Criminal Case Processing Criminal case processing often is d.docx
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Criminal Case Processing Criminal case processing often is described as a funnel or a sieve. The funnel captures the notion that fewer and fewer cases proceed deep into the criminal process. The sieve conveys the idea that at every stage, cases drop out of the criminal court process. These metaphors can be misleading because the actual number of cases moving from one stage of the court process to another can vary by the nature of the charge, by jurisdiction, and/or through discretionary decisions made by judges and others. No matter the number of cases that do go through the courts, judges and prosecutors follow the rule of law but also have an enormous amount of discretion in their decision making. Criminal case processing includes numerous players, from professional staff—who keep the courtroom secure and provide judges with information on defendants and the nature of their current and past offenses—to other personnel who provide services to defendants, victims, and their families while the case is being processed. Select either a historical or contemporary high-profile criminal case to use for this Discussion. Focus on aspects of criminal court processing and proceedings, both pretrial- and trial-related, as well as concepts related to these processes and proceedings. Focus on the issues surrounding sentencing and how they relate to the case you selected. Consider how the case you selected moved through the system and where the defining moments of the case took place. Think about your case and review in your mind the various concepts, processes, and proceedings illustrated by the case. Include the name of the case that you selected in the first line of your post. Submit 150 – 500 word response: Due by Thursday 9/24/15 a brief description of the high-profile case you selected, including the court system involved (state or federal). Then explain the procedures that occurred during the court case and why they occurred. Be specific and use examples to illustrate your points. Finally, explain one actual or potential ethical or diversity issue that might have impacted the outcome of the case. Be specific. Support your work with specific citations from the Learning Resources. You are allowed to draw from additional sources to support your explanation, but you must cite using APA standards. All quoted material must be identified, cited, and referenced per APA standards. .
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Assignment Evaluate the equity of due process in the United Sta.docx
Assignment: Evaluate the equity of due process in the United States.
Instructions
The United States judicial systems are based on the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing due process of the law. All court officers, prosecutors, defense attorneys, public defenders, and judges are bound to an oath of office and the code of ethics to obey to the law. Everybody is equal in front of the law. Is this statement still valid?
Create a critical analysis based on the following statements:
The prosecutor evaluates the evidence and facts of a case and decides to prosecute or to
nolle prosequi
the criminal cases. Explain how the “the desire to win” can lead a prosecutor to pursue a case that should be dropped? Provide an example to strengthen your argument.
Most minority offenders are indigent and can’t afford a private defense attorney. Therefore, the court will assign a public defender to represent the defendant. The public defender maintains a heavy workload with minimum budgets.
Does the public defender behave ethically when he or she is pushing plea bargains in most cases or is plea bargaining a violation of a defendant’s rights to due process?
In the prisons and jails, minorities represent most of the population.
Determine if sentencing decisions discriminate against certain groups.
Determine if more whites are sentenced to probation versus minorities, even when they commit the same crime. Support your answer with statistical information.
Indicate if those sentences are unethical, and then determine what can be done to minimize discrimination.
Most of the sentences are retributive, resulting in incarceration. Consider the three ethical frameworks for punishment: 1) utilitarianism, 2) deontology, and 3) peacemaking.
Which framework should serve as the ethical framework for punishment today? Support your decision with an example.
Length: 8 pages
References: Include a minimum of fifteen scholarly resources.
Your essay should demonstrate thoughtful consideration of the ideas and concepts that are presented in the course and provide new thoughts and insights relating directly to this topic. Your response should reflect graduate-level writing and APA standards.
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please list two of the devices provided by the text (or other devices-.docx
please list two of the devices provided by the text (or other devices, if you prefer), state what types of evidence you would look for on those devices, and explain what limitations you might have or what hurdles you would have to clear before searching those devices (BOTH as a company IT professional and a law enforcement officer). Identify what, if any, policies would need to be in place for you to search as a private employee, as well as what limits can be placed on the search by police. Please discuss thoroughly, and respond in a substantive, intelligent way to at least one of your fellow classmates
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The law of evidence also known as the rules of evidence , encompasses the rules and legal principles that govern the proof of facts in a legal proceeding. These rules determine what evidence must or must not be considered by the trier of fact (which might be a judge or a jury) in reaching its decision and, sometimes, the weight that may be given to that evidence. The law of evidence is also concerned with the quantum (amount), quality, and type of proof needed to prevail in litigation. The rules vary depending upon whether the venue is a criminal court, civil court, or family court, and they vary by jurisdiction.
The quantum of evidence is the amount of evidence needed; the quality of proof is how reliable such evidence should be considered. Important rules that govern admissibility concern hearsay, authentication, relevance, privilege, witnesses, opinions, expert testimony,identification and rules of physical evidence. There are various standards of evidence or standards showing how strong the evidence must be to meet the legal burden of proof in a given situation, ranging from reasonable suspicion to preponderance of the evidence, clear and convincing evidence, or beyond a reasonable doubt.
There are several types of evidence, depending on the form or source. Evidence governs the use of testimony (e.g., oral or written statements, such as an affidavit), exhibits (e.g., physical objects), documentary material, or demonstrative evidence, which are admissible (i.e., allowed to be considered by the trier of fact, such as jury) in a judicial or administrative proceeding (e.g., a court of law).
When a dispute, whether relating to a civil or criminal matter, reaches the court there will always be a number of issues which one party will have to prove in order to persuade the court to find in his or her favour. The law must ensure certain guidelines are set out in order to ensure that evidence presented to the court can be regarded as trustworthy.
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Assignment 2 Courts, Prosecution, and the DefenseDue Week 7.docx
Assignment 2: Courts, Prosecution, and the Defense
Due Week 7 and worth 110 points
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for the interpretation and application of law when crimes are committed, They exert some of their greatest influence when it involves due process under the law. The due process model argues that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of crime. This perspective is demonstrated through the courts’ involvement with the police in controlling search and seizure and interrogation, protecting the rights of the accused, in cases like
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Criminologist Herbert Packer’s assembly line concept finds that although there are many people who commit crime and are arrested and charged, only about 21 adults are incarcerated for every 1000 serious crimes committed. Additionally, 80 percent of all felony cases and over 90 percent of misdemeanors are settled without trial.
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Should illegally seized evidence be excluded from trial, even though it is conclusive proof of a person’s criminal acts?
Use your textbook and at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Explain the development of American courts and illustrate the concept of the dual-court system.
Distinguish between the various courtroom participants and describe the stages in a criminal
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Due Week 7 and worth 110 pointsThe courts have one of the mo.docx
Due Week 7 and worth 110 points
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for the interpretation and application of law when crimes are committed, They exert some of their greatest influence when it involves due process under the law. The due process model argues that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of crime. This perspective is demonstrated through the courts’ involvement with the police in controlling search and seizure and interrogation, protecting the rights of the accused, in cases like
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Criminologist Herbert Packer’s assembly line concept finds that although there are many people who commit crime and are arrested and charged, only about 21 adults are incarcerated for every 1000 serious crimes committed. Additionally, 80 percent of all felony cases and over 90 percent of misdemeanors are settled without trial.
On the other hand, over time, the Supreme Court has been diminishing the scope of the exclusionary rule. This normally excludes improperly obtained evidence by permitting more exceptions, thus allowing more “improperly obtained evidence” into court. For example, evidence is now admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first obtaining court approval for their search, even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty. This has come to be known as the good faith exception.
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Have criminals been given too many rights by the courts?
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Should illegally seized evidence be excluded from trial, even though it is conclusive proof of a person’s criminal acts?
Use your textbook and at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
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Explain the development of American courts and illustrate the concept of the dual-court system.
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Instructions
The United States judicial systems are based on the Constitution of the United States guaranteeing due process of the law. All court officers, prosecutors, defense attorneys, public defenders, and judges are bound to an oath of office and the code of ethics to obey to the law. Everybody is equal in front of the law. Is this statement still valid?
Create a critical analysis based on the following statements:
The prosecutor evaluates the evidence and facts of a case and decides to prosecute or to
nolle prosequi
the criminal cases. Explain how the “the desire to win” can lead a prosecutor to pursue a case that should be dropped? Provide an example to strengthen your argument.
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Does the public defender behave ethically when he or she is pushing plea bargains in most cases or is plea bargaining a violation of a defendant’s rights to due process?
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Indicate if those sentences are unethical, and then determine what can be done to minimize discrimination.
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please list two of the devices provided by the text (or other devices-.docx
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The law of evidence also known as the rules of evidence , encompasses the rules and legal principles that govern the proof of facts in a legal proceeding. These rules determine what evidence must or must not be considered by the trier of fact (which might be a judge or a jury) in reaching its decision and, sometimes, the weight that may be given to that evidence. The law of evidence is also concerned with the quantum (amount), quality, and type of proof needed to prevail in litigation. The rules vary depending upon whether the venue is a criminal court, civil court, or family court, and they vary by jurisdiction.
