Mary Ford sent an email to Hector Fuentes opposing Governor Gainor's plan to privatize the state DMV's information systems management. Ford claims privatization would lead to age discrimination against experienced employees and violate the Pendleton Act of 1883. She argues the union should challenge the plan and that Fuentes would gain union members' votes by opposing it. However, Ford provides little credible evidence and makes assumptions without considering other causes for the governor's plan. Her arguments contain logical fallacies and rely more on personal experience than facts.
The document discusses 360-degree feedback, which gathers evaluations from multiple rating sources including self, supervisor, peers, direct reports, customers, and suppliers. It is frequently used by large companies and those targeting performance issues or standardization. Pros include promoting feedback within teams and regular evaluation schedules, while cons can include resistance to feedback and high costs. The document argues that 360-degree feedback works best with a clear purpose, proper training, stakeholder inclusion, and repeated implementation without overlap.
Henry Hudson was an English explorer born in 1565 who led four expeditions to find the Northwest Passage between Europe and Asia. In 1609, while exploring for the Dutch East India Company, Hudson sailed up the river that now bears his name and discovered the Hudson River and Manhattan island. Though he did not find the Northwest Passage, Hudson made important geographical discoveries. He later explored the Arctic and discovered Hudson Bay in 1610. However, Hudson's final voyage in 1611 ended tragically when his crew mutinied and set him adrift in Hudson Bay, where he died.
The document discusses several animals and plants found in the Sierra Morena region of Spain, including the acorn pig, Iberian lynx, deer, and holm oaks, as well as mentioning the Guadalquivir river and bulls.
Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy and helped his father in his wool weaving business as he received little formal education. He gained sailing experience working for merchants and explored the Americas, discovering the Bahamas in 1492 and Puerto Rico and Hispaniola in subsequent voyages, though faced attacks from pirates and was arrested at one point. Columbus died in 1506 in Spain, having discovered the New World but never realizing he had found a new continent instead of Asia.
This document summarizes the services of ID Signsystems, a company that develops visual communication products and solutions. They specialize in signage, wayfinding, and branded environmental design for various sectors including healthcare, retail, education, and corporate. The company utilizes both modular sign systems and custom designs to meet client needs. They pride themselves on their design expertise, production capabilities, and partnership approach to bringing client concepts to life.
The document discusses 360-degree feedback, which gathers evaluations from multiple rating sources including self, supervisor, peers, direct reports, customers, and suppliers. It is frequently used by large companies and those targeting performance issues or standardization. Pros include promoting feedback within teams and regular evaluation schedules, while cons can include resistance to feedback and high costs. The document argues that 360-degree feedback works best with a clear purpose, proper training, stakeholder inclusion, and repeated implementation without overlap.
Henry Hudson was an English explorer born in 1565 who led four expeditions to find the Northwest Passage between Europe and Asia. In 1609, while exploring for the Dutch East India Company, Hudson sailed up the river that now bears his name and discovered the Hudson River and Manhattan island. Though he did not find the Northwest Passage, Hudson made important geographical discoveries. He later explored the Arctic and discovered Hudson Bay in 1610. However, Hudson's final voyage in 1611 ended tragically when his crew mutinied and set him adrift in Hudson Bay, where he died.
The document discusses several animals and plants found in the Sierra Morena region of Spain, including the acorn pig, Iberian lynx, deer, and holm oaks, as well as mentioning the Guadalquivir river and bulls.
Christopher Columbus was born in Genoa, Italy and helped his father in his wool weaving business as he received little formal education. He gained sailing experience working for merchants and explored the Americas, discovering the Bahamas in 1492 and Puerto Rico and Hispaniola in subsequent voyages, though faced attacks from pirates and was arrested at one point. Columbus died in 1506 in Spain, having discovered the New World but never realizing he had found a new continent instead of Asia.
This document summarizes the services of ID Signsystems, a company that develops visual communication products and solutions. They specialize in signage, wayfinding, and branded environmental design for various sectors including healthcare, retail, education, and corporate. The company utilizes both modular sign systems and custom designs to meet client needs. They pride themselves on their design expertise, production capabilities, and partnership approach to bringing client concepts to life.
Henry Hudson was an English explorer born in 1565 who made four voyages trying to find the Northwest Passage between Europe and Asia. In 1609, while exploring for the Dutch East India Company, he sailed up the river that now bears his name and discovered the Hudson River and Hudson Bay. His exploration of the Arctic failed to find the passage, and in 1611 his crew mutinied and set Hudson adrift in Hudson Bay, where he died. Hudson is remembered for his courage and persistence in undertaking dangerous Arctic voyages to further geographical knowledge.
The document describes an innovative LED lighting solution that provides higher quality light while reducing energy consumption and costs. It highlights three key benefits:
1) It gives a higher quality light through an original lamp design using solid state LEDs that can be adjusted for color temperature.
2) The high efficiency of LEDs substantially reduces electricity usage and lowers maintenance costs through a longer lifespan.
3) The superior light quality improves people's quality of life for work, study, and leisure, while using recyclable materials friendly to the environment.
Presentatie aan de Brabantse Bizz top 100 bedrijven over de mogelijkheden van co-creatie. Deze presentatie is gegeven tijdens een lunch, georganiseerd door de provincie Noord-Brabant.
Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 in Genoa, Italy to a wool weaver and was largely self-taught as he received little formal schooling. On his first voyage in 1492, he discovered the islands of San Salvador and Cuba while seeking a western sea route to Asia. Although he failed to find Asia, Columbus opened the door to European colonization of the Americas.
1) The document outlines the key steps in the strategic management process including analyzing the external and internal environment, formulating strategies, implementing strategies, and evaluating results.
2) It describes different types of organizational strategies such as corporate strategies for growth, stability, and renewal as well as business-level strategies around cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.
3) Emerging trends in strategic management are discussed like the need for strategic flexibility, applying e-business techniques, and becoming more customer-oriented and innovative.
Henry Hudson was an English explorer born in 1565 who led several expeditions trying to find the Northwest Passage for England and the Dutch East India Company. Though his early attempts were halted by freezing weather and near-mutiny, he did discover important geographic areas including Hudson Bay in Canada, Hudson Strait, and the Hudson River. However, on his final voyage in 1611, Hudson and several others were abandoned by mutineers and their fate remains unknown.
