The document discusses five critical nuclear security issues facing the second Obama administration: preventing a nuclear Iran, engagement with North Korea, missile defense cooperation with Russia, redefining the partnership with Pakistan, and maintaining the US nuclear deterrent. On each issue, the document provides background on the challenges and suggests policy priorities, emphasizing diplomacy and cooperation with allies to reduce threats and build confidence.
Arm Race on Korean Peninsula Challanges to US security Concerns.DostanShah
This, research would investigate the arms race on Korean Peninsula and, its drawback on regional and International security concerns. United States is key stockholder in the region as a net security provider to many of South East-North Asian countries after World War –II. The weapons contest on the Korean Peninsula is profoundly testing the United States interests in the region. Secondly, the dictatorial system of North Korea is straightforwardly testing the US by starting enemy of mainland ballistic missile program. As per President Kim, North Korea's atomic and ballistic projects are intended to build up "harmony" with U.S. powers.
Gen. Cone spoke candidly about the need for change in the U.S. Army, noting that it is "terrible bureaucratically" and needs to modernize its training methods. He advocated for developing digital apps and video games to train soldiers, as well as sending more leaders to graduate school. The article also discussed how the Army Expeditionary Warrior Experiment at Fort Benning will test using 4G technology to provide situational awareness and command/control capabilities to ground forces.
Deterrence, Assurance, and North Korean Strategy
Speaker: James E. Platte, Assistant professor with the U.S. Air Force Center for Unconventional Weapons Studies (CUWS) at Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama
ICAS public lecture series videos are posted on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAA67B040B82B8AEF
Experimentul social #NuPonta și ce am învățat din astaJulian Walder
Momentul 16 Noiembrie 2014 rămâne în istorie. Fiecare dintre cei ce l-au trăit îi va atribui însemnătatea în funcție de propriile convingeri și de informațiile pe care le-a recepționat pentru a și le alimenta. Pentru unii, 16 Noiembrie este ziua în care un etnic neamț a devenit președinte al României. Pentru alții, este ziua în care prezența la vot a fost una record. Pentru PSD-iști, este ziua care le-a marcat începutul sfârșitului și doar ei vor avea de dovedit dacă ideologia social-democrată a sfârșitului de secol 20 își va face loc și în secolul 21.
Pentru mine, momentul 16 Noiembrie rămâne în istorie ca o confirmare a faptului că umanitatea intră încet-încet în era conectivității, depășind rapid un preambul numit era informațională. Acest punct de inflexiune este la fel de important ca intrarea in era industrială de la începutul secolului 18. Timp de două sute de ani omenirea a dezvoltat tehnici de leadership, de management, de planificare și de control care au stat la baza celei mai accelerate dezvoltări ale sale. Cu toate acestea, momentul 16 Noiembrie mi-a confirmat ipoteza conform căreia era conectivității necesită un set nou, radical schimbat de astfel de tehnici. Cu cât vom conștientiza mai repede cu toții că planificarea devine experiment, controlul devine autonomie iar secretizarea devine transparență, cu atât vom evita mai repede alte momente penibile din istoria umanității cum ar fi acela în care îi ardeam pe rug pe susținătorii conceptului că Pământul ar fi rotund, nu plat.
Experimentul social #NuPonta a încercat să valideze câteva teorii ale erei conectivității prin care poți gestiona comportamentul unor mari mase de oameni. Turul doi al alegerilor din Noiembrie 2014 a reprezentat o mare provocare socială. Peste aceasta, am adăugat tehnici de gestionare a comportamentului, tehnici de gamificare, ceva teorii ale rețelelor și multă tehnologie. Rezultatul: o comunitate virtuală de peste 12 mii de participanți construită în mai puțin de 2 săptămâni, cu peste 300 voluntari, ambasadori și recrutori dornici să ajute activ la propagarea ideii din spate, prin care am atins peste 1,2 milioane de români.
La Marks, folosim toate aceste teorii pentru a construi programe de loialitate, programe pentru creșterea implicării personalului marilor companii sau pur și simplu pentru fun.
