Computer scientists tend to reach first for usability testing and clinical evaluation when assessing hypertexts and hypertext systems. Other methods and approaches may yield better judgments
This document provides guidance on effective reading strategies and critical reading. It introduces the SQ3R method for efficient reading which involves surveying, questioning, reading, recalling and reviewing the text. It also discusses how to critically read a text by examining the author's arguments, assumptions, and evidence rather than taking the text at face value. Critical reading also involves considering how one's own views and biases may influence the interpretation of a text.
Here are a few reasons why stretchtext did not catch on as a dominant form of hypertext:
1. Habit of navigation. Readers had become accustomed to clicking links to move between nodes, rather than having the text dynamically change around them. Stretchtext required adjusting to a new paradigm.
2. Loss of context. When the text stretches, surrounding context is lost. Readers cannot easily refer back to what came before. Navigation allows random access to any part of the text.
3. Non-linearity. Hypertext thrives on the ability to read in a non-linear fashion, following links in any order. Stretchtext is inherently linear even if the content changes dynamically.
4
The older waiter explains that some customers need the cafe to stay open late because it provides a clean, well-lit space. While other bars stay open all night, the cafe offers a pleasant atmosphere. The short story highlights the value some find in having a welcoming public space.
Growing from the inside out powerpoint-shorter presentationMark Bernstein
This document discusses strategies for growing a congregation in four key areas: growing membership numbers, deepening members' faith, increasing internal stability, and engaging in community action. It emphasizes that faith development, or helping members understand and live out Unitarian Universalist principles and beliefs, is important for growth in all four areas. Specific strategies mentioned include leaders clearly articulating UU identity, workshops exploring UUism, and developing behavioral covenants to guide how members live out their faith both within and outside the congregation.
This document provides guidance on developing critical reading and thinking skills for college-level work. It recommends that readers actively engage with texts by previewing, annotating, highlighting, and reading closely. Critical thinking involves questioning assumptions, analyzing arguments, and forming independent judgments. Specific skills include evaluating claims and evidence, anticipating counterarguments, and avoiding logical fallacies. When writing about what you've read, you should read the text multiple times, take notes, and critically analyze the main and underlying ideas.
This document provides guidelines for revising writing. It begins by stating that revision creates order from chaos and is meant to clarify and improve upon initial writing. The document distinguishes revision from simple editing or proofreading by noting that revision requires rethinking the overall ideas and organization. Specific revision techniques are then outlined, including grabbing the reader with an engaging introduction and conclusion, using vivid sensory details to immerse the reader, developing characters, employing foreshadowing and symbolism, choosing effective word choice and sentence structure, and considering point of view. The goal of revision is to "re-create" written work and see it in a new light.
This presentation was given by Steve Peha at the Missouri Write to Learn conference in February 2017. Designed for K12 teachers, parents and students, the deck explains when and how to revise any kind of writing. It features strategies outlined in Steve Peha's book, Be a Better Writer.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines for academic papers. It covers the basics of MLA formatting such as setting 1 inch margins, double spacing, and adding a header with the author's last name and page number. In-text citations and Works Cited entries are also explained, including formats for citing books, articles, websites and other sources. Specific guidelines are provided for quoting and citing sources in the text as well as formatting the Works Cited page according to MLA style.
This document provides guidance on effective reading strategies and critical reading. It introduces the SQ3R method for efficient reading which involves surveying, questioning, reading, recalling and reviewing the text. It also discusses how to critically read a text by examining the author's arguments, assumptions, and evidence rather than taking the text at face value. Critical reading also involves considering how one's own views and biases may influence the interpretation of a text.
Here are a few reasons why stretchtext did not catch on as a dominant form of hypertext:
1. Habit of navigation. Readers had become accustomed to clicking links to move between nodes, rather than having the text dynamically change around them. Stretchtext required adjusting to a new paradigm.
2. Loss of context. When the text stretches, surrounding context is lost. Readers cannot easily refer back to what came before. Navigation allows random access to any part of the text.
3. Non-linearity. Hypertext thrives on the ability to read in a non-linear fashion, following links in any order. Stretchtext is inherently linear even if the content changes dynamically.
4
The older waiter explains that some customers need the cafe to stay open late because it provides a clean, well-lit space. While other bars stay open all night, the cafe offers a pleasant atmosphere. The short story highlights the value some find in having a welcoming public space.
Growing from the inside out powerpoint-shorter presentationMark Bernstein
This document discusses strategies for growing a congregation in four key areas: growing membership numbers, deepening members' faith, increasing internal stability, and engaging in community action. It emphasizes that faith development, or helping members understand and live out Unitarian Universalist principles and beliefs, is important for growth in all four areas. Specific strategies mentioned include leaders clearly articulating UU identity, workshops exploring UUism, and developing behavioral covenants to guide how members live out their faith both within and outside the congregation.
This document provides guidance on developing critical reading and thinking skills for college-level work. It recommends that readers actively engage with texts by previewing, annotating, highlighting, and reading closely. Critical thinking involves questioning assumptions, analyzing arguments, and forming independent judgments. Specific skills include evaluating claims and evidence, anticipating counterarguments, and avoiding logical fallacies. When writing about what you've read, you should read the text multiple times, take notes, and critically analyze the main and underlying ideas.
This document provides guidelines for revising writing. It begins by stating that revision creates order from chaos and is meant to clarify and improve upon initial writing. The document distinguishes revision from simple editing or proofreading by noting that revision requires rethinking the overall ideas and organization. Specific revision techniques are then outlined, including grabbing the reader with an engaging introduction and conclusion, using vivid sensory details to immerse the reader, developing characters, employing foreshadowing and symbolism, choosing effective word choice and sentence structure, and considering point of view. The goal of revision is to "re-create" written work and see it in a new light.
This presentation was given by Steve Peha at the Missouri Write to Learn conference in February 2017. Designed for K12 teachers, parents and students, the deck explains when and how to revise any kind of writing. It features strategies outlined in Steve Peha's book, Be a Better Writer.
This document provides an overview of MLA formatting and style guidelines for academic papers. It covers the basics of MLA formatting such as setting 1 inch margins, double spacing, and adding a header with the author's last name and page number. In-text citations and Works Cited entries are also explained, including formats for citing books, articles, websites and other sources. Specific guidelines are provided for quoting and citing sources in the text as well as formatting the Works Cited page according to MLA style.
Writing The Science Fiction Film: Where do you get your ideas from?robgrant
The lazy way of coming up with science fiction film ideas is to take any an existing movie title and add ..in space! to it. Like High Noon ..in space! (Outland) or Jaws ..in space! (Alien). It’s become a tried and trusted method, but while it has led to the occasional classic - no-one is going to argue against Alien being a sci-fi classic - there are a lot more films in the mediocre pile.
So where do we find new ideas ripe for science fiction?
Well as you might expect they’re all around you, all you have to do is start looking, but it requires that you leave your SF prejudices at the door and open your eyes to the wider world of sci-fi storytelling.
This workshop looks at sources of new ideas, basic tools to gather and store them, explores exercises for taking an idea and turning it into a story and we’ll actually take an idea and break a story with the audience in the room.
"Poets & Programmers: What to do when you are not a genius"; examines the idea of "genius" in poetry and programming; posits that our ideas of the genius lead to stereotypes about software developers that translate to both gatekeeping and unproductive practices.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting texts for students. It outlines three main factors: potential for engagement, levels of meaning, and features of the text.
