processes are created.
2) The output of Line A will be "PARENT: value = 5" as the child process increments its copy of value to 20 but the parent's value is unchanged.
3) Two ways to avoid duplicating the core image during fork() only to overwrite it during execve() are: 1) Call execve() directly in the parent without forking. 2) Use vfork() instead of fork() which does not duplicate the memory space until execve() is called.
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The document discusses the computer science behind video streaming and sharing platforms. It addresses challenges like efficiently uploading, downloading, storing, and serving huge amounts of video content to millions of viewers worldwide. It also covers techniques for video compression, distributed systems, content analysis, recommendations, and database management that are used to optimize these systems.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 10: Transport Protocol for Networked Games
The document discusses transport protocols for networked games and compares TCP and UDP. While TCP provides reliable delivery, it has higher latency than UDP. UDP has lower overhead but is unreliable. The document examines why certain popular games use TCP or UDP and outlines strategies to make TCP perform better for games, such as reducing delays, retransmitting bundles of data, and combining thin streams. It suggests the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) as a potentially ideal transport for games since it allows flexibility in reliability and ordering of messages.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 9: Characteristics of Networked Game Traffic
The document discusses the characteristics of network traffic generated by online games. Some key points are:
1) Counter-Strike was found to be the 3rd largest source of UDP packets in 2002, generating small, periodic packets between clients and servers.
2) Analysis of packet traces from a Counter-Strike server showed an average bandwidth of 542kbps outgoing and 341kbps incoming, with most packets around 23-27 bytes.
3) Online games typically generate small, periodic packets between clients and servers that exhibit predictable communication patterns and temporal and spatial locality.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 8: Hybrid Architecture
The document discusses different architectures for multiplayer online games, including fully centralized, fully decentralized, and hybrid architectures. It describes several hybrid architectures such as peer-to-peer with a central arbiter, mirrored servers, zoned servers, and supporting seamless game worlds. Generic gaming proxies are also introduced that can provide specialized services like timestamping and message ordering to prevent cheating.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 7: P2P Interest Management
The document discusses interest management techniques for peer-to-peer architectures without global information. It introduces frontier sets, which are based on cell-based visibility to reduce unnecessary location updates. Frontier sets for two peers consist of cells visible to one but not the other. The document proves this is a valid approach and evaluates its performance savings compared to naive updating of all peers. It also covers Voronoi overlay networks, which define areas of interest to dynamically determine relevant neighbors to exchange updates with.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 6: P2P Synchronization
The document discusses point-to-point network architectures for multiplayer online games, including using bucket synchronization to order events across clients, detecting various types of cheating behaviors like look-ahead cheating, and lock-step and pipelined lock-step protocols to prevent cheating while maintaining consistency between clients. It analyzes tradeoffs between latency, consistency and scalability in different synchronization approaches.
Cs4344 09/10 Lecture 5: Interest Management
1. The document discusses various techniques for interest management in distributed virtual environments, including relevance filtering, aura/area-of-interest, and distance-based, cell-based, and visibility-based interest management.
2. It describes how to compute cell-to-cell visibility by modeling it as a problem of finding a separating line between linearly separable point sets, and how to break cells into smaller cells if occlusion does not align with cell boundaries.
3. The document presents a generalized interest management approach where subscriptions can be based on any attributes and overlap testing can be done by first sorting attribute values and then scanning to find overlapping regions.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 3: Dead Reckoning and Local Perception Filter
The document discusses techniques for predicting the state of objects in multiplayer online games to reduce network traffic and latency, including dead reckoning using velocity and acceleration to predict positions, and a local perception filter that converges a player's view of an object to the server's actual position when the error exceeds a threshold. It notes challenges involving space and time inconsistencies and setting an appropriate error threshold.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 2: Consistency
1) The document discusses client-server architecture for multiplayer online games and the tradeoffs between consistency and responsiveness when synchronizing game states across clients.
2) User studies with games like Quake III Arena and Unreal Tournament found that latency below 100ms had little effect on gameplay but latency over 200ms started to become annoying to players.
3) Different types of games, like real-time strategy games, can tolerate higher latency than first-person shooter games due to differences in required reaction time. Maintaining consistency is more important than maximizing responsiveness depending on the game.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 1: Introduction
This document provides an introduction to the CS4344 lecture on technical issues and solutions in networked and mobile game development. It outlines the course objectives, assessment breakdown, workload, and additional resources. The lecture then discusses key concepts like networked games, multiplayer game architectures, and the challenges of building consistent, responsive, fair, and scalable networked games over best-effort networks.