În cele două ore cât a durat prezentarea publică “Experimentul social #NuPonta”, am explicat pe scurt ce tehnici sau tehnologii am folosit și ce concluzii sau învățăminte am putut extrage pe perioada derulării lui. Enjoy!
This document discusses strategies for conditioning animal behavior, specifically how to train seals. It recommends using operant conditioning techniques like positive reinforcement and variable rewards to encourage desired behaviors from seals. When seals perform the wanted behaviors, their trainers should provide feedback and rewards to reinforce those actions, but no feedback should be given for unwanted behaviors. Trainers are advised to focus on establishing "mini-outcomes" like clicks or interactions that predict and lead up to the overall desired behavior. Beginning gently and building trust with positive reinforcement is emphasized over punishment.
The document discusses how businesses can boost sales during the holiday season through specialized campaigns. It recommends knowing customer needs and when key holiday dates fall. Examples of campaigns include contests to refer friends or host a food drive. The document reviews using email, websites, and Facebook posts with incentives to promote campaigns across different channels. It emphasizes planning audience-focused campaigns for the holiday season.
The document discusses creating positive customer relationships through experience. It outlines acquiring customers through email, events, and networking. It then discusses retaining customers using loyalty programs, personalized service, and social media engagement. Finally, it discusses growing customers through email marketing, referrals, reviews, and online reputation. The overall goal is to acquire, retain and grow happy customers through positive experiences.
The document discusses the progress and challenges of fusion energy over the past several decades. It notes that fusion reactions produce large amounts of energy at extremely high temperatures, and international experiments are underway to develop fusion power at an industrial scale, including the ITER project. However, achieving controlled and self-sustaining fusion reactions remains an engineering challenge that will require continued international collaboration on experimental facilities like ITER and future demonstration power plants.
Arm Race on Korean Peninsula Challanges to US security Concerns.DostanShah
This, research would investigate the arms race on Korean Peninsula and, its drawback on regional and International security concerns. United States is key stockholder in the region as a net security provider to many of South East-North Asian countries after World War –II. The weapons contest on the Korean Peninsula is profoundly testing the United States interests in the region. Secondly, the dictatorial system of North Korea is straightforwardly testing the US by starting enemy of mainland ballistic missile program. As per President Kim, North Korea's atomic and ballistic projects are intended to build up "harmony" with U.S. powers.
Gen. Cone spoke candidly about the need for change in the U.S. Army, noting that it is "terrible bureaucratically" and needs to modernize its training methods. He advocated for developing digital apps and video games to train soldiers, as well as sending more leaders to graduate school. The article also discussed how the Army Expeditionary Warrior Experiment at Fort Benning will test using 4G technology to provide situational awareness and command/control capabilities to ground forces.
Deterrence, Assurance, and North Korean Strategy
Speaker: James E. Platte, Assistant professor with the U.S. Air Force Center for Unconventional Weapons Studies (CUWS) at Maxwell Air Force Base in Alabama
ICAS public lecture series videos are posted on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLAA67B040B82B8AEF
Experimentul social #NuPonta și ce am învățat din astaJulian Walder
Momentul 16 Noiembrie 2014 rămâne în istorie. Fiecare dintre cei ce l-au trăit îi va atribui însemnătatea în funcție de propriile convingeri și de informațiile pe care le-a recepționat pentru a și le alimenta. Pentru unii, 16 Noiembrie este ziua în care un etnic neamț a devenit președinte al României. Pentru alții, este ziua în care prezența la vot a fost una record. Pentru PSD-iști, este ziua care le-a marcat începutul sfârșitului și doar ei vor avea de dovedit dacă ideologia social-democrată a sfârșitului de secol 20 își va face loc și în secolul 21.