For potential engagement, teachers should consider if the text offers opportunities for knowledge building, personal connection, and meaning-making. For levels of meaning, teachers should evaluate if the text presents multiple depths of meaning as readers progress from simple to more complex understanding. For features of the text, the document discusses quantitative measures of complexity from various programs and how certain textual features could help or hinder comprehension. It emphasizes that quantitative measures are useful but imperfect, and all three factors should be weighed when choosing texts.
Martin Luther King Jr Essay Essay on Martin Luther King Jr for .... 004 Martin Luther King Jr Essay Mlk1 Thatsnotus. Martin Luther King Jr. a Realist Leader Free Essay Example. Essay about dr martin luther king jr. Dr. Martin Luther King Essay .... MlK Essay Essay on MLK for Students and Children in English - A Plus .... The Importance Of Martin Luther King, Jr.s I have a dream Speech .... Martin Luther King Jr Essay Examples Sitedoct.org. Dr. Martin Luther King Essay - Painesville City Local Schools. Martin Luther King Jr Essays: Discover the Genius of Equality 300 .... Martin Luther King Jr. ESSAY. Essay on Martin Luther King Jr. 600 Words - PHDessay.com. The Life of Martin Luther King. Jr - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com. Martin Luther King, Jr. Beliefs - PHDessay.com. Martin Luther King Essay Essay on Martin Luther King for Students and .... Martin Luther King Jr. - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com. Analysis of Martin Luther King Speech Essay - Free Essay Example - 1347 .... 2023 MLK Essay Contest. Marvelous King Essay Thatsnotus. MLK Essay. dr martin luther king jr essay. GHS Juniors Winning MLK Essay Challenges Youth to Leave their Comfort .... Martin Luther King Jr. Dr Martin Luther King Jr Essay Telegraph. Martin Luther Kings most famous speech. What a beautiful soul .... Martin Luther King Jr.s biography: Essay Example, 446 words EssayPay. Martin Luther King, Jr.: I Have a Dream Speech 1963 - GradesFixer .... Martin Luther King Essay Modern History - Year 12 QCE Thinkswap. 2016 Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay Contest - Bottineau .... Mlk Essays. America remembers MLK: Live updates. Martin Luther King. - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com Mlk Essays Mlk Essays
This document discusses how stories can be used to enhance usability in system design. It explains that stories can help designers understand customer needs more deeply and communicate requirements and designs more effectively. Stories that portray users as willful protagonists seeking to overcome obstacles can help designers empathize with the user experience. The document also provides tips for crafting good stories, such as including conflict, emotional progression, and specific descriptive language.
This document discusses plagiarism and proper citation of sources in research. It defines plagiarism as stealing another writer's work and notes that it can have legal consequences. The document provides examples of famous authors accused of plagiarism and guidelines for citing sources, including using MLA style. It emphasizes the importance of being honest and giving credit where credit is due to avoid plagiarism.
Red badge of courage critical thinking toolVictory
Victory's critical thinking tool can be used to create interactive scaffolded lessons for ELA, social studies, science , and math. This is an example of an ELA critical thinking lesson.
Creative Writing For Grade English Writingcrvponce
Speaking of Past and Present, here are a couple of competing claims:
Creative Writing (Literature) is the art of language in the present moment. The live, unstable, mysterious evolution that is happening continually and right under our noses. Brand new poetry, fiction, creative non-fiction, script-writing, and genres we don’t yet know how to name.
Creative Writing (Literature) is the art of language as an ancient activity. Something we’ve been doing since we first opened our mouths to speak, write on cave walls, and sing around a fire. Some theorists say that the impulse to create poetry is at the root of the human impulse to communicate, period.
What is “Creative Writing” with a capital C and W?
= the branch of English Studies that involves teaching and learning how to write creatively, right?
Yeah, but…
Did you know…
In some of its earliest appearances in higher ed, Creative Writing was offered to help students understand literature better. I.e., it was in the service of literature studies.
The idea was that by writing some fiction, poetry, or drama themselves, students would better understand the masterpieces of literature.
But also…
a bunch of teachers who were also writers wanted to get together with other writers and blab about their work—
in a college setting. (Couldn’t hang out in the bistros of Paris or Gertrude Stein’s salon anymore, so had to get together somewhere…)
I teach genres. Poetry, fiction. Creative nonfiction. Some script writing.
I encourage wide-open, glorious self-expression. Go for it.
I encourage self-denial and disciplined attention to the needs of audience. Craft.
I encourage demented new ways of thinking about the world.
I encourage thoughtful appreciation of very old traditions.
I try to do everything.
That’s why I’m burning out.
That’s why I’m insane.
Don’t tell my boss.
Poetry
PoetryGoing Back to The Very Beginning
Playing with language: Kenneth Koch, The Luminous Object
Surrealism
Worst High School Metaphors
Harmonious Confusion
Maybe it starts with just loving words.
What’s figurative language?
How do you say that someone is drunk?
How many animal metaphors do we use everyday?
Where did most worn-out metaphors come from, and how do we keep the language alive? Look at Lorrie Moore…
Worst High School Metaphors
1. Her face was a perfect oval, like a circle that had its two sides gently compressed by a Thigh Master.
2. His thoughts tumbled in his head, making and breaking alliances like underpants in a dryer without Cling Free.
3. He spoke with the wisdom that can only come from experience, like a guy who went blind because he looked at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it and now goes around the country speaking at high schools about the dangers of looking at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it.
4. She grew on him like she was a colony of E. Coli, and he was room-temperature Canadian beef.
-Credits to the owner
Financial Markets And Institutions Essay QuestionsCierra Leigh
Gnosticism was viewed as a threat to early Christianity due to its beliefs that matter is evil and emancipation comes through gnosis, rather than faith. It is a complex belief composed of myths defining humans and God. While often labeled an ancient Christian heresy, Gnosticism is actually a broad term used to describe various cults from pre-Christian and early Christian times that distinguished themselves through their dualistic worldview.
College Essay Examples - 9+ in PDF | Examples. Simple tips for writing essays in English: these steps will guide you .... Simple Guide to Help You Write an Essay by BreeAndrea - Issuu. Sample Photo Essay Pdf - Example Argumentative Essay Pdf | Boditewasuch. Analytical Essay: Essay in english literature. 10 Tips to Write an Essay and Actually Enjoy It. Soil erosion threatens modern society as surely as it did with other .... Modes Of Writing Worksheet, Are You Teaching Procedure How To Writing .... Essay sample. College Essay: Essay wrting. Find someone to write your essay: Top 10 Tips for College Essay Writing. Types of Writing Styles - KyleeexTorres. PTE Essay Writing Template1 Steven Fernandes | Essays | Test (Assessment). Definition of essay writing pdf. English Essay Writing Help: free Samples and List of Topics. 50 Best Reflective Essay Examples (+Topic Samples) ᐅ TemplateLab. How to write an admission essay 8 steps. Thesis Statement Position Paper Examples - Writing A Thesis Statement .... #Best Custom Academic Essay Writing Help & Writing Services UK Online .... Essay Writing in English | English Grammar Online Classes | Swiflearn .... How Online Essay Writing services boost your Grades | Write Assignment. How to Write an Essay. College Sample Scholarship Essays | Master of Template Document. 005 Creative Essay Example Narrative Personal Examples Best Ideas .... How to Write a Good Essay | The Ultimate Guide - Student-Tutor .... IELTS Sample Essay Topics 2020 Band 9 | Writing Task 2. Exemplification Essay Sample | Essays | Adolescence. Step-By-Step Guide to Essay Writing - ESL Buzz. Sample College Essay Prompt 5 - Sample Site g. Short Essay Writing Help: Topics Examples and Essay Sample. 32 College Essay Format Templates & Examples - TemplateArchive. 003 Essay Love Sample Descriptive Topics Definition Essays 936x1332 .... 020 Introducing Myself Essay Self Introduction Introduce Personal .... How to Write an Essay ~ Endless Lingbooks Essay Wrting
College Essay Example Telegraph. Online assignment writing service.Bethany Rodriguez
The document provides instructions for requesting and completing an assignment writing request on the HelpWriting.net site. It outlines a 5 step process: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete a request form providing instructions, sources, and deadline, 3) Review bids from writers and select one, 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction and receive a refund for plagiarized work.