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Assignment 2 Courts, Prosecution, and the DefenseDue Week 7.docx
Assignment 2: Courts, Prosecution, and the Defense
Due Week 7 and worth 110 points
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for the interpretation and application of law when crimes are committed, They exert some of their greatest influence when it involves due process under the law. The due process model argues that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of crime. This perspective is demonstrated through the courts’ involvement with the police in controlling search and seizure and interrogation, protecting the rights of the accused, in cases like
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and
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Criminologist Herbert Packer’s assembly line concept finds that although there are many people who commit crime and are arrested and charged, only about 21 adults are incarcerated for every 1000 serious crimes committed. Additionally, 80 percent of all felony cases and over 90 percent of misdemeanors are settled without trial.
On the other hand, over time, the Supreme Court has been diminishing the scope of the exclusionary rule. This normally excludes improperly obtained evidence by permitting more exceptions, thus allowing more “improperly obtained evidence” into court. For example, evidence is now admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first obtaining court approval for their search, even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty. This has come to be known as the good faith exception.
Based on your understanding from the readings in chapters 6-8, and keeping in mind the due process and crime control models, write a 2- to 3-page paper in which you discuss:
Have criminals been given too many rights by the courts?
Should courts be more concerned with the rights of victims or the rights of the offenders?
Should illegally seized evidence be excluded from trial, even though it is conclusive proof of a person’s criminal acts?
Use your textbook and at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Explain the development of American courts and illustrate the concept of the dual-court system.
Distinguish between the various courtroom participants and describe the stages in a criminal
.
Due Week 7 and worth 110 pointsThe courts have one of the mo.docx
Due Week 7 and worth 110 points
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for the interpretation and application of law when crimes are committed, They exert some of their greatest influence when it involves due process under the law. The due process model argues that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of crime. This perspective is demonstrated through the courts’ involvement with the police in controlling search and seizure and interrogation, protecting the rights of the accused, in cases like
Miranda v. Arizona
and
Weeks v. United States
. Have concerns over due process and protecting the “allegedly” innocent led to the guilty also being spared, as the crime control model would argue?
Criminologist Herbert Packer’s assembly line concept finds that although there are many people who commit crime and are arrested and charged, only about 21 adults are incarcerated for every 1000 serious crimes committed. Additionally, 80 percent of all felony cases and over 90 percent of misdemeanors are settled without trial.
On the other hand, over time, the Supreme Court has been diminishing the scope of the exclusionary rule. This normally excludes improperly obtained evidence by permitting more exceptions, thus allowing more “improperly obtained evidence” into court. For example, evidence is now admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first obtaining court approval for their search, even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty. This has come to be known as the good faith exception.
Based on your understanding from the readings in chapters 6-8, and keeping in mind the due process and crime control models, write a 2- to 3-page paper in which you discuss:
Have criminals been given too many rights by the courts?
Should courts be more concerned with the rights of victims or the rights of the offenders?
Should illegally seized evidence be excluded from trial, even though it is conclusive proof of a person’s criminal acts?
Use your textbook and at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
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Explain the development of American courts and illustrate the concept of the dual-court system.
Distinguish between the various courtroom participants and describe the stages in a criminal
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Chapter 21 - The Investigator and the Legal System1.docx
Chapter 21 - The Investigator and the Legal System
1
The decisions investigators must make involve a great deal of discretion.
Investigators must consider what may be termed risk factors.
2
Investigators must consider what may be termed risk factors.
Some police officers and criminal investigators are not fully aware of the order in
3
which a trial is conducted because time often prohibits them from attending a
complete trail from beginning to end. Also, witnesses are often sequestered from
the courtroom before and after giving testimony. This very common practice is used
to minimize the possibility that a witness’s testimony might be affected by other
witnesses’ testimony.
The courtroom process begins with the selection and swearing in of a jury. Jury
selection can last a few hours or a few weeks, depending on the selection process
and the nature of the case. The jury panel from whom the jurors in the trial will
eventually be picked is called a venire.
The steps in the trial process include: direct examination, cross-examination,
redirect examination, re-cross examination, the rebuttal, surrebuttal, and closing
arguments.
Evidence can be defined as anything that tends logically to prove or disprove
a fact at issue in a judicial case or controversy.
4
a fact at issue in a judicial case or controversy.
The rules of evidence are designed primarily to keep a jury from hearing or
seeing improper evidence, and the first rule of evidence is designed to set
parameters on the above definition of evidence.
Proof may be defined as the combination of all those facts—of all the evidence—in
5
determining the guilt or innocence of a person accused of a crime.
The pie chart above illustrates how several different pieces of evidence can
be put together in order to constitute proof of guilt.
6
be put together in order to constitute proof of guilt.
The doctrine of judicial notice is an evidentiary shortcut. Judicial notice is designed
7
to speed up the trial and eliminate the necessity of formally proving the truth of a
particular matter when the truth is not in dispute.
Direct Evidence
8
Direct evidence usually is the testimony of witnesses that ties the defendant
directly to the commission of the crime, such as the testimony of an
eyewitness who can positively state that the defendant committed the crime.
Real Evidence
Sometimes referred to as “physical evidence,” real evidence is connected
with the commission of the crime and can be produced in court.
Demonstrative Evidence
Demonstrative, or illustrative, evidence is not identical to real evidence even
though the items introduced are tangible. It consists of maps, diagrams,
sketches, photographs, tape recordings, videotapes, X-rays, and visual tests
and demonstrations produced to assist witnesses in explaining their
testimony.
Circumstantial Evidence
9
It is a myth that one cannot be convicted of a crime solely o.
1 How to Brief a Case Prepared for the Legal S.docx
1
How to Brief a Case
Prepared for the Legal Studies Program
American Public University System
December 2013
Introduction: A case brief is a concise summary of the significance of a case. It is a bit
like a “book report,” but with very special rules! It is a time-honored practice used throughout
the legal profession and law schools. As a teaching tool, the case brief forces the student to
identify and provide a written description of the most important aspects of a case. Legal
precedent, also known as Stare Decisis, is a doctrine which governs much of our legal process.
Under the doctrine, a prior court’s decision serves as “authority” for a subsequent court which
will address the same or similar issue. Therefore, understanding a court’s decision and the
rationale underlying it ---- that is, how the judges arrived at their decision ---- is essential to
the study of law. The case brief serves as a very useful vehicle by means of which to analyze
and understand judicial decisions.
A case brief is a tool by means of which to “capture” or outline the most important
aspects of a case. A case brief is not an invitation to re-write the opinion or to paste together
quotes from the court’s opinion. The brief should be written in your own words, based on your
understanding of the case. Of course, select quotes of the court’s words can be useful, if used
sparingly. A case brief should be concise; it should be no more than 1-2 pages. There are at least
several different methods or models for writing the case brief; these are based on personal
preferences. In the Legal Studies Program, however, the format described here will be used for
all of the case briefs which you are required to write in your courses. By using this uniform
format, you will gain familiarity with the case analysis and brief writing process.
Often, your textbooks will contain synopses of or abbreviated versions of courts’
opinions. When you want to understand a court’s decision, it is essential that you read the entire
opinion, rather than a mere summary. Therefore, the first step in the brief writing process is
always to thoroughly read the entire case. This includes reading any concurring and dissenting
opinions of members of the court. In this regard, be very sure that you are reading the entire
opinion! In some internet based sources, the Syllabus (headnotes/summary) of the opinion is
presented at one link, the majority opinion is presented at another link, etc. You need to read all
portions of the opinion as all of them are relevant to your analysis of the case. For example, if
there are strong dissenting opinions based on key legal points, this could predict what the court
might decide in the future on similar issues.
1. Case Name and Citation: As a header on the first page of your brief, you should state
the name of the case, identify each party’s role in the cas ...
CRM 123 – Case Analysis Instructions Purpose The goals .docx
CRM 123 – Case Analysis Instructions
Purpose
The goals of this assignment are to provide a valuable skill and to assess your ability to comprehend and
apply case law. Reading, briefing, and applying what you are reading in your textbook and learning in the
modules are effective ways to become literate in the process of the U.S. legal system.
Conducting an Analysis
Before making and defending a decision, you must be familiar with the relevant law. For our purposes,
your textbook and course material provide all the legal concepts needed to apply the law to a factual
situation. Once you are familiar with the general content of the chapter, you should be able to recognize
the issue involved in a case and find the legal concepts that will help you decide the case. For your
reference, a sample analysis is provided at the end of this document.