Pentru mine, momentul 16 Noiembrie rămâne în istorie ca o confirmare a faptului că umanitatea intră încet-încet în era conectivității, depășind rapid un preambul numit era informațională. Acest punct de inflexiune este la fel de important ca intrarea in era industrială de la începutul secolului 18. Timp de două sute de ani omenirea a dezvoltat tehnici de leadership, de management, de planificare și de control care au stat la baza celei mai accelerate dezvoltări ale sale. Cu toate acestea, momentul 16 Noiembrie mi-a confirmat ipoteza conform căreia era conectivității necesită un set nou, radical schimbat de astfel de tehnici. Cu cât vom conștientiza mai repede cu toții că planificarea devine experiment, controlul devine autonomie iar secretizarea devine transparență, cu atât vom evita mai repede alte momente penibile din istoria umanității cum ar fi acela în care îi ardeam pe rug pe susținătorii conceptului că Pământul ar fi rotund, nu plat.
Experimentul social #NuPonta a încercat să valideze câteva teorii ale erei conectivității prin care poți gestiona comportamentul unor mari mase de oameni. Turul doi al alegerilor din Noiembrie 2014 a reprezentat o mare provocare socială. Peste aceasta, am adăugat tehnici de gestionare a comportamentului, tehnici de gamificare, ceva teorii ale rețelelor și multă tehnologie. Rezultatul: o comunitate virtuală de peste 12 mii de participanți construită în mai puțin de 2 săptămâni, cu peste 300 voluntari, ambasadori și recrutori dornici să ajute activ la propagarea ideii din spate, prin care am atins peste 1,2 milioane de români.
La Marks, folosim toate aceste teorii pentru a construi programe de loialitate, programe pentru creșterea implicării personalului marilor companii sau pur și simplu pentru fun.
În cele două ore cât a durat prezentarea publică “Experimentul social #NuPonta”, am explicat pe scurt ce tehnici sau tehnologii am folosit și ce concluzii sau învățăminte am putut extrage pe perioada derulării lui. Enjoy!
This document discusses strategies for conditioning animal behavior, specifically how to train seals. It recommends using operant conditioning techniques like positive reinforcement and variable rewards to encourage desired behaviors from seals. When seals perform the wanted behaviors, their trainers should provide feedback and rewards to reinforce those actions, but no feedback should be given for unwanted behaviors. Trainers are advised to focus on establishing "mini-outcomes" like clicks or interactions that predict and lead up to the overall desired behavior. Beginning gently and building trust with positive reinforcement is emphasized over punishment.
The document discusses how businesses can boost sales during the holiday season through specialized campaigns. It recommends knowing customer needs and when key holiday dates fall. Examples of campaigns include contests to refer friends or host a food drive. The document reviews using email, websites, and Facebook posts with incentives to promote campaigns across different channels. It emphasizes planning audience-focused campaigns for the holiday season.
The document discusses creating positive customer relationships through experience. It outlines acquiring customers through email, events, and networking. It then discusses retaining customers using loyalty programs, personalized service, and social media engagement. Finally, it discusses growing customers through email marketing, referrals, reviews, and online reputation. The overall goal is to acquire, retain and grow happy customers through positive experiences.
The document discusses the progress and challenges of fusion energy over the past several decades. It notes that fusion reactions produce large amounts of energy at extremely high temperatures, and international experiments are underway to develop fusion power at an industrial scale, including the ITER project. However, achieving controlled and self-sustaining fusion reactions remains an engineering challenge that will require continued international collaboration on experimental facilities like ITER and future demonstration power plants.
Climate change poses national security threats according to the military. Rising global temperatures are due to increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere from human activity. The military is concerned about climate change exacerbating instability in several regions of geopolitical importance. It could increase humanitarian needs and threaten military operations through impacts like changing weather patterns, rising sea levels endangering coastal bases, and pressure on resources. The military treats climate change risks seriously and prepares for possible security consequences even with some uncertainty in climate projections.