CS5229 09/10 Lecture 11: DNS
This document summarizes a study on DNS performance and caching effectiveness. It analyzes DNS query logs from MIT networks over three 1-week periods. The study finds that A lookups have a cache hit rate of 80-87%, but caching is less effective due to browsers also caching. It also finds that unanswered lookups and referral loops generate a significant number of retransmissions, accounting for around 60% of all queries. Popular domains have shorter Time To Live (TTL) values that reduce over time.
CS5229 09/10 Lecture 10: Internet Routing
The document discusses routing in computer networks and the findings of a study on internet routing paths. Some key points:
- Routing can occur both within autonomous systems (intra-domain) and between autonomous systems (inter-domain routing using BGP).
- A 1996 study found that approximately 50% of routes were asymmetric, with different paths for traffic between two points. Route persistence varied significantly between sites but paths often lasted hours or days.
- The study observed routing pathologies like loops and routing errors. Alternative paths sometimes had lower delay, loss rates or higher bandwidth, suggesting routes were not always optimal. Removing certain hosts or autonomous systems impacted the findings.
- In general paths were dominated by a single
CS5229 09/10 Lecture 9: Internet Packet Dynamics
This document summarizes Vern Paxson's 1997/1999 paper "End-to-End Internet Packet Dynamics". The paper studied packet reordering, loss, and bottleneck bandwidth on the Internet through analyzing packet traces collected in 1994 and 1995. It found significant levels of packet reordering due to route changes. Packet loss rates were around 2-5% but most connections experienced no loss. The paper introduced new techniques to measure bottleneck bandwidth and addressed challenges in accurate measurement.
CS5229 09/10 Lecture 6: Simulation
The document discusses the challenges of simulating computer networks like the Internet. It notes that the Internet is heterogeneous with different end devices, links, transport protocols, and applications. It is also huge with hundreds of millions of hosts. Additionally, it is constantly changing. This makes it difficult to determine the appropriate topology, protocols, applications and level of congestion to model in a simulation. The document also discusses approaches for validating simulations, such as looking for invariant properties, exploring a wide range of parameter values, using real traffic traces, and publishing simulation scripts for others to verify.
Lecture 5: RED
The document describes Random Early Detection (RED), a queue management algorithm used in routers. RED aims to avoid network congestion by randomly dropping some packets before the queue is full. This prevents synchronization between connections and biases less against bursty traffic. The key aspects of RED are calculating an exponentially weighted average queue size, determining a dropping probability based on the average, and dropping packets probabilistically when the average exceeds thresholds. Variations include Weighted RED which accounts for packet size. RED improves over Drop Tail by increasing throughput and controlling delays.
Lecture 4: TCP and TFRC
The document discusses various TCP congestion control algorithms including TCP Reno, NewReno, and SACK. It provides details on how each algorithm performs congestion control including congestion window adjustments and fast retransmit/recovery. It also discusses the deployment of these algorithms and introduces TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC) as an equation-based congestion control for unreliable transports like UDP.
Lecture 2: Congestion Control and Avoidance
The document summarizes Van Jacobson's 1988 paper on congestion avoidance and control in TCP. It describes how the original TCP specification led to congestion collapse in 1986 when network loads increased. Jacobson proposed modifications to TCP including slow start, congestion avoidance, and estimating retransmission timeouts (RTOs) based on measured variance in round-trip times. This introduced the concepts of additive increase, multiplicative decrease to gradually probe and respond to available bandwidth without overloading networks. The TCP Tahoe and Reno algorithms incorporated these ideas to provide early congestion control and avoidance in TCP.
Lecture 0: Introduction to CS5229
This document outlines the syllabus for the course CS5229 Advanced Computer Networks at the National University of Singapore. The course covers fundamental principles and techniques in computer networking through reading classic and influential research papers. Students will complete three assignments involving surveying, measuring, and simulating computer networks, as well as midterm and final exams. Background knowledge in undergraduate-level networking concepts is assumed.