First, you will read the assigned fact patterns (provided via a link in the module). Then, you will complete
an analysis for all fact patterns presented. Each analysis should contain the following:
1. The main issue. Identify and write (in your own words, at least 50% original) the central issue to be
decided. As much as possible, set the issue in legal terms and concepts.
2. Relevant legal concepts quoted from textbook court opinions. Search the assigned chapter for legal
concepts that will help you decide and justify your decision. Once you find the quotations you wish to use,
copy them into the appropriate places in your analysis.
3. Relevant case law quoted from the textbook.
4. Rationale. Write (in your own words, at least 50% original) a complete explanation about how you
used the legal concepts you cited to make a decision about how the case should be resolved.
5. Ruling. Describe (in your own words, at least 50% original) what should happen to the parties involved
as a result of your decision.
Submit your Case Analysis to the Dropbox no later than Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT of the assigned
module. (The Dropbox baskets for these assignments are linked to Turnitin.)
Grading Rubric
Ratings:
Exceptional corresponds to an A (90-100). Performance is outstanding; significantly above the usual
expectations.
Proficient corresponds to a grade of B- to B+ (80-89%). Skills are at the level of expectation.
Basic corresponds to a C- to C+ (70-79%). Skills are acceptable but improvements are needed to meet
expectations well.
Novice corresponds to a D to D+ (60-69%). Performance is weak; the skills are not sufficiently
demonstrated at this time.
0 This criterion is missing or not in evidence.
Criteria
Ratings
0 Novice Basic Proficient Exceptional
Correctly framing the specific legal question
to be decided
12-13 14-15 16-17 18-20
Identifying and quoting relevant material from
the assigned chapter
12-13 14-15 16-17 18-20
Correctly applying the cited legal concepts to
your decision
12-13 14-15 16-17 18-20
The insightful.
Introduction to persuasion and theory of the case
This document provides guidance on developing an effective legal theory of the case. It discusses evaluating the relevant facts and law, confronting weaknesses, and crafting a persuasive narrative that explains why the client should prevail. The legal theory should have a factual and legal framework and emphasize facts favoring the client. An effective theory is tailored to the audience and tells a story using ethos, pathos and logos to convince the reader.
Legal Reasoning & Problem Solving
The document discusses legal reasoning and problem solving techniques for writing effective legal essays. It presents a 4-step method (CLEO) for legal analysis and writing: 1) Identify the claim, 2) Present the applicable law, 3) Evaluate the facts of the problem, and 4) Identify the outcome of the argument. Within each step, it provides guidance on how to structure arguments and effectively analyze problems using techniques like deductive, inductive, and analogical reasoning.
7-1 Discussion Discovery and Judicial EfficiencyAfter reviewing.docx
7-1 Discussion: Discovery and Judicial Efficiency
After reviewing the module resources, consider the following prompt.
The process of discovery allows each side of a court case to “discover” a wide array of information relevant to the legal and factual issues in the case. Discovery can include document requests (requests that the other side produce ledgers, tax returns, medical records, or other items related to the case), interrogatories (written questions to be answered by the litigants or witnesses on the other side), and depositions (questioning a litigant or witness under oath in front of a court reporter who transcribes the questions and answers).
Discovery can be time-consuming and expensive; yet, it can also lead to case settlement after the litigants have a chance to consider all of the evidence and more accurately assess their odds of winning at trial.
In your initial post, describe what you think is the impact on judicial efficiency of allowing for wide-reaching, thorough discovery. Defend your position with examples or detailed explanation. Be sure to address the issue of costs as well as court caseloads. In response to your peers, note where you agree or disagree with their positions, using counter-examples and explanations.
To complete this assignment, review the
Discussion Rubric
document.
.
A COMPREHENSIVE BRIEF / TUTORIALOUTLET DOT COM
This document provides guidance on writing a comprehensive legal brief, including the key elements that should be included. It explains that a brief should include: 1) the title and citation of the case, 2) a summary of the pertinent facts, 3) the legal issues raised, 4) the court's decisions, 5) the court's reasoning, 6) any separate or dissenting opinions, and 7) a historical analysis. For each section, it provides details on what types of information should be included. It emphasizes the importance of properly framing the legal issues and understanding the court's reasoning.
Adversarial and inquisitorial_systems_2
Adversarial and inquisitorial systems of justice have blurred distinctions, but key differences remain. In adversarial systems, parties are responsible for evidence and trials determine truth, while inquisitorial systems have faith in pre-trial processes and greater presumption of guilt. Adversarial systems allow prosecutorial discretion and guilty pleas to avoid trial, whereas inquisitorial systems limit discretion and continue trial processes regardless of accused's wishes. The nature of trials also differs, with adversarial trials having parties call witnesses and cross-examine, while inquisitorial trials are judge-led with fewer evidentiary rules. Victims also have a more recognized role in inquisitorial pre-trial investigations and trials.
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal just.docx
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for the interpretation and application of law when crimes are committed, They exert some of their greatest influence when it involves due process under the law. The due process model argues that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of crime. This perspective is demonstrated through the courts’ involvement with the police in controlling search and seizure and interrogation, protecting the rights of the accused, in cases like
Miranda v. Arizona
and
Weeks v. United States
. Have concerns over due process and protecting the “allegedly” innocent led to the guilty also being spared, as the crime control model would argue?
Criminologist Herbert Packer’s assembly line concept finds that although there are many people who commit crime and are arrested and charged, only about 21 adults are incarcerated for every 1000 serious crimes committed. Additionally, 80 percent of all felony cases and over 90 percent of misdemeanors are settled without trial.
On the other hand, over time, the Supreme Court has been diminishing the scope of the exclusionary rule. This normally excludes improperly obtained evidence by permitting more exceptions, thus allowing more “improperly obtained evidence” into court. For example, evidence is now admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first obtaining court approval for their search, even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty. This has come to be known as the good faith exception.
Based on your understanding from the readings in chapters 6-8, and keeping in mind the due process and crime control models, write a 2- to 3-page paper in which you discuss:
Have criminals been given too many rights by the courts?
Should courts be more concerned with the rights of victims or the rights of the offenders?
Should illegally seized evidence be excluded from trial, even though it is conclusive proof of a person’s criminal acts?
Use your textbook and at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Explain the development of American courts and illustrate the concept of the dual-court system.
Distinguish between the various courtroom participants and describe the stages in a criminal
.
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal .docx
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for the interpretation and application of law when crimes are committed, They exert some of their greatest influence when it involves due process under the law. The due process model argues that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of crime. This perspective is demonstrated through the courts’ involvement with the police in controlling search and seizure and interrogation, protecting the rights of the accused, in cases like
Miranda v. Arizona
and
Weeks v. United States
. Have concerns over due process and protecting the “allegedly” innocent led to the guilty also being spared, as the crime control model would argue?
Criminologist Herbert Packer’s assembly line concept finds that although there are many people who commit crime and are arrested and charged, only about 21 adults are incarcerated for every 1000 serious crimes committed. Additionally, 80 percent of all felony cases and over 90 percent of misdemeanors are settled without trial.
On the other hand, over time, the Supreme Court has been diminishing the scope of the exclusionary rule. This normally excludes improperly obtained evidence by permitting more exceptions, thus allowing more “improperly obtained evidence” into court. For example, evidence is now admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first obtaining court approval for their search, even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty. This has come to be known as the good faith exception.
Based on your understanding from the readings in chapters 6-8, and keeping in mind the due process and crime control models, write a 2- to 3-page paper in which you discuss:
Have criminals been given too many rights by the courts?
Should courts be more concerned with the rights of victims or the rights of the offenders?
Should illegally seized evidence be excluded from trial, even though it is conclusive proof of a person’s criminal acts?
Use your textbook and at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Explain the development of American courts and illustrate the concept of the dual-court system.
Distinguish between the various courtroom participants and describe the stages in a criminal
.
Legal Research and Case Briefing
The document summarizes how to conduct legal research. It discusses primary and secondary legal sources, including cases, statutes, legal periodicals, and treatises. It explains how to read and brief a case, including identifying the key components of a judicial opinion like the facts, issues, holding, and reasoning. The document also discusses keeping current with changes to the law using resources like legal citations, Shepardizing cases, and online legal research.
Cjs 251 cjs251 cjs 251 cjs251 forecasting and strategic planning -uopstudy.com
This document provides an overview of the course CJS 251 Introduction to Criminal Court Systems. It includes the requirements for a research paper proposal due in Week 1, a quiz for Week 1 on key concepts of criminal court systems, an assignment for Week 2 to complete a chart describing the roles of courtroom participants, another quiz for Week 2, an outline assignment for the research paper due in Week 3, the criminal prosecution paper due in Week 4, and a presentation assignment for Week 5 on emerging issues in criminal courts. Students are provided with learning materials and assignments that cover topics such as criminal procedures, elements of crimes, defenses, sentencing, and debates around issues like the death penalty and new technologies.