This document discusses the strategic implications of climate security vulnerability in Africa for the United States. It presents a climate security vulnerability model that analyzes exposure to climate hazards, population density, resilience, and governance factors. The document overlays this analysis with data on U.S. strategic interests like resources, terrorism, and embassies. Case studies of Somalia show how climate factors may have contributed to conflict, famine, terrorism, and piracy. The analysis aims to better understand potential links between climate and security outcomes and implications for U.S. national security interests in Africa.
The Global Security and Defense Index on Climate Change - Preliminary ResultsAmerican Security Project
The American Security Project releases the preliminary results of a new resource on climate change and national security: The Global Security and Defense Index on Climate Change.
The Index analyzes how governments around the world and their militaries plan for and anticipate the strategic threats of climate change.
The project determines to what extent governments around the world consider climate change to be a national or international security threat and how have they enshrined such a concern in their official documents and statements. The project will centralize the varying attitudes of national militaries and security establishments toward climate change in the hopes of providing unique insight into national, regional, and multilateral security approaches to the issue.
The results show that over 70% of the nations in the world view climate change as a serious national security issue.
The armed forces of a variety of countries share this view, with players as surprisingly disparate as China, Kiribati, Rwanda, and Belarus all in agreement on the threat climate change poses. Western, eastern, rich or poor, the consensus on the climate threat seems easily apparent.
The preliminary results of the Defense Index are being released in both Washington D.C. and Seoul, South Korea at the Climate Security Conference in the Asia-Pacific Region to a high level group of ministers and experts.
Going forward, the Index will be published on line so that any one in the world can read and debate how to take this series national security issue forward.
This document outlines a 10-year plan to develop fusion power in the US and argues for increased national commitment and funding. It states that fusion is a clean, unlimited energy source but that the US is falling behind competitors like China and needs $30 billion over 10 years to build new fusion facilities, including a component test facility, to achieve a burning plasma reactor and practical fusion power. This "Apollo program" for fusion is needed for national security and economic leadership in the 21st century.
Threat finance is an enabling factor of crime and terrorism, and therefore, a challenge to both national and international security. The integration of global financial systems, as well as technological innovation and proliferation, has reduced barriers to threat finance and money laundering while making it difficult for authorities to detect or disrupt these illicit operations.
The American Security Project has compiled this presentation to provide an overview of threat finance and the methods used to launder money, as well as measures aimed at countering these activities.
The U.S. military uses over 117 million barrels of oil per year, costing $17.3 billion which accounts for 80% of the federal government's energy use. This level of dependence on petroleum poses both budgetary threats from rising costs and volatility as well as strategic threats as it undermines foreign policy and creates more military missions to protect oil interests. As a result, the Navy and Air Force have set goals to obtain 50% of their fuel from alternative sources like advanced biofuels by 2020 and 2016 respectively if they can be sourced cost-competitively. Developing a cost-competitive advanced biofuel industry has the potential to create a large new market and catalyze economic development, as the
Energy is the lifeblood of a modern economy. How America uses, generates, and produces that energy is decided by a combination of economic and political choices that are made over the span of decades.
The questions the next President will face are more complex and difficult than we have ever faced: climate change, national security, prices, and new technologies all intersect to ensure there are very few “win-win” choices.
Congress and the Administration will have to craft compromises with the goal of ensuring a long-term energy system that is more secure, stable, and sustainable than today’s.
Over the last four years, the United States has seen the beginning of a great change in how it uses and produces energy.
This report lays out clear choices that the next administration faces on energy and climate change. America has made progress in rolling out renewable energy, but an accelerated effort is needed. Also, the next administration will need to make choices on how to manage our new-found abundance of natural gas and oil while at the same time laying the groundwork for next-generation energy technologies that will break our dependence on fossil fuels.
ASP’s report, “Critical Energy Choices for the Next Administration” takes an in-depth look at the serious issues the next administration will need to address.
During the last 30 years, researchers around the world have made great progress towards controlled fusion.
Fusion power is safe and clean, and when commercialized, it will solve the world’s energy problems.
U.S. efforts to secure leadership in energy technology have been crippled for decades by limited investment.
The implications of delay go beyond the loss of American technological leadership, and include major world-wide risk for the loss of control of nuclear material.