The document discusses Medicaid planning for singles to pay for nursing home costs, which average $7-9,000 per month. It provides two planning examples: 1) A single client with $250,000 creates an irrevocable trust, gifts $220,000 to it, and receives monthly income to cover expenses. 2) A single client admitted to a nursing home with $75,000 does planning to protect $37,500 in a trust and annuity to cover a five month Medicaid ineligibility period before qualifying. Both techniques allow funds to cover non-medical costs and preserve assets for heirs.
This document appears to be a list of repeated headers with no other substantive information provided. It does not contain enough contextual details or a clear topic to summarize in 3 sentences or less.
Medicaid is a state and federal program that pays for medical treatment including nursing home care. It applies to those who are 65 or older, blind, or disabled and meet income and asset tests. To qualify financially, a single person cannot have more than $2,000 in countable assets or earn more than the monthly cost of a nursing home, around $6-7,000. An example is given of a couple who used Medicaid planning like putting assets in a trust to qualify the wife for Medicaid coverage of her nursing home costs after her health declined.
This document provides an introduction to a study examining university students' perceptions of the learning disability dyslexia. It discusses stereotypes and stigma associated with labeled groups. Specifically, it reviews literature showing stereotypes exist around gender, ethnicity, social class, and dyslexia. While early research found negative stereotypes of those with dyslexia as unintelligent or poor readers, more recent studies show attitudes may be improving as educators gain understanding of dyslexia. However, some research still finds parents and others hold stereotypical views. The introduction establishes the topic of investigating implicit and explicit attitudes university students hold towards dyslexia.
Henry Hudson was an English explorer born in 1565 who made four voyages trying to find the Northwest Passage between Europe and Asia. In 1609, while exploring for the Dutch East India Company, he sailed up the river that now bears his name and discovered the Hudson River and Hudson Bay. His exploration of the Arctic failed to find the passage, and in 1611 his crew mutinied and set Hudson adrift in Hudson Bay, where he died. Hudson is remembered for his courage and persistence in undertaking dangerous Arctic voyages to further geographical knowledge.
The document describes an innovative LED lighting solution that provides higher quality light while reducing energy consumption and costs. It highlights three key benefits:
1) It gives a higher quality light through an original lamp design using solid state LEDs that can be adjusted for color temperature.
2) The high efficiency of LEDs substantially reduces electricity usage and lowers maintenance costs through a longer lifespan.
3) The superior light quality improves people's quality of life for work, study, and leisure, while using recyclable materials friendly to the environment.
Presentatie aan de Brabantse Bizz top 100 bedrijven over de mogelijkheden van co-creatie. Deze presentatie is gegeven tijdens een lunch, georganiseerd door de provincie Noord-Brabant.
Christopher Columbus was born in 1451 in Genoa, Italy to a wool weaver and was largely self-taught as he received little formal schooling. On his first voyage in 1492, he discovered the islands of San Salvador and Cuba while seeking a western sea route to Asia. Although he failed to find Asia, Columbus opened the door to European colonization of the Americas.
1) The document outlines the key steps in the strategic management process including analyzing the external and internal environment, formulating strategies, implementing strategies, and evaluating results.
2) It describes different types of organizational strategies such as corporate strategies for growth, stability, and renewal as well as business-level strategies around cost leadership, differentiation, and focus.
3) Emerging trends in strategic management are discussed like the need for strategic flexibility, applying e-business techniques, and becoming more customer-oriented and innovative.
Henry Hudson was an English explorer born in 1565 who led several expeditions trying to find the Northwest Passage for England and the Dutch East India Company. Though his early attempts were halted by freezing weather and near-mutiny, he did discover important geographic areas including Hudson Bay in Canada, Hudson Strait, and the Hudson River. However, on his final voyage in 1611, Hudson and several others were abandoned by mutineers and their fate remains unknown.
The document discusses Medicaid planning for singles to pay for nursing home costs, which average $7-9,000 per month. It provides two planning examples: 1) A single client with $250,000 creates an irrevocable trust, gifts $220,000 to it, and receives monthly income to cover expenses. 2) A single client admitted to a nursing home with $75,000 does planning to protect $37,500 in a trust and annuity to cover a five month Medicaid ineligibility period before qualifying. Both techniques allow funds to cover non-medical costs and preserve assets for heirs.
This document appears to be a list of repeated headers with no other substantive information provided. It does not contain enough contextual details or a clear topic to summarize in 3 sentences or less.
Medicaid is a state and federal program that pays for medical treatment including nursing home care. It applies to those who are 65 or older, blind, or disabled and meet income and asset tests. To qualify financially, a single person cannot have more than $2,000 in countable assets or earn more than the monthly cost of a nursing home, around $6-7,000. An example is given of a couple who used Medicaid planning like putting assets in a trust to qualify the wife for Medicaid coverage of her nursing home costs after her health declined.
This document provides an introduction to a study examining university students' perceptions of the learning disability dyslexia. It discusses stereotypes and stigma associated with labeled groups. Specifically, it reviews literature showing stereotypes exist around gender, ethnicity, social class, and dyslexia. While early research found negative stereotypes of those with dyslexia as unintelligent or poor readers, more recent studies show attitudes may be improving as educators gain understanding of dyslexia. However, some research still finds parents and others hold stereotypical views. The introduction establishes the topic of investigating implicit and explicit attitudes university students hold towards dyslexia.
Exploring the relationsip between diversity and workplace friendshipAlexander Decker
1) The document examines the relationship between diversity (measured by perceived value diversity and diversity climate) and workplace friendship.
2) It presents a literature review on diversity, diversity climate, perceived value diversity, and workplace friendship. Conceptual frameworks on social identity and relational approaches to diversity are discussed.
3) A survey was conducted of 196 employees in Nigeria to examine the hypotheses that diversity climate and perceived value diversity predict and are related to workplace friendship. Statistical analyses found significant relationships between the variables as predicted.
The document discusses how social status impacts negotiations. It notes that social status is a non-monetary currency that provides subjective utility, and that we seek social rewards and favorable treatment from those we regularly interact with. Our desire for social status can immediately impact how we conduct negotiations as we may pursue intangible social recognition over economic interests. To be successful in negotiations, one must be aware of how the other parties' concerns about social status may influence their decision making and generate questions to understand both economic and social motivations.
Conflict is inevitable in workplaces. There are five main types of workplace conflicts: interdependent conflicts arising from reliance on others' work, differences in work styles, differences in backgrounds or gender, differences in leadership styles, and personality clashes. Smaller issues like lack of respect, communication, or resources can contribute to larger conflicts. To address conflicts properly, employers should acknowledge conflicts, analyze their type, and resolve them respectfully through listening, focusing on problems rather than people, and speaking tactfully while staying calm.