Libr430 Week1
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information literacy and legal research. It discusses determining the scope of information needed, accessing information effectively, evaluating sources critically, and incorporating information into one's knowledge. It also covers primary vs secondary legal sources, jurisdiction, precedent, and the different types and sources of law in the United States legal system including common law, statutes, regulations, and court decisions.
Explain the 12 steps of the criminal justice process doc 25.docx
The criminal justice
process involves a series of steps that are followed when dealing with a criminal case. While the specific details may vary depending on jurisdiction, here is a general overview of the 12 steps involved in the criminal justice process:
Investigation: The process begins with an investigation conducted by law enforcement agencies. Evidence is gathered, witnesses are interviewed, and the facts of the case are established.
Arrest: If the evidence suggests that a crime has been committed and a specific individual is believed to be responsible, they may be arrested. The person is taken into custody by law enforcement.
Booking: After the arrest, the suspect is taken to a police station or jail for processing. This involves recording their personal information, taking fingerprints and photographs, and conducting a background check.
Initial Appearance: The suspect is brought before a judge for their initial appearance, usually within 48 hours of the arrest. During this hearing, the charges are formally presented, the defendant is informed of their rights, and bail may be set.
Bail: If bail is set, the defendant may have the opportunity to be released from custody by posting bail. This is a financial guarantee to ensure the defendant’s appearance in future court proceedings.
Grand Jury or Preliminary Hearing: In some jurisdictions, a grand jury or preliminary hearing is conducted to determine if there is enough evidence to proceed to trial. This step is not present in all cases and varies depending on the jurisdiction.
Arraignment: The defendant appears in court for the arraignment, where they are formally notified of the charges against them. They enter a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest. If the defendant pleads guilty or no contest, the case may proceed to sentencing. If they plead not guilty, the case moves to the next step.
Discovery and Pre-trial Motions: The prosecution and defense exchange information and evidence through a process known as discovery. Pre-trial motions may also be filed by the defense, challenging the admissibility of evidence or requesting specific legal rulings.
Criminal Justice Essays. Purchase College
To write an effective essay on criminal justice, one must thoroughly research different aspects of the criminal justice system including law enforcement, criminal law, legal procedures, and societal issues. The essay requires a critical analysis of ethical dilemmas in the system, like racial disparities and rehabilitation programs, handled with nuance. The organization of ideas and flow of information throughout the essay is also important. Strong writing skills and the ability to synthesize diverse sources are needed to craft a comprehensive essay that navigates the complexities of the criminal justice system and presents a well-supported argument. Professional writing services can offer assistance for those seeking help on such challenging essays.
How Long Does it Typically Take To Resolve a Sex Crime Case in Los Angeles
How Long Does it Typically Take To Resolve a Sex Crime Case in Los Angeles
what is a mitigation specialist
Terry Lenamon is a Florida Bar certified criminal defense lawyer with over 17 years of experience, specializing in criminal trial law. He has handled 20 first-degree murder trials and eight death penalty cases, gaining national recognition. Lenamon operates the websites deathpenaltyblog.com and floridacapitalresourcecenter.org and can be contacted at terry@lenamonlaw.com.
Judicial OpinionsOverview After the simulation, justices writ.docx
Judicial Opinions
Overview: After the simulation, justices write judicial opinions in reaction to the oral argument, merits briefs, conference, and draft opinions as well as the facts of the case, Constitution, and case law. Justices circulate drafts so they know how their colleagues plan to rule and why, and so they can respond to one another in their final judicial opinion draft.
Instructions: You are a Supreme Court justice preparing an opinion for announcement. Read the case materials: case hypothetical, merits briefs, and judicial opinion drafts of your colleagues, and review your notes from oral argument and conference. Write a majority opinion resolving the major legal question in light of the facts of the case, Constitution, and case law, as well as all case materials: merits briefs, oral argument, and the views of your colleagues (in conference and draft opinions). Opinions must support an argument, refute counterarguments, and respond to attorneys (oral argument and/or merits briefs), and fellow justices (conference and/or draft opinions).
Opinions should contain the following five elements, in the following order:
1. an introductory statement of the nature, procedural posture, and prior result of the case;
2. a statement of the issues to be decided;
3. a statement of the material facts;
4. a discussion of the governing legal principles and resolution of the issues; and
5. the disposition and necessary instructions.
Each of these is developed further below.
Assessment: Complete opinions must support an argument, refute counterarguments, and respond to attorneys (oral argument and/or merits briefs), and fellow justices (conference and/or draft opinions). Strong opinions will be well organized, logically argued, and well supported through reference to and explanation of Supreme Court decisions and legal principles. Assessment rests on how well you make use of, identify, and explain relevant course material. It also rests on staying in character and not diverging from your justice’s political ideology and/or judicial philosophy.
Introduction
The purpose of the Introduction is to orient the reader to the case. It should state briefly what the case is about, the legal subject matter, and the result. It may also cover some or all of the following:
1. The parties: The parties should be identified, if not in the Introduction, then early in the opinion, preferably by name, and names should be used consistently throughout. (The use of legal descriptions, such as “appellant” and “appellee,” tends to be confusing, especially in multi-party cases.)
2. The procedural and jurisdictional status: relevant prior proceedings, and how the case got before the court should be outlined.
Statement of issues
The statement of issues is the cornerstone of the opinion; how the issues are formulated determines which facts are material and what legal principles govern. Judges should not be bound by the attorneys’.
Crime And Punishment Essay Topics.pdf
Crafting an essay on crime and punishment topics presents unique challenges that require comprehensive research and consideration. The topic is broad, necessitating an exploration of criminology, legal systems, sociology, and psychology theories and perspectives. Narrowing the focus to a specific angle like punishment methods or the roots of criminal behavior is crucial. Addressing questions of justice, morality, and ethics surrounding crime and punishment demands a nuanced approach considering opposing views. Researching credible sources, case studies, and real-world examples provides a foundation for arguments while synthesizing information into a coherent narrative with a clear structure poses additional challenges. Writing such an essay is an intellectual endeavor requiring time, dedication, and a commitment to presenting a thorough, well-reason
Court Case Review.docx
The document provides instructions for a case review assignment requiring students to summarize two court cases related to forensic evidence admissibility. Students must select one case from a list involving general admissibility, DNA evidence, or fingerprints. They then research a second past or recent case related to the rules of admissibility from the first case. For both cases, students must summarize the parties, issues, legal arguments, and impact on evidence admissibility. The assignment requires APA formatting and citation, a 3-page limit, and a focus on legal arguments regarding changing admissibility rules over time.
Decision Making in Collegial Courts Please respond to the followi.docx
"Decision Making in Collegial Courts" Please respond to the following:
Describe at least four (4) factors that affect the decision-making process through collegial contact between judges. Provide a rationale for your response.
Describe the effects of the collegial process in forming a judge’s personal opinion on an issue. Suggest at least two (2) effects that power and prestige have on a judge when an outcome of a case is being determined. Provide a rationale for your response.
.
Debate ItAbsorption costing and other methods make it possible.docx
Debate It
Absorption costing and other methods make it possible to manipulate operating income raising some serious ethical concerns.
Construct an argument either for or against the use of absorption costing (or similar methods) in terms of its ethical ramifications.
This is a discussion, I just need a couple of paragraphs.
Cheryl
.
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Chapter 21 - The Investigator and the Legal System1.docx
Chapter 21 - The Investigator and the Legal System
1
The decisions investigators must make involve a great deal of discretion.
Investigators must consider what may be termed risk factors.
2
Investigators must consider what may be termed risk factors.
Some police officers and criminal investigators are not fully aware of the order in
3
which a trial is conducted because time often prohibits them from attending a
complete trail from beginning to end. Also, witnesses are often sequestered from
the courtroom before and after giving testimony. This very common practice is used
to minimize the possibility that a witness’s testimony might be affected by other
witnesses’ testimony.
The courtroom process begins with the selection and swearing in of a jury. Jury
selection can last a few hours or a few weeks, depending on the selection process
and the nature of the case. The jury panel from whom the jurors in the trial will
eventually be picked is called a venire.
The steps in the trial process include: direct examination, cross-examination,
redirect examination, re-cross examination, the rebuttal, surrebuttal, and closing
arguments.
Evidence can be defined as anything that tends logically to prove or disprove
a fact at issue in a judicial case or controversy.
4
a fact at issue in a judicial case or controversy.
The rules of evidence are designed primarily to keep a jury from hearing or
seeing improper evidence, and the first rule of evidence is designed to set
parameters on the above definition of evidence.
Proof may be defined as the combination of all those facts—of all the evidence—in
5
determining the guilt or innocence of a person accused of a crime.