Writing is not always easy. Even for our favorite wordsmiths, coming up with a great story can be a tough act. Here are some words of wisdom that will get you through your own writing.
This document provides guidance on writing feature stories. It begins with an introduction that feature stories go beyond facts to tell extraordinary stories about ordinary people. It then lists 10 popular types of feature stories, such as personality profiles, human interest stories, and personal narratives. The document provides tips on brainstorming story ideas within a school community. It emphasizes that feature writers are storytellers first and discusses techniques like using colorful imagery, direct address, repetition, and focusing on emotion. It advises spending time on research, interviews, and rewriting to craft compelling narratives.
The document provides an overview of literary forms and concepts related to critical writing, including blurbs, citations, plagiarism, quoting sources, and narrative genres. It discusses reasons for citing sources, what constitutes plagiarism, and how to properly cite sources using MLA style. It also covers topics like narrative closure, character development, memory and narrative, creative nonfiction, and how point of view affects reading a narrative.
This document provides an overview of literary forms and concepts discussed in an English course, including fiction vs nonfiction, citation, plagiarism, quoting sources, and narrative closure. It discusses genres, techniques for writing blurbs and midterm papers, and the relationships between memory, narrative, character, and the self.
Slides accompanying my upcoming webinar about literature and lit projects with authors!
Bookable here: http://lpm.dzs.lpm/Webinar/index3.php
On 02. 05. 2017 | 19:00h - 20:30h CET
Access link: https://webconf.vc.dfn.de/making/
Info: https://v.gd/making
Getting It Down and Out: Strategies for Museum WritingWest Muse
Stressed about writing? Does the thought of having to produce text send you into a panic? Relax! Our panel of experts makes the process of getting it down and out much easier. Bring your most vexing writing problems to this session, and we will help you find solutions. Writing well is key to any successful career, but for the museum professional, communicating clearly is essential for fulfilling your institution’s mission of informing the public.
Moderator: Susan Spero, Professor of Museum Studies, John F. Kennedy University
Presenters:
Katherine Whitney, Principle, Katherine Whitney & Associates
Lauren Valone, Program Coordinator, Western Museums Association
Chris Keledjian, Exhibitions Editor, Getty Museum
View the corresponding notes to this presentation here: http://www.westmuse.org/getting-it-down-and-out-strategies-museum-writing
Rough transcript and notes, as delivered at Balisage 2013, August 6, 2013. Paper at http://balisage.net/Proceedings/vol10/html/StLaurent01/BalisageVol10-StLaurent01.html
How to Write a Satire Essay: Tips amp; Examples HandmadeWriting. Satire Essay Year 12 HSC - English Standard Thinkswap. satire analysis essay Satire Mark Twain. How To Write A Satire Story - HISTORYZI. Satire writing help! Is Fitzgerald Writing a Love Story or a Satire?. Satire Essay Example Telegraph. Famous satirical essays. Top 10 Great Satirists. 2019-01-29. How To Write A Satire Essay: Learn The Right Techniques To Cope With It. How To Write A Good Satire Story - Adams Author. example of satire essay. Satire Essay Topics List Funn amp; Easy for school: Examples, Ideas .... Calaméo - Satire Essay Example: Excellent and Useful Tips for Students. 008 Topics Write Satirical Essay Thatsnotus. Satirical Writing - GCSE English - Marked by Teachers.com. 256 Satire Essay Topics amp; Satirical Essay Examples 2024. Phenomenal How To Write A Satirical Essay Thatsnotus. Satirical Essay. How To Write Satire Analysis Essay - UNUGTP News. English IV--Satire Essay: A Modest Proposal. College Essay: Writing a satirical essay. Excellent Satire Essay Examples Thatsnotus. Step-By-Step Guide on Writing Satirical Essays. Step-by-step Guide On Writing Satirical Essays - EssayMin. 005 Writing Satirical Essay Example Thatsnotus. 018 Essay Example How To Write Satire Bookman Road Elementary Elgin .... New Satire Essay Examples On Bullying Full - Essay. 010 Satirical Essay Topics Essays Descriptive Best For Satire Easy Any .... 002 Writing Satirical Essay P1 Thatsnotus. Famous satirical essays. Satire essay samples. 2022-11-03. Essay websites: Examples of satire essays. Satire Essay Example Pdf. Satirical writing. Examples of Writing a Satire Essay. 2019-02-06. 004 Essay Example Satire Good Examples Of Essays Topics Thatsnotus Writing A Satirical Essay Writing A Satirical Essay
Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Writing The Science Fiction Film: Where do you get your ideas from?robgrant
The lazy way of coming up with science fiction film ideas is to take any an existing movie title and add ..in space! to it. Like High Noon ..in space! (Outland) or Jaws ..in space! (Alien). It’s become a tried and trusted method, but while it has led to the occasional classic - no-one is going to argue against Alien being a sci-fi classic - there are a lot more films in the mediocre pile.
So where do we find new ideas ripe for science fiction?
Well as you might expect they’re all around you, all you have to do is start looking, but it requires that you leave your SF prejudices at the door and open your eyes to the wider world of sci-fi storytelling.
This workshop looks at sources of new ideas, basic tools to gather and store them, explores exercises for taking an idea and turning it into a story and we’ll actually take an idea and break a story with the audience in the room.
"Poets & Programmers: What to do when you are not a genius"; examines the idea of "genius" in poetry and programming; posits that our ideas of the genius lead to stereotypes about software developers that translate to both gatekeeping and unproductive practices.
This document discusses factors to consider when selecting texts for students. It outlines three main factors: potential for engagement, levels of meaning, and features of the text.
For potential engagement, teachers should consider if the text offers opportunities for knowledge building, personal connection, and meaning-making. For levels of meaning, teachers should evaluate if the text presents multiple depths of meaning as readers progress from simple to more complex understanding. For features of the text, the document discusses quantitative measures of complexity from various programs and how certain textual features could help or hinder comprehension. It emphasizes that quantitative measures are useful but imperfect, and all three factors should be weighed when choosing texts.