Lecture 1: Design Principles of the Internet
The document discusses the design philosophy of the early Internet protocols. It describes how the Internet evolved from several disconnected networks used by researchers, and the challenges faced in connecting these networks. Key decisions included using a best-effort packet switching model instead of circuit switching, and storing connection state information at end systems instead of network nodes to improve reliability and scalability. This led to the development of foundational protocols like IP, TCP and UDP that have enabled the Internet to grow in an open and decentralized manner.
CS4344 Lecture 8: Hybrid Architecture
This document discusses different architectures for networked games, including centralized, peer-to-peer with central arbiter, mirrored servers, zoned servers, and supporting seamless game worlds. It proposes algorithms for partitioning a game world grid among servers to balance load and minimize communication costs, such as sorting cells by load and assigning them sequentially, or merging adjacent clusters iteratively. The optimal partitioning problem is NP-complete, so the clustering approach provides a heuristic solution.
CS4344 Lecture 10: Player Dynamics
1) An add-on was used to monitor the locations and session lengths of 1,100 random World of Warcraft players over 71 days.
2) The data collected includes metrics like the number of players in different zones over time, the distribution of session lengths, and availability of players.
3) The goal is to understand avatar mobility patterns in virtual environments to help with systems design issues like region partitioning and load balancing.
CS4344 Lecture 9: Traffic Analysis
This document analyzes the characteristics of network traffic generated by online multiplayer games like Counter-Strike. It finds that game traffic has predictable periodic patterns as servers regularly broadcast updates. Counter-Strike traffic in particular uses UDP, has an average packet size around 80 bytes, and accounted for 3rd largest source of UDP packets behind DNS and RealAudio at the time. The study collected 500 million packets from over 5,000 Counter-Strike clients over one week to analyze bandwidth usage and packet sizes.
CS5229 Lecture 9: Internet Topology
The document discusses models for generating internet topologies and summarizes research on characterizing real internet topologies. It describes modeling the internet as a graph at the router-level and AS-level. Random graph models like Waxman's method are discussed but do not capture the structure of the real internet. The transit-stub model generates hierarchical graphs but may not accurately reflect reality. Research by Faloutsos brothers found power-law relationships in measured internet topologies from 1997-1998, with a heavy-tailed degree distribution and number of node pairs within hops growing logarithmically. Later work found these properties still held. The document questions whether generated topologies exhibit these properties and how to generate topologies that follow power laws.
CS5229 Lecture 9: Simulating the Internet
The document discusses various methodologies for networking research, including measurement, experimentation, analysis, simulation, and their relationships. It notes that while measurement and experimentation deal with the real world, analysis and simulation use abstract models. Simulation is highlighted as particularly challenging for networking research due to the heterogeneous, huge scale, and constantly changing nature of the Internet.
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原版制作(MUN毕业证书)纽芬兰纪念大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
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The document discusses interest management techniques for peer-to-peer architectures without global information. It introduces frontier sets, which are based on cell-based visibility to reduce unnecessary location updates. Frontier sets for two peers consist of cells visible to one but not the other. The document proves this is a valid approach and evaluates its performance savings compared to naive updating of all peers. It also covers Voronoi overlay networks, which define areas of interest to dynamically determine relevant neighbors to exchange updates with.
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The document discusses point-to-point network architectures for multiplayer online games, including using bucket synchronization to order events across clients, detecting various types of cheating behaviors like look-ahead cheating, and lock-step and pipelined lock-step protocols to prevent cheating while maintaining consistency between clients. It analyzes tradeoffs between latency, consistency and scalability in different synchronization approaches.
Cs4344 09/10 Lecture 5: Interest Management
1. The document discusses various techniques for interest management in distributed virtual environments, including relevance filtering, aura/area-of-interest, and distance-based, cell-based, and visibility-based interest management.
2. It describes how to compute cell-to-cell visibility by modeling it as a problem of finding a separating line between linearly separable point sets, and how to break cells into smaller cells if occlusion does not align with cell boundaries.
3. The document presents a generalized interest management approach where subscriptions can be based on any attributes and overlap testing can be done by first sorting attribute values and then scanning to find overlapping regions.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 3: Dead Reckoning and Local Perception Filter
The document discusses techniques for predicting the state of objects in multiplayer online games to reduce network traffic and latency, including dead reckoning using velocity and acceleration to predict positions, and a local perception filter that converges a player's view of an object to the server's actual position when the error exceeds a threshold. It notes challenges involving space and time inconsistencies and setting an appropriate error threshold.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 2: Consistency
1) The document discusses client-server architecture for multiplayer online games and the tradeoffs between consistency and responsiveness when synchronizing game states across clients.