The pie chart above illustrates how several different pieces of evidence can
be put together in order to constitute proof of guilt.
6
be put together in order to constitute proof of guilt.
The doctrine of judicial notice is an evidentiary shortcut. Judicial notice is designed
7
to speed up the trial and eliminate the necessity of formally proving the truth of a
particular matter when the truth is not in dispute.
Direct Evidence
8
Direct evidence usually is the testimony of witnesses that ties the defendant
directly to the commission of the crime, such as the testimony of an
eyewitness who can positively state that the defendant committed the crime.
Real Evidence
Sometimes referred to as “physical evidence,” real evidence is connected
with the commission of the crime and can be produced in court.
Demonstrative Evidence
Demonstrative, or illustrative, evidence is not identical to real evidence even
though the items introduced are tangible. It consists of maps, diagrams,
sketches, photographs, tape recordings, videotapes, X-rays, and visual tests
and demonstrations produced to assist witnesses in explaining their
testimony.
Circumstantial Evidence
9
It is a myth that one cannot be convicted of a crime solely o.
1 How to Brief a Case Prepared for the Legal S.docx
1
How to Brief a Case
Prepared for the Legal Studies Program
American Public University System
December 2013
Introduction: A case brief is a concise summary of the significance of a case. It is a bit
like a “book report,” but with very special rules! It is a time-honored practice used throughout
the legal profession and law schools. As a teaching tool, the case brief forces the student to
identify and provide a written description of the most important aspects of a case. Legal
precedent, also known as Stare Decisis, is a doctrine which governs much of our legal process.
Under the doctrine, a prior court’s decision serves as “authority” for a subsequent court which
will address the same or similar issue. Therefore, understanding a court’s decision and the
rationale underlying it ---- that is, how the judges arrived at their decision ---- is essential to
the study of law. The case brief serves as a very useful vehicle by means of which to analyze
and understand judicial decisions.
A case brief is a tool by means of which to “capture” or outline the most important
aspects of a case. A case brief is not an invitation to re-write the opinion or to paste together
quotes from the court’s opinion. The brief should be written in your own words, based on your
understanding of the case. Of course, select quotes of the court’s words can be useful, if used
sparingly. A case brief should be concise; it should be no more than 1-2 pages. There are at least
several different methods or models for writing the case brief; these are based on personal
preferences. In the Legal Studies Program, however, the format described here will be used for
all of the case briefs which you are required to write in your courses. By using this uniform
format, you will gain familiarity with the case analysis and brief writing process.
Often, your textbooks will contain synopses of or abbreviated versions of courts’
opinions. When you want to understand a court’s decision, it is essential that you read the entire
opinion, rather than a mere summary. Therefore, the first step in the brief writing process is
always to thoroughly read the entire case. This includes reading any concurring and dissenting
opinions of members of the court. In this regard, be very sure that you are reading the entire
opinion! In some internet based sources, the Syllabus (headnotes/summary) of the opinion is
presented at one link, the majority opinion is presented at another link, etc. You need to read all
portions of the opinion as all of them are relevant to your analysis of the case. For example, if
there are strong dissenting opinions based on key legal points, this could predict what the court
might decide in the future on similar issues.
1. Case Name and Citation: As a header on the first page of your brief, you should state
the name of the case, identify each party’s role in the cas ...
CRM 123 – Case Analysis Instructions Purpose The goals .docx
CRM 123 – Case Analysis Instructions
Purpose
The goals of this assignment are to provide a valuable skill and to assess your ability to comprehend and
apply case law. Reading, briefing, and applying what you are reading in your textbook and learning in the
modules are effective ways to become literate in the process of the U.S. legal system.
Conducting an Analysis
Before making and defending a decision, you must be familiar with the relevant law. For our purposes,
your textbook and course material provide all the legal concepts needed to apply the law to a factual
situation. Once you are familiar with the general content of the chapter, you should be able to recognize
the issue involved in a case and find the legal concepts that will help you decide the case. For your
reference, a sample analysis is provided at the end of this document.
First, you will read the assigned fact patterns (provided via a link in the module). Then, you will complete
an analysis for all fact patterns presented. Each analysis should contain the following:
1. The main issue. Identify and write (in your own words, at least 50% original) the central issue to be
decided. As much as possible, set the issue in legal terms and concepts.
2. Relevant legal concepts quoted from textbook court opinions. Search the assigned chapter for legal
concepts that will help you decide and justify your decision. Once you find the quotations you wish to use,
copy them into the appropriate places in your analysis.
3. Relevant case law quoted from the textbook.
4. Rationale. Write (in your own words, at least 50% original) a complete explanation about how you
used the legal concepts you cited to make a decision about how the case should be resolved.
5. Ruling. Describe (in your own words, at least 50% original) what should happen to the parties involved
as a result of your decision.
Submit your Case Analysis to the Dropbox no later than Sunday 11:59 PM EST/EDT of the assigned
module. (The Dropbox baskets for these assignments are linked to Turnitin.)
Grading Rubric
Ratings:
Exceptional corresponds to an A (90-100). Performance is outstanding; significantly above the usual
expectations.
Proficient corresponds to a grade of B- to B+ (80-89%). Skills are at the level of expectation.
Basic corresponds to a C- to C+ (70-79%). Skills are acceptable but improvements are needed to meet
expectations well.
Novice corresponds to a D to D+ (60-69%). Performance is weak; the skills are not sufficiently
demonstrated at this time.
0 This criterion is missing or not in evidence.
Criteria
Ratings
0 Novice Basic Proficient Exceptional
Correctly framing the specific legal question
to be decided
12-13 14-15 16-17 18-20
Identifying and quoting relevant material from
the assigned chapter
12-13 14-15 16-17 18-20
Correctly applying the cited legal concepts to
your decision
12-13 14-15 16-17 18-20
The insightful.
Introduction to persuasion and theory of the case
This document provides guidance on developing an effective legal theory of the case. It discusses evaluating the relevant facts and law, confronting weaknesses, and crafting a persuasive narrative that explains why the client should prevail. The legal theory should have a factual and legal framework and emphasize facts favoring the client. An effective theory is tailored to the audience and tells a story using ethos, pathos and logos to convince the reader.
Legal Reasoning & Problem Solving
The document discusses legal reasoning and problem solving techniques for writing effective legal essays. It presents a 4-step method (CLEO) for legal analysis and writing: 1) Identify the claim, 2) Present the applicable law, 3) Evaluate the facts of the problem, and 4) Identify the outcome of the argument. Within each step, it provides guidance on how to structure arguments and effectively analyze problems using techniques like deductive, inductive, and analogical reasoning.
7-1 Discussion Discovery and Judicial EfficiencyAfter reviewing.docx
7-1 Discussion: Discovery and Judicial Efficiency
After reviewing the module resources, consider the following prompt.
The process of discovery allows each side of a court case to “discover” a wide array of information relevant to the legal and factual issues in the case. Discovery can include document requests (requests that the other side produce ledgers, tax returns, medical records, or other items related to the case), interrogatories (written questions to be answered by the litigants or witnesses on the other side), and depositions (questioning a litigant or witness under oath in front of a court reporter who transcribes the questions and answers).
Discovery can be time-consuming and expensive; yet, it can also lead to case settlement after the litigants have a chance to consider all of the evidence and more accurately assess their odds of winning at trial.
In your initial post, describe what you think is the impact on judicial efficiency of allowing for wide-reaching, thorough discovery. Defend your position with examples or detailed explanation. Be sure to address the issue of costs as well as court caseloads. In response to your peers, note where you agree or disagree with their positions, using counter-examples and explanations.
To complete this assignment, review the
Discussion Rubric
document.
.
A COMPREHENSIVE BRIEF / TUTORIALOUTLET DOT COM
This document provides guidance on writing a comprehensive legal brief, including the key elements that should be included. It explains that a brief should include: 1) the title and citation of the case, 2) a summary of the pertinent facts, 3) the legal issues raised, 4) the court's decisions, 5) the court's reasoning, 6) any separate or dissenting opinions, and 7) a historical analysis. For each section, it provides details on what types of information should be included. It emphasizes the importance of properly framing the legal issues and understanding the court's reasoning.
Adversarial and inquisitorial_systems_2
Adversarial and inquisitorial systems of justice have blurred distinctions, but key differences remain. In adversarial systems, parties are responsible for evidence and trials determine truth, while inquisitorial systems have faith in pre-trial processes and greater presumption of guilt. Adversarial systems allow prosecutorial discretion and guilty pleas to avoid trial, whereas inquisitorial systems limit discretion and continue trial processes regardless of accused's wishes. The nature of trials also differs, with adversarial trials having parties call witnesses and cross-examine, while inquisitorial trials are judge-led with fewer evidentiary rules. Victims also have a more recognized role in inquisitorial pre-trial investigations and trials.