Investing resources and effort at an appropriate level for fusion can reestablish American technological preeminence, achieve absolute energy independence, and ensure American prosperity.
America’s national security leaders agree that climate change is a threat to national security, because it will affect global stability and humanitarian crises around the world. However, American policymakers often overlook that the U.S. should lead in climate change adaptation and mitigation because the U.S. homeland is directly threatened by climate change as well.
Climate change will harm America’s infrastructure, agriculture, economy and population; these directly affect America’s homeland and the security of its citizens.
Our country is large and the consequences of warming will vary dramatically across regions and sectors.
Despite the variations in its effects, we must understand its impact on homeland security.
Climate change will exacerbate regional and local tensions in ‘hot-zones’ around the world. In these regions, the impacts of a changing climate will act as an accelerant of instability by multiplying problems like water scarcity, food shortages, and overpopulation.
As a global superpower with military forces deployed around the world, the interests of the U.S. and its allies will be impacted by a changing climate, especially in certain ‘hot-zones’ detailed within this part.
Climate change is real: we see its impacts every day, around the world. A melting Arctic, unprecedented droughts across the world, extreme examples of flooding, and uncontrollable wildfires are all examples of the changing climate.
These present a greater challenge than just new and different weather patterns: it will challenge the world’s security architecture to prepare for and adapt to new security challenges, like disaster response, food security, and water availability.
Climate change poses national security threats according to the military. Rising global temperatures are due to increasing carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere from human activity. The military is concerned about climate change exacerbating instability in several regions of geopolitical importance. It could increase humanitarian needs and threaten military operations through impacts like changing weather patterns, rising sea levels endangering coastal bases, and pressure on resources. The military treats climate change risks seriously and prepares for possible security consequences even with some uncertainty in climate projections.
This document discusses the strategic implications of climate security vulnerability in Africa for the United States. It presents a climate security vulnerability model that analyzes exposure to climate hazards, population density, resilience, and governance factors. The document overlays this analysis with data on U.S. strategic interests like resources, terrorism, and embassies. Case studies of Somalia show how climate factors may have contributed to conflict, famine, terrorism, and piracy. The analysis aims to better understand potential links between climate and security outcomes and implications for U.S. national security interests in Africa.
The Global Security and Defense Index on Climate Change - Preliminary ResultsAmerican Security Project
The American Security Project releases the preliminary results of a new resource on climate change and national security: The Global Security and Defense Index on Climate Change.
The Index analyzes how governments around the world and their militaries plan for and anticipate the strategic threats of climate change.
The project determines to what extent governments around the world consider climate change to be a national or international security threat and how have they enshrined such a concern in their official documents and statements. The project will centralize the varying attitudes of national militaries and security establishments toward climate change in the hopes of providing unique insight into national, regional, and multilateral security approaches to the issue.
The results show that over 70% of the nations in the world view climate change as a serious national security issue.
The armed forces of a variety of countries share this view, with players as surprisingly disparate as China, Kiribati, Rwanda, and Belarus all in agreement on the threat climate change poses. Western, eastern, rich or poor, the consensus on the climate threat seems easily apparent.
The preliminary results of the Defense Index are being released in both Washington D.C. and Seoul, South Korea at the Climate Security Conference in the Asia-Pacific Region to a high level group of ministers and experts.
Going forward, the Index will be published on line so that any one in the world can read and debate how to take this series national security issue forward.
This document outlines a 10-year plan to develop fusion power in the US and argues for increased national commitment and funding. It states that fusion is a clean, unlimited energy source but that the US is falling behind competitors like China and needs $30 billion over 10 years to build new fusion facilities, including a component test facility, to achieve a burning plasma reactor and practical fusion power. This "Apollo program" for fusion is needed for national security and economic leadership in the 21st century.
Threat finance is an enabling factor of crime and terrorism, and therefore, a challenge to both national and international security. The integration of global financial systems, as well as technological innovation and proliferation, has reduced barriers to threat finance and money laundering while making it difficult for authorities to detect or disrupt these illicit operations.