This document discusses the disconnect between the theoretical foundations of public administration and the actual practice of public service work. It argues that public administration theory has largely focused on "how" the work is done through an emphasis on efficiency, rationality, and scientific management principles. However, much public service work involves emotional labor and caring for others, which requires skills like empathy, compassion, and responsiveness. By examining the concept of emotional labor, the document aims to illuminate this missing element of caring and relational tasks in public administration theory. It also briefly reviews the development of the field and highlights how an ethic of care and service has been lacking compared to a focus on technical efficiency and administration as a science.
Must be APA format, answer posts thoroughly, must have at least on.docxroushhsiu
Must be APA format, answer posts thoroughly, must have at least one verifiable, legitimate reference if needed no less than 150 words. Due Sunday September 1, 2019 @ 8PM EST @ 28 hours.
Week 2 Discussion #1.1
Girimonti
I think that in a perfect world, there would be a distinct balance in regards to security vs. privacy. Realistically, it seems that that balance ratio may not be achievable due to the ever lingering threats that could stand to pose harm to the public. I personally believe that the use of bio-metric technology is well suited as a separate layer of physical security that, when properly deployed, can be extremely effective at keeping personal things such as personal information secure. The ironic fact is that while it can be used to protect our personal information there is a real concern that it could actually be used to gain access to personal information. In the wrong hands, the use of bio-metrics can be detrimental to those who use it to protect valuable information or to keep potential plans confidential.
One of the main concerns I have in regards to the three categories is function creep. While this may be nothing more than a personal worry, it is not hard to let the mind drift off to the possibility that any personal information may be used for information other than what is stated at the time of collection. "When biometrics is instead used to offer an identity to individuals solely for the purpose of categorization, we can then consider this to be an unwelcome risk of this technology." (Mordini, 2009) Issues such as categorization as mentioned above could be an alarming threat, however there seems to be very little evidence to suggest that this is an actual occurring practice. I think that ethically there is very little concern other than what the potential could be if these programs or technology fell into the wrong hands of those who intend to use them for malicious purposes
References:
Mordini, E., & Green, M. (2009). Identity, security and democracy: the wider social and ethical implications of automated systems for human identification. Amsterdam: Ios Press.
Response #1.1
Discussion #1.2
Wilkerson posted Aug 27, 2019 7:24 PM
Subscribe
I feel that there is a valuable use for biometrics in the safety of the Nation. But, the use must be regulated and guarded. I have been fingerprinted several times throughout my life and have also had my DNA taken. I exist in several databases and have had that information breached. But still, my stance is the benefits outweigh the possible draw backs. I have identity theft monitoring for the possibility that the data breach compromised my SSN. And by having my DNA on file I can be cleared of any false accusations. I am not so naive as to think that this information could not be used by criminals or enemies for nefarious purposes. But, I have faith in our system and ultimately those individuals would be discovered and defeated. I can accept fingerprinting, DNA acquisition and ret ...
can you do this for me 2 replies Replies Provide 2 thoughDinahShipman862
can you do this for me 2 replies
Replies:
Provide 2 thoughtful replies to the threads of classmates. Each reply must include an analysis of your classmates’ threads, based on any experience from your own professional career (if applicable) that might be relevant. All replies must be 200–250 words. Also, be sure to integrate the required reading in a logical and relevant manner.
You must cite:
The textbook or at least 1 peer-reviewed journal article;
1 passage of Scripture; and
The audio lesson presentation.
your replies by 10:59 p.m. (csT) on Sunday of the same module/week
1st reply
Malja Swann
Swann M BMAL 500 DB1
Introduction
The gender wage gap has been a business issue that has made quite a fuss in recent years, so much so that famous Americans have banded together in a nationally syndicated campaign to combat and bring awareness to this issue.
Problem
Gender inequality is a problem that is deeply rooted in our nation's history, as women have struggled for years to attain equal rights. Today, one could argue that we have progressed as a country, but the fact remains that there is a considerable gap in wages paid to women and men across all professions.
Diversity
The irony of this problem is the idea that diversity n the workplace is one of the spearheads for a company's success (Kinicki, & Fugate 2016 ) Serving in the military as a woman has given me so much more insight on this issue. In my mind, it boils down to who you know. The infamous "old boys clubs" only stay that way because of the lack of female representation in higher ranking positions. For whatever reason women do not strive for success and power at the same intensity as their male counterparts. Being one of those women, I can say that my reasoning for not wanting to strive for power or success is the fear of the constant battle and solitude being a powerful woman yields. Although, there are some women with the courage to diversify the upper ranks of the workforce.
Ethics
When faced with determining whether or not the gender wage gap is morally justifiable, the answer is a simple, no. One might suppose that the wage gap is a small issue that can be swept under the rug, at to not affect workplace climate and productivity but recent studies have shown that the issue is far from small. " The gender wage gap and the limited success of women in reaching top positions in management cause continuous and emotional discussions in academia as well as in every-day life" (Gunther, Ekinci, Shierwen & Strobel, 2010).
Conclusion
"For God shows no partiality" ( Romans 2:11, English Standard Version). Similar to the popular phrase "ashes to ashes, dust to dust", Romans 2:11 is one of the many places in the Bible where God shows us that he believes in the equal treatment of all people. Knowing this as Christians in the business realm it is ...
There are three main types of organizational justice discussed in the document:
1. Distributive justice, which concerns the perceived fairness of outcomes and reward allocation. It involves comparisons between what employees receive versus what they expect or feel they deserve.
2. Procedural justice, which involves the perceived fairness of decision-making procedures that determine reward distribution. It includes the ability for employees to have input or "voice" in processes.
3. Interactional justice, which concerns the sensitivity and respect with which employees feel they are treated by the employer. It involves both interpersonal justice and informational justice around explanations for procedures. Perceptions of all three types of justice can impact important work attitudes and behaviors.
1
ESSAY 3 ASSIGNMENT
Fredrick Abimbola-peters
Prof. Marci Dawson
EGL1010 DL01
7 July 2021
Social media is an upcoming trend that has slowly become a serious addiction to many
people as much as it has its positive implications to the community. For instance, for small and
medium-scale businesses it helps in the marketing strategies that connects with free & targeted
customers because of the small time and energy input that lowers the operational costs due to
marketing. The advantage is that it helps these businesses to grow in numbers because it offers
a viable communication channels because of these social media sites have their own popularity.