Martin Luther King Jr Essay Essay on Martin Luther King Jr for .... 004 Martin Luther King Jr Essay Mlk1 Thatsnotus. Martin Luther King Jr. a Realist Leader Free Essay Example. Essay about dr martin luther king jr. Dr. Martin Luther King Essay .... MlK Essay Essay on MLK for Students and Children in English - A Plus .... The Importance Of Martin Luther King, Jr.s I have a dream Speech .... Martin Luther King Jr Essay Examples Sitedoct.org. Dr. Martin Luther King Essay - Painesville City Local Schools. Martin Luther King Jr Essays: Discover the Genius of Equality 300 .... Martin Luther King Jr. ESSAY. Essay on Martin Luther King Jr. 600 Words - PHDessay.com. The Life of Martin Luther King. Jr - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com. Martin Luther King, Jr. Beliefs - PHDessay.com. Martin Luther King Essay Essay on Martin Luther King for Students and .... Martin Luther King Jr. - Free Essay Example PapersOwl.com. Analysis of Martin Luther King Speech Essay - Free Essay Example - 1347 .... 2023 MLK Essay Contest. Marvelous King Essay Thatsnotus. MLK Essay. dr martin luther king jr essay. GHS Juniors Winning MLK Essay Challenges Youth to Leave their Comfort .... Martin Luther King Jr. Dr Martin Luther King Jr Essay Telegraph. Martin Luther Kings most famous speech. What a beautiful soul .... Martin Luther King Jr.s biography: Essay Example, 446 words EssayPay. Martin Luther King, Jr.: I Have a Dream Speech 1963 - GradesFixer .... Martin Luther King Essay Modern History - Year 12 QCE Thinkswap. 2016 Rev. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. Essay Contest - Bottineau .... Mlk Essays. America remembers MLK: Live updates. Martin Luther King. - GCSE History - Marked by Teachers.com Mlk Essays Mlk Essays
This document discusses how stories can be used to enhance usability in system design. It explains that stories can help designers understand customer needs more deeply and communicate requirements and designs more effectively. Stories that portray users as willful protagonists seeking to overcome obstacles can help designers empathize with the user experience. The document also provides tips for crafting good stories, such as including conflict, emotional progression, and specific descriptive language.
This document discusses plagiarism and proper citation of sources in research. It defines plagiarism as stealing another writer's work and notes that it can have legal consequences. The document provides examples of famous authors accused of plagiarism and guidelines for citing sources, including using MLA style. It emphasizes the importance of being honest and giving credit where credit is due to avoid plagiarism.
Red badge of courage critical thinking toolVictory
Victory's critical thinking tool can be used to create interactive scaffolded lessons for ELA, social studies, science , and math. This is an example of an ELA critical thinking lesson.
Creative Writing For Grade English Writingcrvponce
Speaking of Past and Present, here are a couple of competing claims:
Creative Writing (Literature) is the art of language in the present moment. The live, unstable, mysterious evolution that is happening continually and right under our noses. Brand new poetry, fiction, creative non-fiction, script-writing, and genres we don’t yet know how to name.
Creative Writing (Literature) is the art of language as an ancient activity. Something we’ve been doing since we first opened our mouths to speak, write on cave walls, and sing around a fire. Some theorists say that the impulse to create poetry is at the root of the human impulse to communicate, period.
What is “Creative Writing” with a capital C and W?
= the branch of English Studies that involves teaching and learning how to write creatively, right?
Yeah, but…
Did you know…
In some of its earliest appearances in higher ed, Creative Writing was offered to help students understand literature better. I.e., it was in the service of literature studies.
The idea was that by writing some fiction, poetry, or drama themselves, students would better understand the masterpieces of literature.
But also…
a bunch of teachers who were also writers wanted to get together with other writers and blab about their work—
in a college setting. (Couldn’t hang out in the bistros of Paris or Gertrude Stein’s salon anymore, so had to get together somewhere…)
I teach genres. Poetry, fiction. Creative nonfiction. Some script writing.
I encourage wide-open, glorious self-expression. Go for it.
I encourage self-denial and disciplined attention to the needs of audience. Craft.
I encourage demented new ways of thinking about the world.
I encourage thoughtful appreciation of very old traditions.
I try to do everything.
That’s why I’m burning out.
That’s why I’m insane.
Don’t tell my boss.
Poetry
PoetryGoing Back to The Very Beginning
Playing with language: Kenneth Koch, The Luminous Object
Surrealism
Worst High School Metaphors
Harmonious Confusion
Maybe it starts with just loving words.
What’s figurative language?
How do you say that someone is drunk?
How many animal metaphors do we use everyday?
Where did most worn-out metaphors come from, and how do we keep the language alive? Look at Lorrie Moore…
Worst High School Metaphors
1. Her face was a perfect oval, like a circle that had its two sides gently compressed by a Thigh Master.
2. His thoughts tumbled in his head, making and breaking alliances like underpants in a dryer without Cling Free.
3. He spoke with the wisdom that can only come from experience, like a guy who went blind because he looked at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it and now goes around the country speaking at high schools about the dangers of looking at a solar eclipse without one of those boxes with a pinhole in it.
4. She grew on him like she was a colony of E. Coli, and he was room-temperature Canadian beef.
-Credits to the owner
Financial Markets And Institutions Essay QuestionsCierra Leigh
Gnosticism was viewed as a threat to early Christianity due to its beliefs that matter is evil and emancipation comes through gnosis, rather than faith. It is a complex belief composed of myths defining humans and God. While often labeled an ancient Christian heresy, Gnosticism is actually a broad term used to describe various cults from pre-Christian and early Christian times that distinguished themselves through their dualistic worldview.
College Essay Examples - 9+ in PDF | Examples. Simple tips for writing essays in English: these steps will guide you .... Simple Guide to Help You Write an Essay by BreeAndrea - Issuu. Sample Photo Essay Pdf - Example Argumentative Essay Pdf | Boditewasuch. Analytical Essay: Essay in english literature. 10 Tips to Write an Essay and Actually Enjoy It. Soil erosion threatens modern society as surely as it did with other .... Modes Of Writing Worksheet, Are You Teaching Procedure How To Writing .... Essay sample. College Essay: Essay wrting. Find someone to write your essay: Top 10 Tips for College Essay Writing. Types of Writing Styles - KyleeexTorres. PTE Essay Writing Template1 Steven Fernandes | Essays | Test (Assessment). Definition of essay writing pdf. English Essay Writing Help: free Samples and List of Topics. 50 Best Reflective Essay Examples (+Topic Samples) ᐅ TemplateLab. How to write an admission essay 8 steps. Thesis Statement Position Paper Examples - Writing A Thesis Statement .... #Best Custom Academic Essay Writing Help & Writing Services UK Online .... Essay Writing in English | English Grammar Online Classes | Swiflearn .... How Online Essay Writing services boost your Grades | Write Assignment. How to Write an Essay. College Sample Scholarship Essays | Master of Template Document. 005 Creative Essay Example Narrative Personal Examples Best Ideas .... How to Write a Good Essay | The Ultimate Guide - Student-Tutor .... IELTS Sample Essay Topics 2020 Band 9 | Writing Task 2. Exemplification Essay Sample | Essays | Adolescence. Step-By-Step Guide to Essay Writing - ESL Buzz. Sample College Essay Prompt 5 - Sample Site g. Short Essay Writing Help: Topics Examples and Essay Sample. 32 College Essay Format Templates & Examples - TemplateArchive. 003 Essay Love Sample Descriptive Topics Definition Essays 936x1332 .... 020 Introducing Myself Essay Self Introduction Introduce Personal .... How to Write an Essay ~ Endless Lingbooks Essay Wrting
College Essay Example Telegraph. Online assignment writing service.Bethany Rodriguez
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Writing is not always easy. Even for our favorite wordsmiths, coming up with a great story can be a tough act. Here are some words of wisdom that will get you through your own writing.