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal just.docx
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for the interpretation and application of law when crimes are committed, They exert some of their greatest influence when it involves due process under the law. The due process model argues that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of crime. This perspective is demonstrated through the courts’ involvement with the police in controlling search and seizure and interrogation, protecting the rights of the accused, in cases like
Miranda v. Arizona
and
Weeks v. United States
. Have concerns over due process and protecting the “allegedly” innocent led to the guilty also being spared, as the crime control model would argue?
Criminologist Herbert Packer’s assembly line concept finds that although there are many people who commit crime and are arrested and charged, only about 21 adults are incarcerated for every 1000 serious crimes committed. Additionally, 80 percent of all felony cases and over 90 percent of misdemeanors are settled without trial.
On the other hand, over time, the Supreme Court has been diminishing the scope of the exclusionary rule. This normally excludes improperly obtained evidence by permitting more exceptions, thus allowing more “improperly obtained evidence” into court. For example, evidence is now admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first obtaining court approval for their search, even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty. This has come to be known as the good faith exception.
Based on your understanding from the readings in chapters 6-8, and keeping in mind the due process and crime control models, write a 2- to 3-page paper in which you discuss:
Have criminals been given too many rights by the courts?
Should courts be more concerned with the rights of victims or the rights of the offenders?
Should illegally seized evidence be excluded from trial, even though it is conclusive proof of a person’s criminal acts?
Use your textbook and at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Explain the development of American courts and illustrate the concept of the dual-court system.
Distinguish between the various courtroom participants and describe the stages in a criminal
.
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal .docx
The courts have one of the most important roles in the criminal justice system. They are responsible for the interpretation and application of law when crimes are committed, They exert some of their greatest influence when it involves due process under the law. The due process model argues that the greatest concern of the justice system should be providing fair and equitable treatment to those accused of crime. This perspective is demonstrated through the courts’ involvement with the police in controlling search and seizure and interrogation, protecting the rights of the accused, in cases like
Miranda v. Arizona
and
Weeks v. United States
. Have concerns over due process and protecting the “allegedly” innocent led to the guilty also being spared, as the crime control model would argue?
Criminologist Herbert Packer’s assembly line concept finds that although there are many people who commit crime and are arrested and charged, only about 21 adults are incarcerated for every 1000 serious crimes committed. Additionally, 80 percent of all felony cases and over 90 percent of misdemeanors are settled without trial.
On the other hand, over time, the Supreme Court has been diminishing the scope of the exclusionary rule. This normally excludes improperly obtained evidence by permitting more exceptions, thus allowing more “improperly obtained evidence” into court. For example, evidence is now admissible in court if the police officers acted in good faith by first obtaining court approval for their search, even if the warrant they received was deficient or faulty. This has come to be known as the good faith exception.
Based on your understanding from the readings in chapters 6-8, and keeping in mind the due process and crime control models, write a 2- to 3-page paper in which you discuss:
Have criminals been given too many rights by the courts?
Should courts be more concerned with the rights of victims or the rights of the offenders?
Should illegally seized evidence be excluded from trial, even though it is conclusive proof of a person’s criminal acts?
Use your textbook and at least two (2) quality resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as quality resources.
The specific course learning outcomes associated with this assignment are:
Explain the development of American courts and illustrate the concept of the dual-court system.
Distinguish between the various courtroom participants and describe the stages in a criminal
.
Legal Research and Case Briefing
The document summarizes how to conduct legal research. It discusses primary and secondary legal sources, including cases, statutes, legal periodicals, and treatises. It explains how to read and brief a case, including identifying the key components of a judicial opinion like the facts, issues, holding, and reasoning. The document also discusses keeping current with changes to the law using resources like legal citations, Shepardizing cases, and online legal research.
Cjs 251 cjs251 cjs 251 cjs251 forecasting and strategic planning -uopstudy.com
This document provides an overview of the course CJS 251 Introduction to Criminal Court Systems. It includes the requirements for a research paper proposal due in Week 1, a quiz for Week 1 on key concepts of criminal court systems, an assignment for Week 2 to complete a chart describing the roles of courtroom participants, another quiz for Week 2, an outline assignment for the research paper due in Week 3, the criminal prosecution paper due in Week 4, and a presentation assignment for Week 5 on emerging issues in criminal courts. Students are provided with learning materials and assignments that cover topics such as criminal procedures, elements of crimes, defenses, sentencing, and debates around issues like the death penalty and new technologies.
Libr430 Week1
This document provides an overview of key concepts in information literacy and legal research. It discusses determining the scope of information needed, accessing information effectively, evaluating sources critically, and incorporating information into one's knowledge. It also covers primary vs secondary legal sources, jurisdiction, precedent, and the different types and sources of law in the United States legal system including common law, statutes, regulations, and court decisions.
Explain the 12 steps of the criminal justice process doc 25.docx
The criminal justice
process involves a series of steps that are followed when dealing with a criminal case. While the specific details may vary depending on jurisdiction, here is a general overview of the 12 steps involved in the criminal justice process:
Investigation: The process begins with an investigation conducted by law enforcement agencies. Evidence is gathered, witnesses are interviewed, and the facts of the case are established.
Arrest: If the evidence suggests that a crime has been committed and a specific individual is believed to be responsible, they may be arrested. The person is taken into custody by law enforcement.
Booking: After the arrest, the suspect is taken to a police station or jail for processing. This involves recording their personal information, taking fingerprints and photographs, and conducting a background check.
Initial Appearance: The suspect is brought before a judge for their initial appearance, usually within 48 hours of the arrest. During this hearing, the charges are formally presented, the defendant is informed of their rights, and bail may be set.
Bail: If bail is set, the defendant may have the opportunity to be released from custody by posting bail. This is a financial guarantee to ensure the defendant’s appearance in future court proceedings.
Grand Jury or Preliminary Hearing: In some jurisdictions, a grand jury or preliminary hearing is conducted to determine if there is enough evidence to proceed to trial. This step is not present in all cases and varies depending on the jurisdiction.
Arraignment: The defendant appears in court for the arraignment, where they are formally notified of the charges against them. They enter a plea of guilty, not guilty, or no contest. If the defendant pleads guilty or no contest, the case may proceed to sentencing. If they plead not guilty, the case moves to the next step.
Discovery and Pre-trial Motions: The prosecution and defense exchange information and evidence through a process known as discovery. Pre-trial motions may also be filed by the defense, challenging the admissibility of evidence or requesting specific legal rulings.
Criminal Justice Essays. Purchase College
To write an effective essay on criminal justice, one must thoroughly research different aspects of the criminal justice system including law enforcement, criminal law, legal procedures, and societal issues. The essay requires a critical analysis of ethical dilemmas in the system, like racial disparities and rehabilitation programs, handled with nuance. The organization of ideas and flow of information throughout the essay is also important. Strong writing skills and the ability to synthesize diverse sources are needed to craft a comprehensive essay that navigates the complexities of the criminal justice system and presents a well-supported argument. Professional writing services can offer assistance for those seeking help on such challenging essays.
How Long Does it Typically Take To Resolve a Sex Crime Case in Los Angeles
How Long Does it Typically Take To Resolve a Sex Crime Case in Los Angeles
what is a mitigation specialist
Terry Lenamon is a Florida Bar certified criminal defense lawyer with over 17 years of experience, specializing in criminal trial law. He has handled 20 first-degree murder trials and eight death penalty cases, gaining national recognition. Lenamon operates the websites deathpenaltyblog.com and floridacapitalresourcecenter.org and can be contacted at terry@lenamonlaw.com.
Judicial OpinionsOverview After the simulation, justices writ.docx
Judicial Opinions
Overview: After the simulation, justices write judicial opinions in reaction to the oral argument, merits briefs, conference, and draft opinions as well as the facts of the case, Constitution, and case law. Justices circulate drafts so they know how their colleagues plan to rule and why, and so they can respond to one another in their final judicial opinion draft.
Instructions: You are a Supreme Court justice preparing an opinion for announcement. Read the case materials: case hypothetical, merits briefs, and judicial opinion drafts of your colleagues, and review your notes from oral argument and conference. Write a majority opinion resolving the major legal question in light of the facts of the case, Constitution, and case law, as well as all case materials: merits briefs, oral argument, and the views of your colleagues (in conference and draft opinions). Opinions must support an argument, refute counterarguments, and respond to attorneys (oral argument and/or merits briefs), and fellow justices (conference and/or draft opinions).
Opinions should contain the following five elements, in the following order:
1. an introductory statement of the nature, procedural posture, and prior result of the case;
2. a statement of the issues to be decided;
3. a statement of the material facts;
4. a discussion of the governing legal principles and resolution of the issues; and
5. the disposition and necessary instructions.