Additionally, these social media sites give individuals and businesses an opportunity for
Marcia Dawson-Moser
This sentence has little to do with the rest of this paragraph, which seems more of a body paragraph than an introduction.
Marcia Dawson-Moser
Marcia Dawson-Moser
Title goes here.
Marcia Dawson-Moser
Heading should
be at the top left.
Marcia Dawson-Moser
Marcia Dawson-Moser
Last name here
Marcia Dawson-Moser
2
sharing their expertise and advice to the mass through the blogs, articles that enhances the
follower’s network. Also, it gives social networking for people that helps in creating unity for
people useful in achieving the specific goals that impacts a positive change for the community.
The negative implications of these social media sites include the increase in addiction.
The spent hour on social sites diverts the individual’s attention and focus from their intended
tasks that may lower the motivational level of people for students and teenagers because of the
technology reliance and the use of internet apart from the practical expertise and knowledge in
the everyday lives. The other negative implication is that these social media sites expose
children to anti-social behavior such as sex and violence that damages the kid’s behavior
making them to engage in crime-related activities. Information overload poses as a threat
because most people share too much detailed information that comes with a challenge in
processing this information. Finally, the teenagers and students waste a lot of productive time
in these social networking sites that diverts their focus from their academic study since they fail
to complete their assignments, leading to poor academic performance.
The external consequences of social media mainly revolve around privacy and the
individual liberty. In creating and processing different processes between individual and
individual information, law enforcement is faced with the following practice: Collect individual
and group identification information from personal information received by officers. This
question is very important for the information related to the question. Intelligence This issue is
particularly relevant to data obtained because of serious discussions. Frohlich (1994), Smith
(1994), Shaver et ...
Research Paper Template Outline For A Short ResearJoe Osborn
Here are the steps to complete this task:
1. Open the document in Word.
2. Verify your name appears in the footer.
3. Go to Layout > Orientation and select Landscape.
4. Go to Margins and set all margins to 0.6".
5. Go to Layout > Columns and select "Three - Equal".
6. Go to Insert > Breaks > Next Page and insert it before the heading "Catering Services".
7. On page 1, go to Layout > Breaks > Column and insert column breaks before the paragraphs "Food
Truck" and "Catering Services".
8. Check that all formatting changes have
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for AmericaG Terry Madonna. Pre.docxambersalomon88660
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America
G Terry Madonna. Presidential Studies Quarterly; Washington35.2 (Jun 2005): 411-412.
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America. By George C. Edwards III. New Haven, CT and London: Yale University Press, 2004. 198 pp.
Why the Electoral College Is Bad for America is a splendidly and clearly written primer on the origins, history, and complexity of the electoral college system. But George Edwards is out for bigger game-namely, the dissolution of the electoral college and its replacement with direct election. His main argument is that the electoral college is fundamentally at odds with the principles of political equality and majority rule. Edwards makes the case that the electoral college may be unique as an instrument to select a chief executive, but its continued existence cannot be justified, in large part because the mechanisms of the electoral college at various points through its operation can defy the will of the people.
In order to make his argument, Edwards tackles the debates and activities of the Founders at the 1787 Constitutional Convention, contending that the Framers backed into the electoral college by necessity because of the need to deal with certain practical realities. Moreover, the final product was not the result of a well-designed or systematically thought-out presidential selection system. Critics of the Edwards case surely would point out that the thrust of the entire convention debate was to qualify or modify popular majorities and to enshrine limitations on the scope of the national government. Even so, notwithstanding those who might quibble with this analysis, Edwards's most compelling point is that the Founders' considerations are not relevant today: presidents simply are no longer selected by Congress, state legislatures, or electors.
Another part of Edwards's attack deals with the notion that the electoral college protects the interests of small states and minorities, and it preserves federalism. He argues that these three conventional rationales for the electoral college are not rooted in the arguments made by the Founders most involved in its design, and they do not operate today in the manner their supporters say they do: small states have little community interest other than their size, minorities are not concentrated solely in large or even competitive states, and the selection of the president bears no relationship to federalism in terms of its function or structure.
Edwards gives short shrift to those defenders of the electoral college who hold firm in the belief that the current electoral system stands as an important bulwark against the increasing centralization of power in the federal government. The argument is that the general ticket or unit rule, mostly referred to as the winner-take-all principle, implemented during the Jacksonian era in particular works to enlarge the power of the states in presidential elections, and is a vital element in defense of.
BUSI 240
Discussion Board Example
Groupthink
Definition: Organizational Behavior notes, “Groupthink is the tendency of highly cohesive groups to value consensus at the price of decision quality” (McShane & Von Glinow, 2008, p. 257).
Summary: The article entitled “The Turn to Online Research is Narrowing the Range of Modern Scholarship, a New Study Suggests” written by Rebecca Tuhus-Dubrow (2008) discusses how the internet has made accessing research and other things on the internet extremely easy. The author asserts that by using search engines, which often rank the importance of a result by popularity, students leave themselves vulnerable to groupthink when conducting research results (Tuhus-Dubrow, 2008). Tuhus-Dubrow (2008) suggests that this this can be mitigated by using multiple sources to help provide a more well-rounded research pool.
Discussion: The internet has made performing research for students a matter of seconds. Students used to have to go to the library and conduct research out of textbooks and other publications but now by simply typing your subject in a search engine a variety of choices are at your fingertips. “Millions of journal articles are available online, enabling scholars to find material they never would have encountered at their university libraries” (Tuhus-Dubrow, 2008, para 2).
The internet just like everything else has it costs as well as benefits. Just like the article states the internet has started to dominate people’s lives. People rely on the internet for everything for both work and personal use.
The internet is considered to be a new form of groupthink because when searching for articles students are not highly selective in the choices they make and they tend to pick one of the few search choices that comes up. Also, the other alternatives of research are now not used due to the convenience of the internet. Tuhus-Dubrow (2008) make the case that outcomes should be portrayed by search engines in some organized way because most websites depend on devices that classify primarily in a couple of ways. The ways they are classified are by chronological order and by popularity (Tuhus-Dubrow, 2008). If a search engine filters results by popularity then this is groupthink because others are succumbing to the will of the group by choosing the same articles that show up first as results.
Do you feel that internet search engines cause groupthink? If so, elaborate on why you think this. Do you feel that this is why many professors at Liberty University want students to not choose the same discussion board topics? I personally feel that the reason professors want us to chose different topics is so that we will not reflect the same views and chose the same articles which would therefore be groupthink.