2) User studies with games like Quake III Arena and Unreal Tournament found that latency below 100ms had little effect on gameplay but latency over 200ms started to become annoying to players.
3) Different types of games, like real-time strategy games, can tolerate higher latency than first-person shooter games due to differences in required reaction time. Maintaining consistency is more important than maximizing responsiveness depending on the game.
CS4344 09/10 Lecture 1: Introduction
This document provides an introduction to the CS4344 lecture on technical issues and solutions in networked and mobile game development. It outlines the course objectives, assessment breakdown, workload, and additional resources. The lecture then discusses key concepts like networked games, multiplayer game architectures, and the challenges of building consistent, responsive, fair, and scalable networked games over best-effort networks.
CS5229 09/10 Lecture 11: DNS
This document summarizes a study on DNS performance and caching effectiveness. It analyzes DNS query logs from MIT networks over three 1-week periods. The study finds that A lookups have a cache hit rate of 80-87%, but caching is less effective due to browsers also caching. It also finds that unanswered lookups and referral loops generate a significant number of retransmissions, accounting for around 60% of all queries. Popular domains have shorter Time To Live (TTL) values that reduce over time.
CS5229 09/10 Lecture 10: Internet Routing
The document discusses routing in computer networks and the findings of a study on internet routing paths. Some key points:
- Routing can occur both within autonomous systems (intra-domain) and between autonomous systems (inter-domain routing using BGP).
- A 1996 study found that approximately 50% of routes were asymmetric, with different paths for traffic between two points. Route persistence varied significantly between sites but paths often lasted hours or days.
- The study observed routing pathologies like loops and routing errors. Alternative paths sometimes had lower delay, loss rates or higher bandwidth, suggesting routes were not always optimal. Removing certain hosts or autonomous systems impacted the findings.
- In general paths were dominated by a single
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This document summarizes Vern Paxson's 1997/1999 paper "End-to-End Internet Packet Dynamics". The paper studied packet reordering, loss, and bottleneck bandwidth on the Internet through analyzing packet traces collected in 1994 and 1995. It found significant levels of packet reordering due to route changes. Packet loss rates were around 2-5% but most connections experienced no loss. The paper introduced new techniques to measure bottleneck bandwidth and addressed challenges in accurate measurement.
CS5229 09/10 Lecture 6: Simulation
The document discusses the challenges of simulating computer networks like the Internet. It notes that the Internet is heterogeneous with different end devices, links, transport protocols, and applications. It is also huge with hundreds of millions of hosts. Additionally, it is constantly changing. This makes it difficult to determine the appropriate topology, protocols, applications and level of congestion to model in a simulation. The document also discusses approaches for validating simulations, such as looking for invariant properties, exploring a wide range of parameter values, using real traffic traces, and publishing simulation scripts for others to verify.
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The document describes Random Early Detection (RED), a queue management algorithm used in routers. RED aims to avoid network congestion by randomly dropping some packets before the queue is full. This prevents synchronization between connections and biases less against bursty traffic. The key aspects of RED are calculating an exponentially weighted average queue size, determining a dropping probability based on the average, and dropping packets probabilistically when the average exceeds thresholds. Variations include Weighted RED which accounts for packet size. RED improves over Drop Tail by increasing throughput and controlling delays.
Lecture 4: TCP and TFRC
The document discusses various TCP congestion control algorithms including TCP Reno, NewReno, and SACK. It provides details on how each algorithm performs congestion control including congestion window adjustments and fast retransmit/recovery. It also discusses the deployment of these algorithms and introduces TCP-friendly rate control (TFRC) as an equation-based congestion control for unreliable transports like UDP.
Lecture 2: Congestion Control and Avoidance
The document summarizes Van Jacobson's 1988 paper on congestion avoidance and control in TCP. It describes how the original TCP specification led to congestion collapse in 1986 when network loads increased. Jacobson proposed modifications to TCP including slow start, congestion avoidance, and estimating retransmission timeouts (RTOs) based on measured variance in round-trip times. This introduced the concepts of additive increase, multiplicative decrease to gradually probe and respond to available bandwidth without overloading networks. The TCP Tahoe and Reno algorithms incorporated these ideas to provide early congestion control and avoidance in TCP.