The American Security Project has compiled this presentation to provide an overview of threat finance and the methods used to launder money, as well as measures aimed at countering these activities.
The U.S. military uses over 117 million barrels of oil per year, costing $17.3 billion which accounts for 80% of the federal government's energy use. This level of dependence on petroleum poses both budgetary threats from rising costs and volatility as well as strategic threats as it undermines foreign policy and creates more military missions to protect oil interests. As a result, the Navy and Air Force have set goals to obtain 50% of their fuel from alternative sources like advanced biofuels by 2020 and 2016 respectively if they can be sourced cost-competitively. Developing a cost-competitive advanced biofuel industry has the potential to create a large new market and catalyze economic development, as the
Energy is the lifeblood of a modern economy. How America uses, generates, and produces that energy is decided by a combination of economic and political choices that are made over the span of decades.
The questions the next President will face are more complex and difficult than we have ever faced: climate change, national security, prices, and new technologies all intersect to ensure there are very few “win-win” choices.
Congress and the Administration will have to craft compromises with the goal of ensuring a long-term energy system that is more secure, stable, and sustainable than today’s.
Over the last four years, the United States has seen the beginning of a great change in how it uses and produces energy.
This report lays out clear choices that the next administration faces on energy and climate change. America has made progress in rolling out renewable energy, but an accelerated effort is needed. Also, the next administration will need to make choices on how to manage our new-found abundance of natural gas and oil while at the same time laying the groundwork for next-generation energy technologies that will break our dependence on fossil fuels.
ASP’s report, “Critical Energy Choices for the Next Administration” takes an in-depth look at the serious issues the next administration will need to address.
During the last 30 years, researchers around the world have made great progress towards controlled fusion.
Fusion power is safe and clean, and when commercialized, it will solve the world’s energy problems.
U.S. efforts to secure leadership in energy technology have been crippled for decades by limited investment.
The implications of delay go beyond the loss of American technological leadership, and include major world-wide risk for the loss of control of nuclear material.
Investing resources and effort at an appropriate level for fusion can reestablish American technological preeminence, achieve absolute energy independence, and ensure American prosperity.
America’s national security leaders agree that climate change is a threat to national security, because it will affect global stability and humanitarian crises around the world. However, American policymakers often overlook that the U.S. should lead in climate change adaptation and mitigation because the U.S. homeland is directly threatened by climate change as well.
Climate change will harm America’s infrastructure, agriculture, economy and population; these directly affect America’s homeland and the security of its citizens.
Our country is large and the consequences of warming will vary dramatically across regions and sectors.
Despite the variations in its effects, we must understand its impact on homeland security.
Climate change will exacerbate regional and local tensions in ‘hot-zones’ around the world. In these regions, the impacts of a changing climate will act as an accelerant of instability by multiplying problems like water scarcity, food shortages, and overpopulation.
As a global superpower with military forces deployed around the world, the interests of the U.S. and its allies will be impacted by a changing climate, especially in certain ‘hot-zones’ detailed within this part.
Climate change is real: we see its impacts every day, around the world. A melting Arctic, unprecedented droughts across the world, extreme examples of flooding, and uncontrollable wildfires are all examples of the changing climate.
These present a greater challenge than just new and different weather patterns: it will challenge the world’s security architecture to prepare for and adapt to new security challenges, like disaster response, food security, and water availability.
Critical Nuclear Choices For the Second Obama Administration
1. CRITICAL
NUCLEAR
CHOICES
FOR
THE
SECOND
OBAMA
ADMINISTRATION
Five
Key
Issues
the
United
States
Must
Face
in
Nuclear
Security
2. In
Brief:
• Nuclear
threats
did
not
end
with
the
Cold
War.
Over
the
next
four
years,
the
Obama
administra%on
will
face
cri%cal
choices
on
nuclear
security
challenges.