References
Adler, S. (2009). At davos, beware the tide of groupthink. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved from: http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/content/feb2009/db2009021_878209.htm
McShane, S., & Von G.
The document discusses conducting a needs assessment to address unmet needs related to education, housing, and medical care for individuals living with HIV in Atlanta. Potential informants for the needs assessment are identified, including the CDC, local health departments, hospitals, schools, churches, and community organizations. Gathering information from these stakeholders as well as community members themselves could provide insight into how the unmet need affects the community and what resources they feel are needed to address the problem. Quantitative surveys administered anonymously are proposed as an assessment method. Key informants would be local health authorities and organizations that have knowledge of HIV services and are present in the community.
This paper presents the results of a new monitoring project of the US presidential elections with the aim of establishing computer-based tools to track in real time the popularity or awareness of candidates. The designed and developed innovative methods allow us to extract the frequency of queries sent to numerous search engines by US Internet users. Based on these data, this paper demonstrates that Trump was more frequently searched than the Democratic candidates, either Hillary Clinton in 2016 or Joe Biden in 2020. When analyzing the topics, it is observed that in 2020 the US users had shown a remarkable interest in two subjects, namely, Coronavirus and Jobs (unemployment). Interest for other topics such as Education or Healthcare were less pronounced while issues such as Immigration were given even less attention by users. Finally, some “flame” topics such as Black Lives Matter (2020) and Gun Control (2016) appear to be very popular for a few weeks before returning to a low level of interest. When analyzing tweets sent by candidates during the 2020 campaign, one can observe that Trump was focused mainly on Jobs and on Riots, announcing what would happen if Democrats took power. To these negative ads, Biden answered by putting forward moral values (e.g., love, honesty) and political symbols (e.g., democracy, rights) and by underlying the failure of the current administration in resolving the pandemic situation.
Surprising Sample Review Essay Thatsnotus. 009 Critical Review Essay Example Sample Analysis Paper Thatsnotus. Review essay.... PDF Peer Review: A Strategy to Improve Students Academic Essay Writings. Essay Outline Format Examples PDF. Best Review Essay Thatsnotus. Review Paper Example on Writing Literature Free Essay Example. Book Review Essay Example Free Essay Example. How To Write A Movie Review : How to Write a Movie Review? : But it .... 008 Sample22 Book Review Essay Thatsnotus. Evaluating Journal Articles - Education Research for Graduate Students .... 008 Film Evaluation Essay Example On Movie How To Write Review Analysis .... Literature review sample essay - Literature reviews - Example 1 .... Example Of Critique A Review Paper / 007 Critical Review Essay Example .... 004 How To Write Book Review Essay Example Thatsnotus. Movie Review Example Review essay, Essay, Essay examples. Article review sample. Argumentative Essay Examples For 3rd Grade. Example Book Review Essay How to Write Critical Reviews. School paper: Example of a literature review essay. 003 Example Movie Review Essays 130056 Essay Thatsnotus. How to write a book review essay. ᐉ How to Write a Book Review Essay .... 026 Review Essay Example Writing Critique Of Journal Article Apa .... Top 5 Essay Writing Services: In-Depth Review. Narrative Essay: How to write a good review paper for publication. Example Book Review Essay : The Best Way to Write a Book Review: Useful .... 004 Example Of Book Review Essay Sample College Paper Thatsnotus. How To Write In APA Essay Format: 3 Easy Steps - PoemXtra. Name Five Techniques Of An Effective Argument Persuasive Essay PDF Review Essay Example Review Essay Example
[Title for Multicultural Case Study][Your Name][Your job t.docxhanneloremccaffery
[Title for Multicultural
Case Study]
[Your Name]
[Your job title in the case study]
[Your organization in the case study]
[Notes are optional on this page.]
1
[Case Study Overview]
[Distill the briefest possible narrative description of the case situation here. Additional supporting details and references to evidence can be added in the notes section below. Review the instructions in the courseroom for more information.]
[Details and references to evidence.]
2
Main Points of Cultural Difference[Your Name][Name of Other]Cultural identity 1Contrasting cultural identity 1Cultural identity 2Contrasting cultural identity 2Cultural identity 3Contrasting cultural identity 3
[Insert more rows or copies of this slide if needed.
Identify common concerns with each cultural identity here. Be careful to avoid stereotypes.
Analyze how cultural differences contributed to the conflict in this case.
Identify two relevant biases you have and at least one strategy for improving your cultural competency around each of those biases.]
3
Best Practice for Working With [Cultural Identity]
[Identify a best practice for working with a cultural identity in this case.*
Cite the source.
Briefly analyze how the best practice could help you navigate this particular relationship and conflict.
(Copy this slide as needed to address each cultural identity in this case as least once. You must cite best practices from at least three scholarly research articles in this assignment, but can cite other reputable sources as well.)]
[* Describe the best practice in more detail here. Elaborate as needed your analysis of how the best practice could help you navigate the relationship and conflict.
Web sites, books, textbooks, and assigned resources may be used, but do not count toward the three required scholarly research references.]
4
Conclusion
[Bullet the lessons learned in this case study.]
[Enter narrative explaining your bullet points here.]
5
References
[Include at least three scholarly research references for this assignment.
Web sites, books, textbooks, and assigned resources may be used, but do not count toward the three required references. You must find research articles.
Add slides if needed.]
[Include at least three scholarly research references for this assignment.
In addition, Web sites, books, textbooks, and assigned resources may be cited, but they do not count toward the three required references. You must find research articles.
Remember to use APA formatting throughout your Notes sections.]
6
1
Toils of Trouble in Election 2012: John Barrow and Lee Anderson
Walk into any room where people are conversing, and more than likely, someone will be discussing the current election of 2012. This election year has been dubbed by popular media and the Chief Political Correspondent for Good Morning America-George Stephanopolous as being one of the fiercest among candidates they have covered in a long, long time.” [footnoteRef:1] Ther.
This document summarizes several studies related to trust and communication in romantic relationships. It discusses how trust and communication are important factors that impact relationship development. Several theories are mentioned that were used in the studies, such as attachment theory, uncertainty reduction theory, and interdependence theory. The document reviews literature on relational interdependence, commitment, and online/mobile dating. It defines key terms like trust and commitment. Finally, it discusses the methodology of some of the studies, noting that most used quantitative surveys and questionnaires to collect information from undergraduate student samples.