This document provides guidance on writing feature stories. It begins with an introduction that feature stories go beyond facts to tell extraordinary stories about ordinary people. It then lists 10 popular types of feature stories, such as personality profiles, human interest stories, and personal narratives. The document provides tips on brainstorming story ideas within a school community. It emphasizes that feature writers are storytellers first and discusses techniques like using colorful imagery, direct address, repetition, and focusing on emotion. It advises spending time on research, interviews, and rewriting to craft compelling narratives.
The document provides an overview of literary forms and concepts related to critical writing, including blurbs, citations, plagiarism, quoting sources, and narrative genres. It discusses reasons for citing sources, what constitutes plagiarism, and how to properly cite sources using MLA style. It also covers topics like narrative closure, character development, memory and narrative, creative nonfiction, and how point of view affects reading a narrative.
This document provides an overview of literary forms and concepts discussed in an English course, including fiction vs nonfiction, citation, plagiarism, quoting sources, and narrative closure. It discusses genres, techniques for writing blurbs and midterm papers, and the relationships between memory, narrative, character, and the self.
Slides accompanying my upcoming webinar about literature and lit projects with authors!
Bookable here: http://lpm.dzs.lpm/Webinar/index3.php
On 02. 05. 2017 | 19:00h - 20:30h CET
Access link: https://webconf.vc.dfn.de/making/
Info: https://v.gd/making
Getting It Down and Out: Strategies for Museum WritingWest Muse
Stressed about writing? Does the thought of having to produce text send you into a panic? Relax! Our panel of experts makes the process of getting it down and out much easier. Bring your most vexing writing problems to this session, and we will help you find solutions. Writing well is key to any successful career, but for the museum professional, communicating clearly is essential for fulfilling your institution’s mission of informing the public.
Moderator: Susan Spero, Professor of Museum Studies, John F. Kennedy University
Presenters:
Katherine Whitney, Principle, Katherine Whitney & Associates
Lauren Valone, Program Coordinator, Western Museums Association
Chris Keledjian, Exhibitions Editor, Getty Museum
View the corresponding notes to this presentation here: http://www.westmuse.org/getting-it-down-and-out-strategies-museum-writing
Rough transcript and notes, as delivered at Balisage 2013, August 6, 2013. Paper at http://balisage.net/Proceedings/vol10/html/StLaurent01/BalisageVol10-StLaurent01.html
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Essentials of Automations: Exploring Attributes & Automation ParametersSafe Software
Building automations in FME Flow can save time, money, and help businesses scale by eliminating data silos and providing data to stakeholders in real-time. One essential component to orchestrating complex automations is the use of attributes & automation parameters (both formerly known as “keys”). In fact, it’s unlikely you’ll ever build an Automation without using these components, but what exactly are they?
Attributes & automation parameters enable the automation author to pass data values from one automation component to the next. During this webinar, our FME Flow Specialists will cover leveraging the three types of these output attributes & parameters in FME Flow: Event, Custom, and Automation. As a bonus, they’ll also be making use of the Split-Merge Block functionality.
You’ll leave this webinar with a better understanding of how to maximize the potential of automations by making use of attributes & automation parameters, with the ultimate goal of setting your enterprise integration workflows up on autopilot.
zkStudyClub - LatticeFold: A Lattice-based Folding Scheme and its Application...Alex Pruden
Folding is a recent technique for building efficient recursive SNARKs. Several elegant folding protocols have been proposed, such as Nova, Supernova, Hypernova, Protostar, and others. However, all of them rely on an additively homomorphic commitment scheme based on discrete log, and are therefore not post-quantum secure. In this work we present LatticeFold, the first lattice-based folding protocol based on the Module SIS problem. This folding protocol naturally leads to an efficient recursive lattice-based SNARK and an efficient PCD scheme. LatticeFold supports folding low-degree relations, such as R1CS, as well as high-degree relations, such as CCS. The key challenge is to construct a secure folding protocol that works with the Ajtai commitment scheme. The difficulty, is ensuring that extracted witnesses are low norm through many rounds of folding. We present a novel technique using the sumcheck protocol to ensure that extracted witnesses are always low norm no matter how many rounds of folding are used. Our evaluation of the final proof system suggests that it is as performant as Hypernova, while providing post-quantum security.
Paper Link: https://eprint.iacr.org/2024/257
Freshworks Rethinks NoSQL for Rapid Scaling & Cost-EfficiencyScyllaDB
Freshworks creates AI-boosted business software that helps employees work more efficiently and effectively. Managing data across multiple RDBMS and NoSQL databases was already a challenge at their current scale. To prepare for 10X growth, they knew it was time to rethink their database strategy. Learn how they architected a solution that would simplify scaling while keeping costs under control.
HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
HCL Notes and Domino License Cost Reduction in the World of DLAUpanagenda
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-and-domino-license-cost-reduction-in-the-world-of-dlau/
The introduction of DLAU and the CCB & CCX licensing model caused quite a stir in the HCL community. As a Notes and Domino customer, you may have faced challenges with unexpected user counts and license costs. You probably have questions on how this new licensing approach works and how to benefit from it. Most importantly, you likely have budget constraints and want to save money where possible. Don’t worry, we can help with all of this!
We’ll show you how to fix common misconfigurations that cause higher-than-expected user counts, and how to identify accounts which you can deactivate to save money. There are also frequent patterns that can cause unnecessary cost, like using a person document instead of a mail-in for shared mailboxes. We’ll provide examples and solutions for those as well. And naturally we’ll explain the new licensing model.
Join HCL Ambassador Marc Thomas in this webinar with a special guest appearance from Franz Walder. It will give you the tools and know-how to stay on top of what is going on with Domino licensing. You will be able lower your cost through an optimized configuration and keep it low going forward.
These topics will be covered
- Reducing license cost by finding and fixing misconfigurations and superfluous accounts
- How do CCB and CCX licenses really work?
- Understanding the DLAU tool and how to best utilize it
- Tips for common problem areas, like team mailboxes, functional/test users, etc
- Practical examples and best practices to implement right away
In the realm of cybersecurity, offensive security practices act as a critical shield. By simulating real-world attacks in a controlled environment, these techniques expose vulnerabilities before malicious actors can exploit them. This proactive approach allows manufacturers to identify and fix weaknesses, significantly enhancing system security.
This presentation delves into the development of a system designed to mimic Galileo's Open Service signal using software-defined radio (SDR) technology. We'll begin with a foundational overview of both Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) and the intricacies of digital signal processing.
The presentation culminates in a live demonstration. We'll showcase the manipulation of Galileo's Open Service pilot signal, simulating an attack on various software and hardware systems. This practical demonstration serves to highlight the potential consequences of unaddressed vulnerabilities, emphasizing the importance of offensive security practices in safeguarding critical infrastructure.
Connector Corner: Seamlessly power UiPath Apps, GenAI with prebuilt connectorsDianaGray10
Join us to learn how UiPath Apps can directly and easily interact with prebuilt connectors via Integration Service--including Salesforce, ServiceNow, Open GenAI, and more.