Lecture 0: Introduction to CS5229
This document outlines the syllabus for the course CS5229 Advanced Computer Networks at the National University of Singapore. The course covers fundamental principles and techniques in computer networking through reading classic and influential research papers. Students will complete three assignments involving surveying, measuring, and simulating computer networks, as well as midterm and final exams. Background knowledge in undergraduate-level networking concepts is assumed.
Lecture 1: Design Principles of the Internet
The document discusses the design philosophy of the early Internet protocols. It describes how the Internet evolved from several disconnected networks used by researchers, and the challenges faced in connecting these networks. Key decisions included using a best-effort packet switching model instead of circuit switching, and storing connection state information at end systems instead of network nodes to improve reliability and scalability. This led to the development of foundational protocols like IP, TCP and UDP that have enabled the Internet to grow in an open and decentralized manner.
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This document discusses different architectures for networked games, including centralized, peer-to-peer with central arbiter, mirrored servers, zoned servers, and supporting seamless game worlds. It proposes algorithms for partitioning a game world grid among servers to balance load and minimize communication costs, such as sorting cells by load and assigning them sequentially, or merging adjacent clusters iteratively. The optimal partitioning problem is NP-complete, so the clustering approach provides a heuristic solution.
CS4344 Lecture 10: Player Dynamics
1) An add-on was used to monitor the locations and session lengths of 1,100 random World of Warcraft players over 71 days.
2) The data collected includes metrics like the number of players in different zones over time, the distribution of session lengths, and availability of players.
3) The goal is to understand avatar mobility patterns in virtual environments to help with systems design issues like region partitioning and load balancing.
CS4344 Lecture 9: Traffic Analysis
This document analyzes the characteristics of network traffic generated by online multiplayer games like Counter-Strike. It finds that game traffic has predictable periodic patterns as servers regularly broadcast updates. Counter-Strike traffic in particular uses UDP, has an average packet size around 80 bytes, and accounted for 3rd largest source of UDP packets behind DNS and RealAudio at the time. The study collected 500 million packets from over 5,000 Counter-Strike clients over one week to analyze bandwidth usage and packet sizes.
CS5229 Lecture 9: Internet Topology
The document discusses models for generating internet topologies and summarizes research on characterizing real internet topologies. It describes modeling the internet as a graph at the router-level and AS-level. Random graph models like Waxman's method are discussed but do not capture the structure of the real internet. The transit-stub model generates hierarchical graphs but may not accurately reflect reality. Research by Faloutsos brothers found power-law relationships in measured internet topologies from 1997-1998, with a heavy-tailed degree distribution and number of node pairs within hops growing logarithmically. Later work found these properties still held. The document questions whether generated topologies exhibit these properties and how to generate topologies that follow power laws.
CS5229 Lecture 9: Simulating the Internet
The document discusses various methodologies for networking research, including measurement, experimentation, analysis, simulation, and their relationships. It notes that while measurement and experimentation deal with the real world, analysis and simulation use abstract models. Simulation is highlighted as particularly challenging for networking research due to the heterogeneous, huge scale, and constantly changing nature of the Internet.
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HD Video Player All Format - 4k & live stream
Discover the best video playback experience with HD Video Player. Our powerful, user-friendly app supports all popular video formats and codecs, ensuring seamless playback of your favorite videos in stunning HD and 4K quality. Whether you're watching movies, TV shows, or personal videos, HD Video Player provides the ultimate viewing experience on your device. 🚀
原版制作(MUN毕业证书)纽芬兰纪念大学毕业证PDF成绩单一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(MUN毕业证书)纽芬兰纪念大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
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Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix: Unveiling the Intriguing Hypothesis
In celebrity mysteries and urban legends. Few narratives capture the imagination as the hypothesis that Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix. This fascinating theory posits that the iconic actor and the legendary guitarist are, in fact, the same person. While this might seem like a far-fetched notion at first glance. a deeper exploration reveals a rich tapestry of coincidences, speculative connections. and a surprising alignment of life events fueling this captivating hypothesis.
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Introduction to the Hypothesis: Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix
The idea that Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix stems from a mix of historical anomalies, physical resemblances. and a penchant for myth-making that surrounds celebrities. While Jimi Hendrix's official death in 1970 is well-documented. some theorists suggest that Hendrix did not die but instead reinvented himself as Morgan Freeman. a man who would become one of Hollywood's most revered actors. This article aims to delve into the various aspects of this hypothesis. examining its origins, the supporting arguments. and the cultural impact of such a theory.