The document discusses various media effects including persuasion, reinforcement, learning, agenda setting, priming, and framing. It provides definitions and examples of each. Agenda setting refers to how the amount of news coverage of an issue influences the public's perception of its importance. Priming is an extension of agenda setting where media coverage changes the criteria used to evaluate political leaders. Framing alters how people think about issues by influencing the importance they attach to certain beliefs through techniques like headlines and photos. Experiments show that news coverage and frames can influence perceptions and criteria for judgment. However, framing effects are limited by people's predispositions and source credibility.
Similar to Critical thinking and decision making (20)
1. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 1
DMBA610: Critical Thinking and Decision Making Assignment
Jody R. Warner
University of Maryland University College
2. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 2
DMBA610: Critical Thinking and Decision Making Assignment
Introduction
Browne & Keeley (2010, p. 2) claim“Critical thinking consists of an awareness of a set of
interrelated critical questions, the ability and willingness to ask and answer them at appropriate
times, and the desire to actively use the critical questions.” This paper will examine the
aforementioned claims against Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012)
to Hector Fuentes with reference to Governor Gloria Gainor’s intention to privatize the state’s
DMV information systems management function. Throughout this paper focus will be aimed at
providing an open-minded and non-biased assessment of the intent behind Mary Ford’s email
(personal communication, January 30, 2012) through the application of Browne & Keeley’s
(2007) Critical Thinking methodology.
A note about M. Neil Browne and Stuart M. Keeley
Ironically, before reading the book I applied my own version of “Critical Thinking” to
questioning the legitimacy of the authors to instruct readers on what they coin as “Critical
Thinking.” Much to my surprise their book (Browne & Keeley, 2007) that is the center of this
research paper has“37 editions published between 1986 and 2012 in English and Chinese and
held by 1,521 libraries worldwide” (Keeley, Stuart M. 2013). Born in 1941, Stuart Keeley has
“38 works in 89 publications in 5 languages and 3,181 library holdings”, and born in 1944 M.
Neil Browne has “54 works in 132 publications in 6 languages and 3,949 library holdings”
(Browne, Neil M., 2013) – it’s clear that both authors have a quite impressive history of writing
scholarly books and are well qualified to guide graduate students on the application of “Critical
3. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 3
Thinking”. Additionally, Browne and Keeley co-authored the first edition of “Asking the Right
Questions” in 1981 and then coined the term “Critical Thinking” in 1986 with their first edition
of the text this paper closely examines. (Browne, Neil M., 2013 & Keeley, Stuart M., 2013).
The application of Critical Thinking
What are the issues and the conclusions? (Browne & Keeley, 2007, P. 15-23)
In accordance with the Critical Thinking methodologies set forth by Browne & Keeley (2007)
we must first identify kinds of issues followed by kinds of questions (unless the issue does not
directly jump out at you, then you must first identify the conclusion). Right off the back we can
identify that we have what Keeley and Browne (2007) call a descriptive issue, in that Mary
Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012) raises considerable question about the
legitimacy of the Governor’s decision to privatize. The context of Mary Ford’s email (personal
communication, January 30, 2012) is borderline hostile and she demoralizes the Governors intent
to save the state money by raising doubt about consideration for future ramifications (right
versus wrong as a descriptive issue).
Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012)is centered on anopposition to
age discrimination and a wholehearted concern for the protection of the jobs of seasoned
employees who will likely not fare well in the job market. Moreover, the conclusion of the email
is the promise to help secure reelection of Mr. Hector Fuentes as President of the APEU Local
121, if he votes against the governor’s proposed for privatization of the DMV information
systems management function. Browne & Keeley (2007) state “the last paragraph says a lot”(p.
19) and that “It would be a good idea for you to read it again” (p. 19); this is certainly the case in
4. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 4
Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012), as the entire breadth of the
entire email is communicated in the last paragraph.
Issues:
“You (Hector Fuentes) wanted to know if the union shouldoppose the outsourcing
proposal.” (Mary Ford’s email, personal communication, January 30, 2012)
Mary Ford (personal communication, January 30, 2012) is adamantly opposed to
management exercising control of the union and she fears age discrimination for her
employees in the event they are displaced.
Conclusions (supportive of same argument):
“APEU Local No. 121 should challenge the governor’s proposed privatization of the
DMV information systems management function as an unfair management practice.”
“Therefore, if you rebut the governor’s proposal, you will win the admiration of all
our members.” (Mary Ford’s email, personal communication, January 30, 2012)
What are the reasons?(Browne & Keeley, 2007, P. 25-35)
Browne & Keeley (2007) place strong emphasis that “Reasons + Conclusion =Argument (p.
26),” and also that argument is not a bad thing as is commonly perceived. It is also stressed that
the best method to determining the true reason(s) is to take a walk in the communicator’s shoes.
In the case of Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012), the reasons I feel
she is opposed to privatization are (1) that it’s illegal and goes against the Pendleton Act of 1883;
5. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 5
(2) it fosters and environment of age discrimination; and, (3) Mary Ford is likely an older
employee herself (which would explain her passion in this argument).
Reasons:
We will ensure your reelection as president of the union - “I (Mary Ford) had lunch
the other day with a group of our members, and everyone was in agreement that if
you (Hector Fuentes) opposed this measure, they would vote for you.” (Mary Ford’s
email, personal communication, January 30, 2012)
Our employees should be commended for doing their jobs well, not punished for it -
“Our members will lose their jobs not because of low productivity or malfeasance but
merely to gain questionable -- and at most marginal -- efficiencies in government
operations.”(Mary Ford’s email, personal communication, January 30, 2012)
It violates law - “This is unfair and violates the merit principle enshrined in the
Pendleton Act of 1883.”(Mary Ford’s email, personal communication, January 30,
2012)
It’s not actually cheaper when you compare apples to apples - “According to a recent
article posted in a prestigious Wall Street newspaper, the additional costs of
overseeing third-party contractors adds 20% of hidden costs to the price of each
government outsourcing contract.” (Mary Ford’s email, personal communication,
January 30, 2012)
Which words or phrases are ambiguous?(Browne & Keeley, 2007, P. 37-52)
6. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 6
Words mean things and perception is key to the delivery of your message, and that is why you
must always exercise caution with what you say and how you say it – if you don’t mean
something, don’t say it! Ambiguity, as Browne & Keeley (2007) point out in book, refers to the
English language having duplicative meanings for many words. Ambiguity can be intentional,
such as is the case of the United States Constitution, or unintentional and without malice.