The best part is you can achieve this without building a custom workflow! Say goodbye to the hassle of using separate automations to call APIs. By seamlessly integrating within App Studio, you can now easily streamline your workflow, while gaining direct access to our Connector Catalog of popular applications.
We’ll discuss and demo the benefits of UiPath Apps and connectors including:
Creating a compelling user experience for any software, without the limitations of APIs.
Accelerating the app creation process, saving time and effort
Enjoying high-performance CRUD (create, read, update, delete) operations, for
seamless data management.
Speakers:
Russell Alfeche, Technology Leader, RPA at qBotic and UiPath MVP
Charlie Greenberg, host
[OReilly Superstream] Occupy the Space: A grassroots guide to engineering (an...Jason Yip
The typical problem in product engineering is not bad strategy, so much as “no strategy”. This leads to confusion, lack of motivation, and incoherent action. The next time you look for a strategy and find an empty space, instead of waiting for it to be filled, I will show you how to fill it in yourself. If you’re wrong, it forces a correction. If you’re right, it helps create focus. I’ll share how I’ve approached this in the past, both what works and lessons for what didn’t work so well.
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift.pdfTosin Akinosho
Monitoring and Managing Anomaly Detection on OpenShift
Overview
Dive into the world of anomaly detection on edge devices with our comprehensive hands-on tutorial. This SlideShare presentation will guide you through the entire process, from data collection and model training to edge deployment and real-time monitoring. Perfect for those looking to implement robust anomaly detection systems on resource-constrained IoT/edge devices.
Key Topics Covered
1. Introduction to Anomaly Detection
- Understand the fundamentals of anomaly detection and its importance in identifying unusual behavior or failures in systems.
2. Understanding Edge (IoT)
- Learn about edge computing and IoT, and how they enable real-time data processing and decision-making at the source.
3. What is ArgoCD?
- Discover ArgoCD, a declarative, GitOps continuous delivery tool for Kubernetes, and its role in deploying applications on edge devices.
4. Deployment Using ArgoCD for Edge Devices
- Step-by-step guide on deploying anomaly detection models on edge devices using ArgoCD.
5. Introduction to Apache Kafka and S3
- Explore Apache Kafka for real-time data streaming and Amazon S3 for scalable storage solutions.
6. Viewing Kafka Messages in the Data Lake
- Learn how to view and analyze Kafka messages stored in a data lake for better insights.
7. What is Prometheus?
- Get to know Prometheus, an open-source monitoring and alerting toolkit, and its application in monitoring edge devices.
8. Monitoring Application Metrics with Prometheus
- Detailed instructions on setting up Prometheus to monitor the performance and health of your anomaly detection system.
9. What is Camel K?
- Introduction to Camel K, a lightweight integration framework built on Apache Camel, designed for Kubernetes.
10. Configuring Camel K Integrations for Data Pipelines
- Learn how to configure Camel K for seamless data pipeline integrations in your anomaly detection workflow.
11. What is a Jupyter Notebook?
- Overview of Jupyter Notebooks, an open-source web application for creating and sharing documents with live code, equations, visualizations, and narrative text.
12. Jupyter Notebooks with Code Examples
- Hands-on examples and code snippets in Jupyter Notebooks to help you implement and test anomaly detection models.
Fueling AI with Great Data with Airbyte WebinarZilliz
This talk will focus on how to collect data from a variety of sources, leveraging this data for RAG and other GenAI use cases, and finally charting your course to productionalization.
Ivanti’s Patch Tuesday breakdown goes beyond patching your applications and brings you the intelligence and guidance needed to prioritize where to focus your attention first. Catch early analysis on our Ivanti blog, then join industry expert Chris Goettl for the Patch Tuesday Webinar Event. There we’ll do a deep dive into each of the bulletins and give guidance on the risks associated with the newly-identified vulnerabilities.
Digital Banking in the Cloud: How Citizens Bank Unlocked Their MainframePrecisely
Inconsistent user experience and siloed data, high costs, and changing customer expectations – Citizens Bank was experiencing these challenges while it was attempting to deliver a superior digital banking experience for its clients. Its core banking applications run on the mainframe and Citizens was using legacy utilities to get the critical mainframe data to feed customer-facing channels, like call centers, web, and mobile. Ultimately, this led to higher operating costs (MIPS), delayed response times, and longer time to market.
Ever-changing customer expectations demand more modern digital experiences, and the bank needed to find a solution that could provide real-time data to its customer channels with low latency and operating costs. Join this session to learn how Citizens is leveraging Precisely to replicate mainframe data to its customer channels and deliver on their “modern digital bank” experiences.
Have you ever been confused by the myriad of choices offered by AWS for hosting a website or an API?
Lambda, Elastic Beanstalk, Lightsail, Amplify, S3 (and more!) can each host websites + APIs. But which one should we choose?
Which one is cheapest? Which one is fastest? Which one will scale to meet our needs?
Join me in this session as we dive into each AWS hosting service to determine which one is best for your scenario and explain why!
Skybuffer SAM4U tool for SAP license adoptionTatiana Kojar
Manage and optimize your license adoption and consumption with SAM4U, an SAP free customer software asset management tool.
SAM4U, an SAP complimentary software asset management tool for customers, delivers a detailed and well-structured overview of license inventory and usage with a user-friendly interface. We offer a hosted, cost-effective, and performance-optimized SAM4U setup in the Skybuffer Cloud environment. You retain ownership of the system and data, while we manage the ABAP 7.58 infrastructure, ensuring fixed Total Cost of Ownership (TCO) and exceptional services through the SAP Fiori interface.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024Hiroshi SHIBATA
I develop the Ruby programming language, RubyGems, and Bundler, which are package managers for Ruby. Today, I will introduce how to enhance the security of your application using open-source software (OSS) examples from Ruby and RubyGems.
The first topic is CVE (Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures). I have published CVEs many times. But what exactly is a CVE? I'll provide a basic understanding of CVEs and explain how to detect and handle vulnerabilities in OSS.
Next, let's discuss package managers. Package managers play a critical role in the OSS ecosystem. I'll explain how to manage library dependencies in your application.
I'll share insights into how the Ruby and RubyGems core team works to keep our ecosystem safe. By the end of this talk, you'll have a better understanding of how to safeguard your code.
Introduction of Cybersecurity with OSS at Code Europe 2024
Criticism
1. Tis hard to say, if greater want of skill
Appear in writing or in judging ill.
But, of the two, less dang’rous is th’
offence,
To tire our patience, than mislead our
sense.
Criticism
Mark Bernstein ❧ Eastgate Systems Inc.
Hypertext 2010
2. The Paper
“Our methods for
accumulating and testing
• 93 references
evidence of a hypertext’s
successes and shortcomings
• [Aarseth 97]-[Zaid 03]
are numerous but poorly
understood. This paper
• From 1711 to today
surveys the most influential
approaches to evaluating • From science to art
hypertexts and considers
their impact on crafting a • We should read more
hypertext criticism
new literary economy.”
5. Poets are partial to their wit, ’tis
true,
But are not critics to their
judgment too?
6. Lewis W. Hine.
Group of
newsboys on a
stoop at 4th &
Market Sts,
Wilmington
Delaware. "Take
our mugs,
mister?"