• The
policies
the
administra%on
pursues
on
Iran,
U.S.
nuclear
strategy,
and
other
issues
will
have
significant
consequences
for
U.S.
na%onal
security.
• PuHng
aside
par%san
rhetoric
and
working
with
both
sides
of
the
aisle
will
be
key
to
developing
policies
that
effec%vely
address
these
cri%cal
nuclear
threats.
Long-‐Term
Challenges
Remain
in
Five
Key
Areas:
• PrevenDng
a
Nuclear
Iran
• North
Korea
–
IsolaDon
or
Engagement?
• Missile
Defense
and
Russia
• Redefining
a
Partnership
with
Pakistan
• The
U.S.
Nuclear
Deterrent
Cri%cal
Nuclear
Choices:
Obama’s
Second
Term
3.
PrevenDng
a
The
State
of
Play:
Iran’s
Nuclear
Program
• U.S.
intelligence
assesses
that
Iran
has
not
yet
made
Nuclear
Iran
•
the
decision
to
pursue
a
nuclear
weapon.
However,
concerns
about
Iran’s
nuclear
program
remain,
par%cularly
over
Iran’s
con%nued
uranium
enrichment
and
past
nuclear
research
at
a
controversial
military
facility.
• Iran
s%ll
refuses
to
address
ongoing
internaDonal
concerns
about
its
past
and
current
nuclear
work.
SancDons
and
NegoDaDons
• SancDons
imposed
by
the
internaDonal
community
have
had
an
effect
on
Iran’s
economy.
• While
a
long-‐term
deal
has
proved
elusive,
experts
and
officials
agree
that
there
is
sDll
Dme
to
negoDate
an
agreement
on
Iran’s
nuclear
program,
perhaps
star%ng
with
interim
confidence-‐building
measures.
Ayatollah
• Another
round
of
talks
between
Iran
and
the
P5+1
is
Ali
Khamenei,
expected
soon.
Supreme
Leader
of
Iran
While
the
military
op;on
should
remain
on
the
table,
at
this
stage
the
diploma9c
route
should
be
pursued.
4. North
Korea’s
Nuclear
Program:
Engaging
North
Korea
A
NaDonal
Security
Challenge
• North
Korea
conducted
nuclear
tests
in
2006
and
2009
and
may
have
enough
fissile
material
for
nine
warheads,
although
North
Korea
likely
lacks
the
technology
to
deploy
a
warhead
on
a
missile.
• A
third
nuclear
test,
which
would
increase
North
Korea’s
certainty
in
its
nuclear
technology,
remains
a
possibility.
• The
North
Korean
nuclear
challenge
requires
a
carefully
calibrated
approach.
• The
U.S.
should
maintain
Northern
denuclearizaDon
as
the
ulDmate
goal
while
consistently
working
toward
accomplishing
more
modest
auxiliary
goals
such
as
regional
economic
coopera%on
and
academic
interac%on.
Modest
confidence
building
measures
are
necessary
to
establish
a
framework
for
engagement.
5. Missile
Defense
In
Search
of
a
Breakthrough
AND
Russia
• U.S.-‐Russia
rela%ons
have
taken
a
downward
turn,
preven%ng
progress
on
key
nuclear
security
issues.
• CooperaDon
on
missile
defense
could
be
the
key
to
breaking
through
the
U.S.-‐Russia
stalemate.
• The
U.S.
is
planning
to
deploy
missile
defense
systems
in
Europe
in
a
four
phases,
each
increasingly
capable.
• Phase
IV,
the
most
advanced,
is
of
par%cular
concern
to
Russia,
which
insists
that
the
U.S.
enter
into
a
legal
guarantees
that
the
missile
defense
shield
is
not
directed
at
Russia.
A
Standard
Missile
3
Block
IB
Interceptor
• The
U.S.
consistently
maintains
that
the
missile
defense
shield
is
directed
at
the
Iranian
and
North
Korean
missile
threats,
not
Russia.
• Legal
guarantees,
which
could
put
U.S.
na%onal
security
interests
at
risk,
are
not
acceptable
for
the
U.S.