The Genesis of the Theory
Early Life Parallels
The hypothesis that Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix begins by comparing their early lives. Jimi Hendrix, born Johnny Allen Hendrix in Seattle, Washington, on November 27, 1942. and Morgan Freeman, born on June 1, 1937, in Memphis, Tennessee, have lived very different lives. But, proponents of the theory suggest that the five-year age difference is negligible and point to Freeman's late start in his acting career as evidence of a life lived before under a different identity.
The Disappearance and Reappearance
Jimi Hendrix's death in 1970 at the age of 27 is a well-documented event. But, theorists argue that Hendrix's death staged. and he reemerged as Morgan Freeman. They highlight Freeman's rise to prominence in the early 1970s. coinciding with Hendrix's supposed death. Freeman's first significant acting role came in 1971 on the children's television show "The Electric Company," a mere year after Hendrix's passing.
Physical Resemblances
Facial Structure and Features
One of the most compelling arguments for the hypothesis that Morgan Freeman is Jimi Hendrix lies in the physical resemblance between the two men. Analyzing photographs, proponents point out similarities in facial structure. particularly the cheekbones and jawline. Both men have a distinctive gap between their front teeth. which is rare and often highlighted as a critical point of similarity.
Voice and Mannerisms
Supporters of the theory also draw attention to the similarities in their voices. Jimi Hendrix known for his smooth, distinctive speaking voice. which, according to some, resembles Morgan Freeman's iconic, deep, and soothing voice. Additionally, both men share certain mannerisms. such as their calm demeanor and eloquent speech patterns.
Artistic Parallels
Musical and Acting Talents
Jimi Hendrix was regarded as one of t
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The Evolution and Impact of Tom Cruise Long Hair
Tom Cruise is one of Hollywood's most iconic figures, known for his versatility, charisma, and dedication to his craft. Over the decades, his appearance has been almost as dynamic as his filmography, with one aspect often drawing significant attention: his hair. In particular, Tom Cruise long hair has become a defining feature in various phases of his career. symbolizing different roles and adding layers to his on-screen characters. This article delves into the evolution of Tom Cruise long hair, its impact on his roles. and its influence on popular culture.
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Introduction
Tom Cruise long hair has often been more than a style choice. it has been a significant element of his persona both on and off the screen. From the tousled locks of the rebellious Maverick in "Top Gun" to the sleek, sophisticated mane in "Mission: Impossible II." Cruise's hair has played a pivotal role in shaping his image and the characters he portrays. This article explores the various stages of Tom Cruise long hair. Examining how this iconic look has evolved and influenced his career and broader fashion trends.
Early Days: The Emergence of a Style Icon
The 1980s: The Birth of a Star
In the early stages of his career during the 1980s, Tom Cruise sported a range of hairstyles. but in "Top Gun" (1986), his hair began to gain significant attention. Though not long by later standards, his hair in this film was longer than the military crew cuts associated with fighter pilots. adding a rebellious edge to his character, Pete "Maverick" Mitchell.
Risky Business: The Transition Begins
In "Risky Business" (1983). Tom Cruise's hair was short but longer than the clean-cut styles dominant at the time. This look complemented his role as a high school student stepping into adulthood. embodying a sense of youthful freedom and experimentation. It was a precursor to the more dramatic hair transformations in his career.
The 1990s: Experimentation and Iconic Roles
Far and Away: Embracing Length
One of the first films in which Tom Cruise embraced long hair was "Far and Away" (1992). Playing the role of Joseph. an Irish immigrant in 1890s America, Cruise's long, hair added authenticity to his character's rugged and determined persona. This look was a stark departure from his earlier. more polished styles and marked the beginning of a more adventurous phase in his hairstyle choices.
Interview with the Vampire: Gothic Elegance
In "Interview with the Vampire" (1994). Tom Cruise long hair reached new lengths of sophistication and elegance. Portraying the vampire Lestat. Cruise's flowing blonde locks were integral to the character's ethereal and timeless allure. This hairstyle not only suited the gothic aesthetic of the film but also showcased Cruise's ability to transform his appearance for a role.