7. Photo: Lee Russell
An Economy of Judgment
The disappearance of newspaper and magazine review
Mark Bernstein And Diane Greco, “Designing A New Media Economy” Genre XLI 3/4, 2010
8. Lewis Wickes Hine. A "Reader" in
cigar factory, Tampa, Fla. He reads
books and newspapers at top of his
voice all day long. This is all the
education many of these workers
receive. He is paid by them and they
select what he shall read.
There is a lot to read.
The most salient economic fact about books: books are numerous.
9. How do we
discover what we
need to read?
✤ teachers, friends,
colleagues
✤ booksellers
✤ reviews in
newspapers,
magazines,
journals
✤ weblogs
Roosevelt reading in front of his tent in hunting
camp, 1910.
10. But there are
lots of
problems
For example, small literary magazines
receive thousands of submissions, but
have hundreds of readers.
Lewis Hicks Wine, Newsgirl, Park Row,
New York.
11. Whoever thinks a faultless piece to see
Thinks what ne’re was, nor is, nor ne’er
shall be.
12. What Is
Writing the paper: 80
Professor hours @ 100
$8,000
Presenting: 50 professors
x 1 hour
$5,000
Travel: $1000/
conference ÷ 18 papers/
conf x 50
$2,700
14. William McGregor Paxton, Leaving The
More Costs
Practitioners learn to despise all
research
Readers assume our work is
“academic” and uninteresting
The trade press fills with corrupt
pseudo-research.
Students leave the field
16. Trust not yourself; but your defects to
know,
Make use of ev’ry friend – and ev’ry foe.
17. Miall & Dobson 2006
✤ Take “The Demon
Lover”
✤ Make it into a
hypertext (how?)
✤ Ask a bunch of
undergraduates to
read it
✤ Run the statistics
✤ Write the paper
18. Moulthrop 1991
To require hypertext
to function like a book
is a bit like expecting
a jetliner to behave
like a locomotive: yes,
it’s very fast but the
blasted thing won’t
stay on the rails.
19. Evaluation and
its discontents
Usability privileges the
first encounter
Statistics wash out the
exceptional case (when
not discarded as an
outlier)
Unrealistic definition
of “work”
20. “While the results
were not
statistically
significant, we
note nontheless
that the trend was
strongly…”
24. Who to a friend his faults can freely show,
And gladly praise the merit of a foe.
Real
riticism criti
Re al c of
cism
of
r eal real
xts! hype
hyp erte rtex
ts!
25. Who to a friend his faults can freely
show,
And gladly praise the merit of a foe
26.
27. Who to a friend his faults can freely show,
And gladly praise the merit of a foe.
✤ Strength
✤ Flexible, concrete
✤ Weakness
✤ Partiality can be masked
✤ Small samples, hard work
28. William McGregor Paxton, The Breakfast, Metropolitan n Museum
Most critics, fond of some subservient art,
Still make the whole depend upon a part
Essentialism
29. Most critics, fond of some
subservient art,
Still make the whole depend upon
a part.
33. Murray
“When we stop thinking of the
computer as a multimedia
telephone link, we can identify its
four principal properties, which
separately and collectively make it
a powerful vehicle for literary
creation. Digital environments
are procedural, participatory,
spatial, and encyclopedic.”
34. claptrap
✤ Essentialism run amok: the
essence of computational
media is that they are
pernicious (and so we need
not — should not — read
them)
✤ Believing hypertext to be
pernicious or harmful, these
critics read little (Miller,
Kakutani) or almost none
(Birkerts)
35. William McGregor Paxton, The Breakfast, Metropolitan n Museum
Strengths
you don’t need to work very
hard
Weaknesses
you don’t learn much
Essentialism
37. Our sons their fathers’ failing
language see,
And such that Chaucer is, shall
Dryden be.
38. It was Kael's therapeutic advice to the
overcultivated that if they just
concentrated on responding to the
stimulus, the aesthetics would take care
of themselves. What good is form if the
content leaves you cold?
The academic term for the kind of
antiformalism Kael promoted is
“postmodernism.”
Louis Menand, 1995. Finding It At The Movies. The New
Yorker. 42 (5)
45. In ev’ry work regard the writer’s end,
Since none can compass more then
they intend; And if the means be just,
the conduct true, Applause, in spite of
trivial faults, is due.
54. thank you
✤ Pope On Criticism (1711)
✤ Stacey Mason, Samantha Panepinto
✤ Fonts: Neutraface 2, Epic, Kane,
Tungsten
✤ Images: Library of Congress,
iStockPhoto, MFA, Metropolitan Museum
www.eastgate.com serious
of Art.
hypertext since 1982
Editor's Notes
My name is Mark Bernstein. I build hypertext systems, and I’m a hypertext publisher. This paper reviews approaches to hypertext criticism. The talk is challenging; the paper is easier.
The paper takes a sincere shot at broadly surveying hypertext criticism and the many approaches people have taken to figuring out what is good and what is not. I believe this to be the first review of the area.
A big part of what we do in hypertext research is, simply, figuring out whether the stuff we’ve done is any good.
Those 93 references aren’t padding. Lots of people have reviewed hypertext. I disagree with some, but read and form your own opinions. The strength of this conference had been its scholarship, and that scholarship is not what it was. You need to know the literature.
If the idea of literary hypertext seems strange to you, Diane Greco and I recently pulled together a volume of readings about Reading Hypertext.
We make judgments when building our systems, and when writing hypertexts, and when designing Web sites, and when submitting papers to this conference.
Literary machines inhabit a literary economy. I outline the shape of that economy in the paper. You know the essence: Writing, publishing, bookselling.
Everyone thinks their own work deserves to be rewarded. There is nothing outside the economy; open source is not a stairway to heaven. And we claim to be a science; we want evidence and we’d like proof that we know what we know.
I won’t recapitulate the whole discussion of the economy. The most salient fact about books is that books are numerous. And their plenitude is precisely what we want to preserve and expand in hypertext; we want to build things that are better than books.
How do we know what we know? Most of you are computer scientists, and computer science has an answer. Some of you may be writers, or scientists (who after all are writers) and Literature has its own answers.
I want to suggest today that it’s all wrong. We’re rejecting work that might be good, and accepting work that might be wrong.
Choosing unwisely is an expensive proposition.
All of us have sometimes reviewed conference papers that were, frankly, hopeless from the outset. Sometimes, we’ve heard them presented. Maybe this is one of them.
A bad conference paper costs taxpayers and benefactors fifteen or twenty thousand dollars — and that assumes it’s not pernicious or misleading.
Of course, the costs can be much greater. We take a paper that’s not QUITE right, and people rely on it, and cite it, and pretty soon we’ve got entire research projects that are motivated by a mistake.
This has happened several times at this conference, where (after all) we don’t build bridges.
When we misjudge research and writing — in either direction — we tempt practitioners to despise all research. Readers assume that we can’t advise them. Worse: that we don’t want to. The trade press fills up with corrupt pseudo-analysis. And students stop doing the work. THIS SHOULD SOUND FAMILIAR TO YOU.
We need to know what it to read, and we need to know how to write hypertexts worth reading. How can we tell? The favorite tool of computer science has been empirical evaluation.
We implement a system of some sort, and then we test that system on actual test subjects.
We can, for example, take a print story and turn it into a hypertext. We ask a bunch of our students whether they like the jumbled story or the real story. They give us the answer we want; and we get a publication.