“Critical Thinking” forces us to remove ambiguity by searching only for words or statements that
support your acceptance of the author’s conclusion. Within the context of Mary Ford’s (personal
communication, January 30, 2012) argument, she does not leave much ambiguity aside from her
lackluster statistics and improperly referenced facts. She clearly states that voting for
privatization is wrong in her opinion and that if Hector Fuentes opposes the Governor’s notion
for privatization he will gain the votes of the folks that Mary represents.
What are the value conflicts and assumptions?(Browne & Keeley, 2007, P. 53-69)
When identify the value conflicts and assumptions, Browne & Keeley (2007) instruct us to
search for hidden meanings and/or agendas that make the identified issue and reason no longer
support the conclusion (affects the argument). In the case of Mary Ford’s email (personal
communication, January 30, 2012) an assumption that pops right out at me is that Mary Ford’s
hidden (or not so hidden) agenda is the pledging votes for Hector Fuentes if he opposes the
governor. Mary Ford is likely scared for her job and for the jobs of her peers. She is distrustful
that the government will do what they promise because she has watched her brother go through a
similar hardship and her brother and many of his former colleagues are still unemployed long
after the end state of his situation. However, Mary Ford’s (personal communication, January 30,
2012) personal feelings that form my assumptions do support the same conclusion that she is
7. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 7
defending sharply with facts (I.e., violation of the Pendleton Act of 1883). However, I do not
believe that Mary Ford (personal communication, January 30, 2012) fully understands what the
Pendleton Act of 1883 was nor does she utilize supported facts to defend her belief; and, much of
her argument is hearsay from Wikipedia or other non-official channels. In my opinion, if you
were trying to challenge an appointed official’s notion it would need to be based on cited
material or whitepapers that illustrate your point.
An interesting point that Browne & Keeley (2007) make is that when a person takes a position
on something that is controversial they tend to elevate one of their values higher than another
one. In my opinion, Mary Ford (personal communication, January 30, 2012) is doing just that,
she is elevating the value of protecting the employment and fair treatment of her employees and
herself over the pledged value of all government employees to reduce the frivolous waste of
taxpayer money. This is an example of a “loyalty-honesty” and an “efficiency-social stability”
value conflict, as identify by Browne & Keeley (2007, p. 60-61).
What are the descriptive assumptions?(Browne & Keeley, 2007, P. 71-81)
Browne & Keeley (2007) identify descriptive assumptions as “beliefs about how the world is (p.
71),” whereas prescriptive assumptions are “beliefs about how the world should be (p. 71).”
Mary Ford (personal communication, January 30, 2012) identifies the world as being against her
and that the government will make the promise (prescriptive) to ensure rehire, but will not live
up to this promise (descriptive). In identifying with the writer, it’s clear she (Mary) wants to
protect the employees, and her own interests. Nobody wants to be victim of age discrimination or
losing your job because they tie to family and financial stability – that’s why there are laws
8. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 8
against it in the United States. In identifying with the opposition (Governor Gloria Gainor), the
first thing that comes to mind is reducing fraud, waste, and abuse. If there is a common-sense
approach to reducing the cost to taxpayers, then you can bet that any elected official will
diligently target that opportunity; after all that is how elected persons get into office in the first
place (although I suppose that is a debatable topic here recently).
Are there any fallacies in the reasoning?(Browne & Keeley, 2007, P. 83-102)
Keeley & Brown (2007) argue that fallacies are attempts to trick the reader into buying the
writer’s conclusion. These “fallacies” come in three forms, (1) erroneous or incorrect
assumptions, (2) distracting the reader, and (3) giving supportive reasons that are dependent on
the conclusion being true (p. 84). Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30,
2012) is loaded with fallacies, as a matter of speaking it is the fallacies in the email that make it
most entertaining.
Fallacies identified:
“This proposed privatization is an assault on our union.”(Mary Ford’s email, personal
communication, January 30, 2012)
“It is anti-American.”(Mary Ford’s email, personal communication, January 30, 2012)
“Foreign agents will bid for this privatization contract and accept wages lower than our
members receive.” (Mary Ford’s email, personal communication, January 30, 2012)
“This will set the stage for state government to decrease employee wages in the future.”
(Mary Ford’s email, personal communication, January 30, 2012)
9. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 9
“The governor is just trying to demonstrate that management controls the union.” (Mary
Ford’s email, personal communication, January 30, 2012)
“The governor is a bully.” (Mary Ford’s email, personal communication, January 30,
2012)
“If we allow this to happen in the Department of Motor Vehicles, it will happen in all
departments everywhere.” (Mary Ford’s email, personal communication, January 30,
2012)
“Outsourcing is the cause of the current recession.” (Mary Ford’s email, personal
communication, January 30, 2012)
How good is the evidence?(Browne & Keeley, 2007, P. 103-136)
Browne & Keeley (2007) challenge us to find the evidence behind factual claims and reasons
why you should believe them. It is necessary to separate opinions from facts by identifying the
kind of evidence used to support a speaker’s conclusion. Browne & Keeley (2007) argue that
“intuition, personal experience, testimonials, and appeals to authority” are major categories for
types of evidence and are the first that should be sought out when evaluating an argument (p.
107).
Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012) uses the example of her brother-
in-law, who was in a similar situation last year, and has yet to find employment. She also states
“according to him 80% of the time they (management) don’t keep their promises” (personal
communication, January 30, 2012). In my opinion, these are examples of personal testimony
being used as evidence to support Mary Ford’s conclusion that the president should oppose the
10. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 10
governor’s notion to privatize. Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012)
uses a reference to Wikipedia claiming that privatization is a potential violation of the Pendleton
Act of 1883; and, while that may factual the reference is not credible. Wikipedia is an open
source website that is populated with data from its users, and while the data may be true, it also
may be untrue. Since Wikipedia is not in itself a credible reference and it contains data from
users this is an example of a call to authority type of evidence. What Mary Ford should have
done was find the cited reference that the author who posted the data on Wikipedia used to
substantiate the argument.
In further digging into evidence, Browne & Keeley (2007) argue one must question whether or
not we are encountering any of the “four common kinds of evidence: personal observation,
research studies, case examples, and analogies” (p. 117). Much of Mary Ford’s email (personal
communication, January 30, 2012) falls into the categories of personal observation (and intuition
for that matter) and she is ranting mostly on the basis of what she believes she sees coming.
Mary Ford (personal communication, January 30, 2012) cites in her email “a recent article posted
in a prestigious Wall Street newspaper, the additional costs of overseeing third-party contractors
adds 20% of hidden costs to the price of each government outsourcing contract,” and while this
is arguably her strongest argument, it falls into the categories of personal observation and
reliance on a potentially biased study. Mary Ford’s (personal communication, January 30, 2012)
email is one sided and does not afford the reader the opportunity to see the other side of the story
and the evidence provided is unfounded and not credible.