Mission: Impossible II: The Pinnacle of Long Hair
One of the most memorable instances of Tom Cruise long hair came in "Mission: Impossible II" (2000). His character, Ethan
Abraham Laboriel Records ‘The Bass Walk’ at Evergreen Stage
A legendary musician records an intricate song designed to show off his expert bass guitar chops at a historical Los Angeles studio.
Anasuya Sengupta Cannes 2024 Award Winner
Anasuya Sengupta, an Indian actress and designer, won the Best Actress Award at the Cannes Film Festival for the Bulgarian film 'The Shameless'.
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本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
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二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
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◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
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◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
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How OTT Players Are Transforming Our TV Viewing Experience.pdf
The advent of Over-The-Top (OTT) players has brought a seismic shift in the television industry, transforming how we consume media. These digital platforms, which deliver content directly over the internet, have outpaced traditional cable and satellite television, offering unparalleled convenience, variety, and personalization. Here’s an in-depth look at how OTT players are revolutionizing the TV viewing experience.
Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl: Hollywood Meets America’s Favorite Game
Introduction
Leonardo DiCaprio is synonymous with Hollywood stardom and acclaimed performances. has a unique connection with one of America's most beloved sports events—the Super Bowl. The "Leonardo DiCaprio Super Bowl" phenomenon combines the worlds of cinema and sports. drawing attention from fans of both domains. This article delves into the multifaceted relationship between DiCaprio and the Super Bowl. exploring his appearances at the event, His involvement in Super Bowl advertisements. and his cultural impact that bridges the gap between these two massive entertainment industries.
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Leonardo DiCaprio: The Hollywood Icon
Early Life and Career Beginnings
Leonardo Wilhelm DiCaprio was born in Los Angeles, California, on November 11, 1974. His journey to stardom began at a young age with roles in television commercials and educational programs. DiCaprio's breakthrough came with his portrayal of Luke Brower in the sitcom "Growing Pains" and later as Tobias Wolff in "This Boy's Life" (1993). where he starred alongside Robert De Niro.
Rise to Stardom
DiCaprio's career skyrocketed with his performance in "What's Eating Gilbert Grape" (1993). earning him his first Academy Award nomination. He continued to gain acclaim with roles in "Romeo + Juliet" (1996) and "Titanic" (1997). the latter of which cemented his status as a global superstar. Over the years, DiCaprio has showcased his versatility in films like "The Aviator" (2004). "Start" (2010), and "The Revenant" (2015), for which he finally won an Academy Award for Best Actor.
Environmental Activism
Beyond his film career, DiCaprio is also renowned for his environmental activism. He established the Leonardo DiCaprio Foundation in 1998, focusing on global conservation efforts. His commitment to ecological issues often intersects with his public appearances. including those related to the Super Bowl.
The Super Bowl: An American Institution
History and Significance
The Super Bowl is the National Football League (NFL) championship game. is one of the most-watched sporting events in the world. First played in 1967, the Super Bowl has evolved into a cultural phenomenon. featuring high-profile halftime shows, memorable advertisements, and significant media coverage. The event attracts a diverse audience, from avid sports fans to casual viewers. making it a prime platform for celebrities to appear.
Entertainment and Advertisements
The Super Bowl is not only about football but also about entertainment. The halftime show features performances by some of the biggest names in the music industry. while the commercials are often as anticipated as the game itself. Companies invest millions in Super Bowl ads. creating iconic and sometimes controversial commercials that capture public attention.
Leonardo DiCaprio's Super Bowl Appearances
A Celebrity Among the Fans
Leonardo DiCaprio's presence at the Super Bowl has noted several times. As a high-profile celebrity. DiCaprio attracts
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3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
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7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
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Taylor Swift: Conquering Fame, Feuds, and Unmatched Success | CIO Women Magazine
From country star to global phenomenon, delve into Taylor Swift's incredible journey. Explore chart-topping hits, feuds, & her rise to billionaire status!
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CS4344 Lecture 2: Consistency and Synchronization Protocols in Client/Server Architecture
- 1. Centralized Server Architecture 1
- 2. states Simulate Collect Events events Game Game or States Game Render States Wait 2
- 3. Consistency 3
- 4. Synchronization Protocols 4
- 5. Causal Order of Events 5
- 6. Suppose there is no delay. We can take the order of events generated and order of events received as the consistent order. S 6