But
a
poliDcal
agreement
may
be
possible.
A
poli?cal
agreement
for
U.S.-‐Russia
missile
defense
coopera?on
could
pave
the
way
for
coopera;on
on
other
An
SM-‐3
interceptor
launched
from
an
important
security
issues.
Aegis-‐class
ballis;c
missile
defense
ship
6. Pakistan’s
Nuclear
Program
Engaging
Pakistan
• One
of
the
fastest
growing
nuclear
arsenals,
Pakistan
is
es%mated
to
have
90
to
110
warheads:
• The
threat
from
unauthorized
use
of
a
nuclear
weapon
or
nuclear
prolifera%on
is
great
– Militants
have
successfully
a^acked
suspected
Pakistani
nuclear
facili%es
– Tensions
with
India
make
the
threat
of
nuclear
escala%on
unacceptable
Points
of
Emphasis
• Encourage
Pakistan
to
adopt
the
Addi%onal
Protocol
and
produce
a
formal
nuclear
strategy,
including
a
no-‐first-‐use
policy
toward
all
states
• Encourage
bilateral
trade
with
India
and
confidence
building
measures
U.S.
policy
must
be
explicit
enough
to
establish
clear
goals,
func?onal
enough
to
allocate
necessary
resources,
and
dynamic
enough
to
navigate
the
conflic?ng
regional
forces.
7. 21st
Century
Security
Challenges
U.S.
Nuclear
Strategy
• A_er
the
Cold
War,
the
U.S.
faces
very
different
security
challenges,
including
climate
change
and
•
cyberwar.
The
U.S.
nuclear
arsenal
of
over
5,000
warheads
is
excessive
and
ineffecDve
in
addressing
21st
century
security
threats.
An
Outdated,
Expensive
Nuclear
Strategy
• The
U.S.
is
on
track
to
spend
about
$640
billion
on
nuclear
weapons
and
related
programs
over
the
next
ten
years.
• Unnecessary
nuclear
programs
divert
resources
from
more
important
defense
capabiliDes.
• Elimina%ng
excess
nuclear
programs
will
save
billions
that
can
be
invested
in
necessary
defense
capabili%es.
The
U.S.
is
planning
to
spend
over
$10
billion
to
refurbish
the
B61
nuclear
bomb
(pictured).
About
200
B61s
are
deployed
in
Europe
today
–
more
than
20
years
aQer
the
end
of
the
Cold
War.
UpdaDng
our
nuclear
strategy
will
Credit:
Kelly
Michals,
Flickr
strengthen
U.S.
naDonal
security.
8. FURTHER
READING
From
the
American
Security
Project
CriDcal
Nuclear
Choices
for
the
Next
AdministraDon
October
2012.
h^p://bit.ly/RaPxhW
Significant
Iranian
SancDons
Since
1995
March
2012.
h^p://bit.ly/GUsGBk
Iran
Facts
and
Figures
March
2012.
h^p://bit.ly/zbVsmw
North
Korea’s
Nuclear
Program
August
2012.
h^p://bit.ly/Rpwuzx
U.S.
Missile
Defense
and
European
Security
June
2012.
h^p://bit.ly/Ll65MT
Why
the
U.S.
Cannot
Ignore
Pakistan
September
2012.
h^p://bit.ly/P3xEk2
A
New
Approach
to
Nuclear
Weapons
LtGen.
Dirk
Jameson,
ASP
Consensus
member
April
2012,
h^p://bit.ly/KlYspp
Other
Resources
www.americansecurityproject.org
Weighing
the
Benefits
and
Costs
of
Military
AcDon
Against
Iran
The
Iran
Project,
September
2012.
h^p://bit.ly/Qee0Vf
Made
by
Mary
Kaszynski
and
Mitchell
Freddura
What
Nuclear
Weapons
Cost
Us
(Working
Paper)
Ploughshares
Fund,
September
2012.
h^p://bit.ly/TqMtA7