Each of these is developed further below.
Assessment: Complete opinions must support an argument, refute counterarguments, and respond to attorneys (oral argument and/or merits briefs), and fellow justices (conference and/or draft opinions). Strong opinions will be well organized, logically argued, and well supported through reference to and explanation of Supreme Court decisions and legal principles. Assessment rests on how well you make use of, identify, and explain relevant course material. It also rests on staying in character and not diverging from your justice’s political ideology and/or judicial philosophy.
Introduction
The purpose of the Introduction is to orient the reader to the case. It should state briefly what the case is about, the legal subject matter, and the result. It may also cover some or all of the following:
1. The parties: The parties should be identified, if not in the Introduction, then early in the opinion, preferably by name, and names should be used consistently throughout. (The use of legal descriptions, such as “appellant” and “appellee,” tends to be confusing, especially in multi-party cases.)
2. The procedural and jurisdictional status: relevant prior proceedings, and how the case got before the court should be outlined.
Statement of issues
The statement of issues is the cornerstone of the opinion; how the issues are formulated determines which facts are material and what legal principles govern. Judges should not be bound by the attorneys’.
Crime And Punishment Essay Topics.pdf
Crafting an essay on crime and punishment topics presents unique challenges that require comprehensive research and consideration. The topic is broad, necessitating an exploration of criminology, legal systems, sociology, and psychology theories and perspectives. Narrowing the focus to a specific angle like punishment methods or the roots of criminal behavior is crucial. Addressing questions of justice, morality, and ethics surrounding crime and punishment demands a nuanced approach considering opposing views. Researching credible sources, case studies, and real-world examples provides a foundation for arguments while synthesizing information into a coherent narrative with a clear structure poses additional challenges. Writing such an essay is an intellectual endeavor requiring time, dedication, and a commitment to presenting a thorough, well-reason
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The document provides instructions for a case review assignment requiring students to summarize two court cases related to forensic evidence admissibility. Students must select one case from a list involving general admissibility, DNA evidence, or fingerprints. They then research a second past or recent case related to the rules of admissibility from the first case. For both cases, students must summarize the parties, issues, legal arguments, and impact on evidence admissibility. The assignment requires APA formatting and citation, a 3-page limit, and a focus on legal arguments regarding changing admissibility rules over time.
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"Decision Making in Collegial Courts" Please respond to the following:
Describe at least four (4) factors that affect the decision-making process through collegial contact between judges. Provide a rationale for your response.
Describe the effects of the collegial process in forming a judge’s personal opinion on an issue. Suggest at least two (2) effects that power and prestige have on a judge when an outcome of a case is being determined. Provide a rationale for your response.
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Debate ItAbsorption costing and other methods make it possible.docx
Debate It
Absorption costing and other methods make it possible to manipulate operating income raising some serious ethical concerns.
Construct an argument either for or against the use of absorption costing (or similar methods) in terms of its ethical ramifications.
This is a discussion, I just need a couple of paragraphs.
Cheryl
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DB #1, involves your reading Streaming Dreams” (2012). Therein, Joh.docx
DB #1, involves your reading “Streaming Dreams” (2012). Therein, John Seabrook wonders “if there was any danger to the [YouTube] brand, in moving so decisively from the user-generated anarchy of the old YouTube to YouTV, where control and surveillance are centralized in the heart of the Googleplex.” After reading the article, explain what his statement means? [Use about 200 words to answer this question. APA style
I would like to work with someone the whole semester.
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Data Warehouses and Network Infrastructure Please respond to the f.docx
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Imagine that you are an IT organizational leader in a mid-sized company. Comprise a justifiable argument for the use of data warehouses, data centers, and data marts in order to support for business intelligence (BI) within the organizational structure.
Ascertain the need for a robust network infrastructure to support strategic initiatives related to BI within an organization of your choice. Moreover, analyze the main reasons why the network is the key to data needs throughout the organization.
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"Data Warehouses and Network Infrastructure"
Imagine that you are an IT organizational leader in a mid-sized company. Comprise a justifiable argument for the use of data warehouses, data centers, and data marts in order to support for business intelligence (BI) within the organizational structure.
Ascertain the need for a robust network infrastructure to support strategic initiatives related to BI within an organization of your choice. Moreover, analyze the main reasons why the network is the key to data needs throughout the organization.
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Data mining does not stand alone in businesses. It is unusually part of a larger business intelligence initiative. The goal is to uncover hidden patterns. Privacy concerns arise due to data mining techniques and goals. An example is when Google was facing a lawsuit in 2014 for scanning emails sent by students using Apps for Education. The claim was that Google's data mining practices violated the principles for students' educational privacy. This is just one example of many that shows the privacy implications of data mining.
What are some other examples of data-mining privacy violations? What are the possible implications of these violations?
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David Freeman argues in Messy Desk Means Something’s Getting Do.docx
David Freeman argues in
“
Messy Desk Means Something’s Getting Done”, that although we often admire neat-freaks, it's often the disorganized who are the most productive. He says, “About two out three people in the U.S. feel shame or guilt over their messiness, and almost all of us think poorly of messy people and highly of the neat and organized.
”
He continues Sure, most of us are messy, but only moderately so, and we do just fine with it
-
other than feeling bad about it or getting grief from others. Once people start thinking about it, they realize there's often a good side to their messiness. Moderately messy people don't spend two or more hours a day straightening up, the way some of their neatnik friends and colleagues do. Their houses and cubicles feel friendlier, lived in and personalized. They've got the stuff they like at hand. They make serendipitous discoveries when they excavate through their piles. And, surprisingly, they usually know where everything is. Messy people let things spread out and stack up in ways that naturally suit the way they work and think. There's evidence that messy people are more improvisational, maintain more impressive workloads than their neatnik colleagues and reap other benefits from their relaxed sense of organization. *
*Freedman, David H. messy desk means something's getting done. Los Angeles Times 29 Jan. 2007: A20.
In a well-organized essay, discuss Freeman's thesis that messy people are more productive than neat people. Do you agree or disagree? In answering this question, you may want to describe your own organizational habits, and those of people you know. Specific details will probably make your essay more interesting and your argument more persuasive.
1.Need 900-1000 words
2. No grammar errors
3.
Create a Captivating Introduction
4. Have High-Quality Examples
5. Include a Purposeful Conclusion
6. Add Your Own Voice
Create a Captivating Introduction
Create a Captivating Introduction
.
Database RetrievalThe goal of this assignment is to locate and use.docx
Database Retrieval
The goal of this assignment is to locate and use public databases that can be useful for decision making for nursing practice such as management and research.
What percentage lived below poverty in Marion and Scott counties in Indiana during the years of 2009-2013.
What is the name of the program that stores and updates immunization records in Indiana? What is the objective of the program?
What are the 6 goals of the WIC for 2015?
What are the 4 core attributes that illustrates the contents of an effective program listed on the Indiana Commission on Public Health Records website that relate to the electronic health record?
Identify 6 vaccine-preventable diseases.
What is the name of the federally funded program that provides vaccines at no cost to children who are unable to afford them?
What does IHIE stand for? What’s the vision of IHIE? Who are the key healthcare stakeholders supported by IHIE?
Directions to student:
You do not need a title page or separate reference page. Type your answers for each question above, with the answer in red font. You MUST provide the citation and reference within each answer for full credit.
Rubric
Database Retrieval
Database Retrieval
Criteria
Ratings
Pts
1. What percentage lived below poverty in Marion and Scott counties in Indiana during the years of 2009-2013.
2
pts
What is the name of the program that stores and updates Indiana immunization records? What is the objective of the program?
2
pts
3. What are the 6 goals of the WIC for 2015?
2
pts
4. What are the 4 core attributes that illustrates the contents of an effective program listed on the Indiana Commission on Public Health Records website that relate to the electronic health record?
2
pts
5. Identify 6 vaccine-preventable diseases. What is the name of the federally funded program that provides vaccines at no cost to children who are unable to afford them?
2
pts
6. What does IHIE stand for? What’s the vision of IHIE? Who are the key healthcare stakeholders supported by IHIE?
2
pts
Grammar and professional writing (APA)
3
pts
Total Points:
15
.
Data and Information Please respond to the followingAnalyze the.docx
Data and Information" Please respond to the following:
Analyze the types of internal records used to support health care marketing applications and make at least one recommendation for an additional source of data and/or information that would prove useful. Explain your rationale.
From the e-Activity, discuss how you would use the source you found on the Internet to craft a marketing strategy for a health care provider of your choice. Provide specific examples to support your response.