Drag races between media are almost always a bad idea. You can’t measure the average productivity difference between an opera and a bronze statue. WE HAVE UNDERSTOOD THIS SINCE 1991, and yet we see these papers every year.
Evaluation is sometimes useful, but often leaves us adrift. First, it privileges first and casual encounters, which are not really our first interest. Second, the really important outcomes —changing the world — are by definition rare, especially with undergraduates! Finally, we keep defining “work” as “finding facts” or “filling out forms”; this is easy to measure but not in fact what knowledge workers do.
We ourselves don’t do evaluation very well. I review a paper with this sentence almost every year. So do you. I’ve always thought this was self-evident grounds for instantly rejecting the work. Not all of you agree, though I’ve never heard a convincing defense.
Let’s face it: we insist the papers have evaluation sections, but we don’t love reading them. When we meet, we don’t rush to talk about our latest tricks for recruiting test subjects. It shows in the papers: the statistical sections are often ill-written, stilted, and artificial. And it’s equally hard to get referees to pay close attention.
We insist that it be done, but it’s obviously not what we want to do. This is not determinative, but it is (I think) a hint.
Summarizing quickly and oversimplifying: evaluation keeps us from deceiving ourselves, but it threatens to turn us into a conclave of pettifoggers, refining details that nobody cares for.
A variation that designers sometimes hold out: we’ll ask the users what they want.
Readers dont know what they want. They haven’t found it yet; that’s why they’re reading!
So, perhaps there might be an alternative to applying Student’s t-test to a room full of our students.
Others, instead, have turned to careful examination of actual hypertexts.
There’s quite a lot of excellent work along these lines, examining actual hypertexts and exploring what they do and how they do it.
Notable among this group was a cadre of young European and Oceanic scholars, many of whom, interestingly, now write much less than they did ten years ago. This is a problem.
Criticism can potentially answer any question we care to ask it. We are inclined to distrust it, but often find it gives the right answers. But our distrust is not unsound; partiality can be masked, and induction from a single sample is hard to trust.
Another approach — one that has been very popular amongst our literary colleagues — has been to explore the essential properties of digital media.
Discussing specific hypertexts, one by one, is hard work. Can we draw any lessons, beyond respect for isolated genius? It seems more attractive to identify general tendencies in the nature of hypertext.
Often, these take the form I’ve called “Kids Today”, deploring the ever-declining abilities of the latest technology-addled teens.
This never changes and has no content: its essence is that it is – precisely – essentially irrelevant.
There is better work essentialism, but it has proven surprisingly difficult.
In his “Golden Age” speech. for example, Coover retreats from a modernist examination of actual hypertexts to argue from the Web’s apparent propensity for superficial imagery. He has no particular evidence for this, and I think it was wrong, but since Coover says it can’t be done, a generation hasn’t tried very hard to do it.
Or take Hamlet On The Holodeck. Murray says digital environments are procedural, participatory, spatial, and encyclopedic. But this isn’t an empirical observation; it’s an argument from the supposed essence of computation. This is fine when the essence is necessarily true, as is is for Joyce in “Nonce Upon Some Times”. But here we can easily quibble: is “Lust” encyclopedic? Is “afternoon” procedural? Is Prolog?
Finally, an important thread of essentialism begins from the conclusion that new media are pernicious. Since hypertext is harmful (especially to kids), these critics tend to avoid reading much of it.
I’m being hard on essentialism here. In fact some of my essentialist colleagues have done some hard work, and we have learned something. But I think essentialism can take a vacation.
Essentialism is popular in those parts of the digital humanities that like to talk about the essence of the digital. It’s largely discredited, and computer science it is especially unpopular.
The reaction against essentialist modernism in the arts is called postmodernism, and it is with this reaction that hypertext is chiefly identified in the humanities.
It was Kael's therapeutic advice to the overcultivated that if they just concentrated on responding to the stimulus, the aesthetics would take care of themselves. What good is form if the content leaves you cold?
The academic term for the kind of antiformalism Kael promoted is "postmodernism."
Formality considered harmful. Spatial Hypertext. LITERARY MACHINES. All postmodern arguments.
But, absent form and power, it hasn’t been clear how Theory (with a capital T) can be wrong on the merits, not just the politics.
A number of critics have embarked on a reflective practice, essentially auto-ethnography. They read and, reflecting on their reading, try to figure out what’s happening in front of them.
We can record our reading of a hypertext, our reaction to it, our theories about what is happening. Jane Douglas pioneered this method, Jill Walker won the first Nelson award for it; we don’t do it anymore.
The same thread runs through much of the best new media criticism: looking both at the work and at its experience. Think for example of Marshall’s thoughtful studies of annotation, Efimova’s reflections on blogging about writing a dissertation on weblogs.
Autoethnography — which is to say, intelligent and critical reflection on your own system — can yield intelligent reflection that would probably be beyond the capacity of a bunch of undergraduates working for a pizza. The potential for bias is clear. More important, I think we can sometimes find self-criticism too convincing. Randy Trigg talked us out of link types in 1989, and we believed him
Though I’ve been hard today on the Essentialists and the Evaluators, all four threads contribute to help us know what hypertext to read and to explain how it works. We can practice all four to good effect.
Let me conclude with some guidelines about how this new economy of judgment could be most helpful.
I return again to artistic and political practices of the late 19th and early 20th century radicals from Ruskin to the early Bauhaus, practices I call (without regard to nationality) NeoVictorian. The key concept that runs throughout these disparate movements is the integrity of the artist and the work. As a field, we have affected to honor these ideas and have not always succeeded as well as we ought.
First, we need to get our hands dirty. We need to read hypertexts and we need to read about them. We need to use hypertext tools in our daily work. Here, for example, are some notes on my recent reading from Tinderbox, a hypertextual tool I designed for making and analyzing notes. We should writing new media. We should demand excellent new media from students. You can (and must) understand computers now.
In my view, a great fault of digital humanities today is that there are few consequences (and many rewards) for being wrong. Indeed, being spectacularly wrong gets you press coverage and party invitations. Further, it is one thing to be mistaken and another, entirely, to be wrong and know it. In the sciences, we call this fraud; until you get this right, many will consider your discipline contemptible.
We do not wish to return Art to the patron, the prince, and the priest. It is easier for a critic to pin a fault on a student than to censure a colleague. It is also wrong. It is easy to assign nefarious motives to corporations and to sneer at tradesmen. Absent evidence, it is also wrong. Capitalism may be foul, but it is not our fault.
Convincing critical appreciations approach the hypertext in detail, yet draw on muriad sources and ideas. Sympathetic reporting of what was missed — what, as Harpold suggests, the hypertext turns away from — helps establish the critic’s position, and candor.
Failure can be as interesting as success. Many of the best readings of hypertexts begin from incomprehension and confusion. I hated afternoon the first time I read it; I thought hypertext fiction preoposterous.
The critic may be wrong. Take Lust: I edited the story, and I know it fairly well. I’ve read it dozens of times. Yet one of Rich Higasson’s students’ comments, reported in his dissertation, reveals my reading was wrong.
We should expect to write seriously about actual new media throughout our careers, not only as as the outset.
Special thanks to Eastgate editor Stacey Mason, whose survey of criticism formed the core of this review, and of course to all of you who build hypertext systems and write hypertexts. Where, by the way, are the hypertexts at this conference? Thank you.