Are there rival causes?(Browne & Keeley, 2007, P. 137-153)
11. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 11
According to Browne & Keeley (2007), “most communicators will provide you with only their
favored causes; the critical reader or listener must generate rival causes” (p. 141). However, in
the case of Mary Ford’s email(personal communication, January 30, 2012) it seems that she is
attempting to identify rival causes for Hector Fuentes to use in his decision to support or oppose
the Governor’s notion to privatize. She talks about seasoned employees being forced to learn
new tasks, foreigners bidding at lower costs, and the governor’s desire to put her foot forth and
exercise control of the union. All of which appear at the surface to be examples of rival causes
that support Mary’s argument for opposition to the privatization notion. However, an argument
can be made that reducing costs and implementing state-of-the-art equipment would spur the
creation of additional work. It is also possible that the state is drastically behind the public sector
in terms of providing their service and that the newly privatized service will provide superior
information systems management functions to the public.
Are the statistics deceptive?(Browne & Keeley, 2007, P. 155-165)
Unknowable and biased statistics are used throughout Mary Ford’s email (personal
communication, January 30, 2012) and there is a clear attempt to deceive the reader with
statistics. As Keeley & Brown (2007) point out, statistics are one of the most commonly used
kinds of evidence and Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012) makes
good usage of applying statistical data to sway the reader’s opinion toward the conclusion.
Browne & Keeley (2007) instruct us to locate deceptive statistics by finding out as much as
possible about the given statistic (p. 156). The most clear cut case of deceptive statistical usage
in Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012) was her quoting that
12. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 12
oversight of third-party contractors adds 20% in hidden costs. While that may be true, we don’t
know anything about the statistic and are not given any indication of its merit or if the
comparison is apples to apples and applies to the information system management industry.
Additionally, the aforementioned statistic is deceiving in that information is being omitted.
Hence, we do not know what the 20% is based on. I.e., Let’s say that it is proven to be 80% more
cost effective overall to privatize the state’s information systems management function. Even if
you have to factor in an additional 20% to oversee the contractors, you still save the state 60%
versus not privatizing. Additionally, the text (Browne & Keeley, 2007) stresses that speakers will
often use a statistic to prove a point that doesn’t support the argument; and, in following suit with
that claim, Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012) gives the statistic that
management only keep their promises 80% of the time; however, this statistic has nothing to do
with the underlying argument to oppose privatization.
What significant information is omitted?(Browne & Keeley, 2007, P. 167-179)
Throughout Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012), specifically in
section 2.0, there are several examples of omitting information to gain the emotion of the reader.
Browne & Keeley (2007) tell us to ask the question: “Does the author’s career depend in some
manner on a particular conclusion” (p. 171)? In Mary Ford’s case it is most certainly true that the
conclusion has severe long-term ramifications on her career, because if Hector Fuentes sides
with the governor then Mary and her colleagues will be out of a job. Henceforth, it is in the
interest of Mary and those she represents to persuade Hector Fuentes to oppose the notion to
privatize their information systems functions.
13. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 13
Examples of omitted information from Mary Ford’s email of information:
“It is anti-American. (personal communication, January 30, 2012).
o How so? Anti-American how?
o Are we to assume the governor has an ulterior ultimatum that discriminates
against United States citizens?
“Foreign agents will bid for this privatization contract and accept wages lower than our
members receive” (personal communication, January 30, 2012).
o Are we to believe that local or American contractors will be excluded from
bidding or that competition will not be fair?
o Are the current employees overpaid?
“Outsourcing is the cause of the current recession” (personal communication, January 30,
2012).
o Says who?
The state will lose control of information systems and data will be compromised.
What reasonable conclusions are possible?(Browne & Keeley, 2007, P. 181-192)
Browne & Keeley (2007) tell us that when adopting a conclusion it is necessary to ensure it
aligns with your own values and preferences. They also make mention that it is important to
identify alternate conclusions to ensure the proper conclusion is adopted by the reader. In case of
Mary Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012), there are really only two
reasonable conclusions, to vote for or against the governor’s notification of intent to privatize the
information systems management function for the DMV. Although Browne & Keeley (2007)
insist that my aforementioned logical conclusions are a form of dichotomous thinking, in that I
14. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 14
am only seeing a black or white, yes or no, answer. Hector Fuentes’s conclusion from Mary
Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012) will have to be based on the evidence
Mary provides in her email. However, in my opinion the underlying conclusion is a request from
Mary to protect her employees’ jobs and in return they (Mary Ford’s employees) will ensure
Hector stays in office as president of their union.
Conclusion
Walking in Hector Fuentes shoes yields a bit of groundwork left before he can make a formal
response to the governor that adequately represents the view of APEU Local No. 121. As a state
employee and good steward of the taxpayer’s money his value chain should be in accordance
with reducing waste and getting the best “bang for the buck.” In doing that he will need a fact
based, impartial, and apples to apples comparison performed by persons without something to
lose irrespective of the final conclusion. Hector will not get that level of analysis from Mary
Ford’s email (personal communication, January 30, 2012), although throughout her rant she does
bring up very valid points. Unfortunately those points are not properly supported and may be
misrepresented by skewed statistics and personal feelings getting in the way of clear thinking.
What was most interesting about writing this paper was that I felt Hector Fuentes asked Mary
Ford to perform “Critical Thinking” on the topic of whether or not to privatize. As it turns out
the assignment ended up being more of a grading of Mary Ford’s application of critical thinking
and identify how her email can be improved by applying Browne & Keeley’s (2007) Critical
Thinking model. If Mary Ford were fortunate enough to have taken this class, her email would
have likely been much more influential and Hector Fuentes would have been given clear,
15. DMBA610: CRITICAL THINKING INDIVIDUAL PAPER 15
concise, factual data that he could have used to draft an appropriate response to Governor Gloria
Gainor.
References:
Browne, M.N., & Keeley, S.M. (2007) Asking the Right Questions 8th edition Upper Saddle
River, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Browne, Neil M. (2013) OCLC WorldCat Identities. Retrieved from
http://orlabs.oclc.org/identities/lccn-n82-33398/
Keeley, Stuart M. (2013) OCLC WorldCat Identities. Retrieved from
http://orlabs.oclc.org/identities/lccn-n80-105684/