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Data Analysis—Small Group DiscussionAs a nurse engaged in evidence.docx
Data Analysis—Small Group Discussion
As a nurse engaged in evidence-based practice, it is important to recognize how statistics and other data analysis tools are used to generate and assess evidence. Most nurses need only a foundational understanding of statistical tools and terminology to understand the majority of research studies. As a nurse, you should be able to recognize the most commonly used statistical tests, how and when they are used, and how significance is determined.
In this Discussion, you examine different types of statistics and statistical tests, when and why these particular tests would be selected for use, and, most importantly, what the results indicate.
To prepare:
·
Review the information in your assigned chapter (Chapter 23, “Qualitative Data Analysis”)
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2012).
Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
(Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.).
Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
·
Develop a 1-page study sheet that includes the following:
o
The key concepts of the chapter: Focus on the basic concepts that are important for nurses to understand as they review research studies.
Discuss why it is important for nurses to understand the basics of these statistical methods.
o
A description of the statistical methods covered in the chapter, what they measure, and under what circumstances they are used. Identify examples of how the statistical methods have been used in research studies.
o
An explanation of the key statistical tests and how they measure significance (if applicable).
Required Resources
Readings
·
Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2012).
Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice
(Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.).
Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Chapter 23, “Qualitative Data Analysis”
The focus of this chapter is qualitative data analysis, which is more difficult in some ways than quantitative analysis, because there are not specific tests that can be used. Instead, much of the analysis is based on the researcher’s ability to identify patterns of behavior or similarities in events. Suggestions are provided for analysis of each of the major types of qualitative studies and how to document findings.
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Darr writes, To transform the organization so that its culture is .docx
Darr writes, " To transform the organization so that its culture is a living reflection of values that facilitate the mission and vision, management must know what values are present in the culture" (2011, p. 56).
Reference:
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Create a hypothetical organizational philosophy statement. Include a mission statement, vision statement, and core principles/values.
Assignments are to be a minimum of 2 full pages of text and 3 reputable references in proper APA format. .
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Cyberwarfare has been in the mainstream discussion of cybersecurity journals and conference proceedings for a few years. The Stuxnet attack has caused many politicians and security professionals to have increased concern for future cybersecurity. Attached to this project is an IEEE journal article that you need to read, analyze, and write your own paper to express your reaction on this important cybersecurity topic. You should also refer to at least three other outside sources to complete and support your paper.
Your paper should include at a minimum:
Introduction
Technical analysis of the paper topic, content, implications, and conclusions.
Your reflection on the paper
Make your case in the defensive and offensive Cyberware strategy
Recommendation to prevent future Cyberware attacks as Stuxnet
A list of references
APA style of writing
5-10 page
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Cut and paste a chart from the web explaining the trade balance between the U.S. and China. Using the chart, analyze who you think is benefiting more from the perspectives of the realist, liberal, Marxist, feminist, peace studies, and diaspora schools of thought.
write no more than two pages. do not plagiarize.
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CW 1 Car Industry and AIby Victoria StephensonSubmission.docx
CW 1 Car Industry and AI
by Victoria Stephenson
Submission date: 03-Jan-2020 12:53PM (UTC+0000)
Submission ID: 1239134764
File name: 14900_Victoria_Stephenson_CW_1_Car_Industry_and_AI_278016_1651532176.docx (39.1K)
Word count: 2448
Character count: 13114
Overall structure looks clear, but what is the main focus of paragraph
5?
Non-academic source
Referencing error
Good point /
s
Pt 1. Search method
issue 1
This is not the title of the article - it is 'Driving Tests Coming for Autonomous Cars'. Make sure your referencing
is accurate.
Pt 1. Search method
issue
This article does not come up on a Google Scholar
search.
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QM
QM
FINAL GRADE
60/100
CW 1 Car Industry and AI
GRADEMARK REPORT
GENERAL COMMENTS
Instructor
Source Selection: 6 (One merit criteria met; two of the
sources are less academic)
Source Evaluation and Use of Sources: 7 (Both Merit
criteria met)
Processing Text: 6.5 (mid-mark) One Distinction criteria
met - main points are all clear, support is repetitive /
less clear in places - make sure you give specific
examples / data).
Research and Understanding: 4.5 - mid-mark awarded.
Search methods are unclear / could not be followed.
Conclusions are good and clearly indicate reading has
been undertaken and understood.
24 / 40
PAGE 1
Text Comment. Overall structure looks clear, but what is the main focus of paragraph 5?
PAGE 2
Non-academic source
Remember that your sources must be reliable/trustworthy. This means they should be books,
academic journal articles, or reports from governments or international organisations. Do not use
general websites as primary sources.
Referencing error
QM
QM
QM
QM
QM
QM
QM
Check the guidelines on the cover page of this submission template to make sure you have
formatted the reference accurately.
Good point / s
Pt 1. Search method issue
You have not explained where you found your source or have used a non-academic search engine.
This is not good practice for academic study; please use either Google Scholar, StarPlus or the
reference lists of other related academic papers.
Comment 1
Google Scholar would be a better starting point, or you could follow up on research cited in the
website article to make sure that the research is academic and non-biased.
PAGE 3
Text Comment. This is not the title of the article - it is 'Driving Tests Coming for Autonomous
Cars'. Make .
Cybersecurity Organization policy135 words with 2 references per.docx
Cybersecurity Organization policy
135 words with 2 references per question
1-The Role of CSO
The Chief Security Officer (CSO) must set constraints, rules, penalties, and enforcement for security policies. How will this be accomplished in your selected organization (Department of Homeland Security)?
2-
Keeping Policy Current
A general rule is to establish a policy that will be effective for a maximum of five years yet remain current. How can you write a policy to achieve this goal without the policy becoming out of date?
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Currently, most developed countries use a variation of Keyness poli.docx
Currently, most developed countries use a variation of Keynes's policies, allowing a large degree of private business while maintaining strict regulation of certain aspects of the economy through the government. Today's relationship between government and business is thus neither laissez faire nor socialist, but rather a combination of both, essentially what is called a "mixed economy."
Your response should be at least 200 words in length. You are required to use at least your textbook as source material for your response. All sources used, including the textbook, must be referenced; paraphrased and quoted material must have accompanying citations.
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Currents are important in marine ecosystems because they redistribut.docx
Currents are important in marine ecosystems because they redistribute water, heat, nutrients, and oxygen throughout the ocean. Currents also have specific effects on marine life. There are about 20 major ocean currents worldwide.
Respond to the following:
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Choose one specific current and discuss its major attributes including:
Geographical boundaries,
Local effects of the current, and any other interesting information you discover in your research.
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Current Issue Critical Thinking
Read the following excerpt from "Understanding Digital Kids (DKs): Technology & Learning in the New Digital Landscape," an article regarding learning today:
Recently, there were two recent cover stories in Time Magazine: Their conclusion was that children today are different. In fact, based on what we now know from the neurosciences and psychological sciences, what we’re now beginning to understand is that children today are FUNDAMENTALLY different than we are in the way they think, in the way they access, absorb, interpret, process and use information, and in the way they view, interact, and communicate in the modern world because of their experiences with digital technologies. If this is the case, it holds profound implications for all of us personally and professionally (Jukes, 2008, p. 14).
Reflect on this selection and respond to the following questions:
•What are your thoughts on this statement?
•Do you feel today’s learner has a different way of learning than in the past?
Defend your position.
•In your future role, how will you use this information?
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Language Acquisition Resource
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As professionals, you will need to identify and evaluate the resources available to you.
Please spend some time evaluating professional resources linked to language acquisition.
For this discussion, choose a specific language acquisition topic to explore further.
Several examples include our previous topics of bilingualism, communication disorders, language developmental stages, brain research, supportive language acquisition practices, family support of language acquisition, etc.
Write the topic you explored in the subject line of your discussion post.
Then, provide three sources that can be used to learn more about this topic.
Your sources may include a journal article, webpage, video, research, podcast, etc.
Include links where appropriate, and be sure to cite all sources in APA format.
Your 300-350 word post should include the following for each selected source:
•Summary of the resource
•How it supports language acquisition in children
•How you will use it specifically for your future professional role
•An APA-formatted reference of the source so your peers can access and review it
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Complete the following questions in detail. Answer each question with a 1- or 2-paragraph response that includes a reference citation. Make use of Experiencing the World’s Religions and other sources in your research as you complete the questions.
1. Describe the principles of yang and yin.
2. The main scripture in Daoism is the Daodejing (Tao Te Ching). What is the history and importance of this text for the tradition?
3. How are Daoist ideals expressed through art? Offer several examples.
4. What challenges does Daoism face in the modern world?
5. Explain a situation to which following the Daoist principle of wu wei might be beneficial to you or others. In what situation might following the principle of wu wei be harmful in some way?
References:
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DAOISM & CONFUCIANISM
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View of After Life
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