The document is a presentation by SKF Reliability Systems on vibration analysis conducted in Indonesia. It discusses SKF's reliability services, predictive maintenance practices using vibration monitoring, and basic vibration analysis techniques. The presentation covers SKF's network and philosophy, predictive maintenance workflows and measurements, vibration data collection methods, and alarm setting and ISO standards for vibration analysis.
This document discusses laser alignment techniques and applications. It describes different types of misalignment, reasons for performing alignment to extend machine life, and measurement methods like auto sweep technology. Various machine configurations that can be aligned are covered, such as close-coupled, uncoupled, horizontal, vertical, and those with jackshafts. Alignment of typical industrial applications like pumps, fans, and gearboxes is also summarized.
According to ISO 1940/1:
- ISO 1940/1 defines balance quality grades (G values) that represent the maximum permissible vibration caused by unbalance at operating speeds. Lower G values indicate better balance quality requirements.
- Specific unbalance is the product of the rotor's center of gravity displacement and angular velocity. It is measured in units like mm/s.
- Maximum permissible residual unbalance (Uper) is calculated based on factors like specific unbalance, rotor weight, balancing radius, and rotor geometry. Formulas are provided to calculate Uper for general, symmetrical, overhung, and narrow rotors.
Balancing of rigid rotor and balancing of flexible rotor-A ReviewRahul Kshirsagar
The presentation details about types of rigid rotors and flexible rotors used in mechanical systems and experimental method of balancing these rotors to avoid mechanical vibrations.
1) Unbalance, misalignment, looseness and resonance are some of the key machinery faults that cause vibration. Unbalance produces a 1X signal while misalignment produces both 1X and 2X signals.
2) Rolling element bearings produce characteristic frequencies including ball pass frequencies that can indicate inner or outer race damage. Journal bearings are more damped while rolling element bearings produce clearer fault frequencies.
3) Resonance occurs when the machine's operating speed matches its natural frequency, greatly increasing vibration. It requires additional testing like run up/coast down to diagnose.
Vibration analysis is used to identify issues in rotating machinery by analyzing vibration signatures. Common issues that can be identified include unbalance, misalignment, looseness, bearing faults, and resonance. Vibration signals are analyzed in the time, frequency, and phase domains to identify characteristic frequencies, amplitudes, and phase relationships that correspond to different problem sources. Overall vibration levels and narrowband spectrum peaks are monitored over time for trends that may indicate developing issues.
Vibration analysis uses FFT to transform time domain vibration data into the frequency domain spectrum. Key parameters like acceleration, velocity, crest factor, kurtosis, and noise levels are used to monitor rotational forces, impacts/shocks, and friction within machines. Fault frequencies corresponding to machine components like bearings and gears are identified and compared to spectral peaks to diagnose issues. Phase analysis can also identify unbalance or misalignment. Proper data collection and machine parameters like RPM are critical for effective vibration analysis.
The document discusses vibration theory, including definitions of acceleration, velocity, displacement and simple harmonic motion. It describes quantifying vibration amplitude using peak-to-peak, peak, average and RMS levels. It also covers the differences between time and frequency domain analysis and concepts of phase angle measurement in condition monitoring. Condition monitoring strategies aim to focus on critical machinery by defining detectable faults and relevant measurement parameters.
The document is a presentation by SKF Reliability Systems on vibration analysis conducted in Indonesia. It discusses SKF's reliability services, predictive maintenance practices using vibration monitoring, and basic vibration analysis techniques. The presentation covers SKF's network and philosophy, predictive maintenance workflows and measurements, vibration data collection methods, and alarm setting and ISO standards for vibration analysis.
This document discusses laser alignment techniques and applications. It describes different types of misalignment, reasons for performing alignment to extend machine life, and measurement methods like auto sweep technology. Various machine configurations that can be aligned are covered, such as close-coupled, uncoupled, horizontal, vertical, and those with jackshafts. Alignment of typical industrial applications like pumps, fans, and gearboxes is also summarized.
According to ISO 1940/1:
- ISO 1940/1 defines balance quality grades (G values) that represent the maximum permissible vibration caused by unbalance at operating speeds. Lower G values indicate better balance quality requirements.
- Specific unbalance is the product of the rotor's center of gravity displacement and angular velocity. It is measured in units like mm/s.
- Maximum permissible residual unbalance (Uper) is calculated based on factors like specific unbalance, rotor weight, balancing radius, and rotor geometry. Formulas are provided to calculate Uper for general, symmetrical, overhung, and narrow rotors.
Balancing of rigid rotor and balancing of flexible rotor-A ReviewRahul Kshirsagar
The presentation details about types of rigid rotors and flexible rotors used in mechanical systems and experimental method of balancing these rotors to avoid mechanical vibrations.
1) Unbalance, misalignment, looseness and resonance are some of the key machinery faults that cause vibration. Unbalance produces a 1X signal while misalignment produces both 1X and 2X signals.
2) Rolling element bearings produce characteristic frequencies including ball pass frequencies that can indicate inner or outer race damage. Journal bearings are more damped while rolling element bearings produce clearer fault frequencies.
3) Resonance occurs when the machine's operating speed matches its natural frequency, greatly increasing vibration. It requires additional testing like run up/coast down to diagnose.
Vibration analysis is used to identify issues in rotating machinery by analyzing vibration signatures. Common issues that can be identified include unbalance, misalignment, looseness, bearing faults, and resonance. Vibration signals are analyzed in the time, frequency, and phase domains to identify characteristic frequencies, amplitudes, and phase relationships that correspond to different problem sources. Overall vibration levels and narrowband spectrum peaks are monitored over time for trends that may indicate developing issues.
Vibration analysis uses FFT to transform time domain vibration data into the frequency domain spectrum. Key parameters like acceleration, velocity, crest factor, kurtosis, and noise levels are used to monitor rotational forces, impacts/shocks, and friction within machines. Fault frequencies corresponding to machine components like bearings and gears are identified and compared to spectral peaks to diagnose issues. Phase analysis can also identify unbalance or misalignment. Proper data collection and machine parameters like RPM are critical for effective vibration analysis.
The document discusses vibration theory, including definitions of acceleration, velocity, displacement and simple harmonic motion. It describes quantifying vibration amplitude using peak-to-peak, peak, average and RMS levels. It also covers the differences between time and frequency domain analysis and concepts of phase angle measurement in condition monitoring. Condition monitoring strategies aim to focus on critical machinery by defining detectable faults and relevant measurement parameters.
This document discusses advances in fault detection and diagnosis in industry. It covers condition monitoring techniques like vibration analysis, lubricant analysis, and thermography. It discusses the differences between fault, failure, and malfunction and describes fault detection as detecting small faults early through techniques like limit checking and trend analysis. Fault diagnosis involves diagnosing faults in processes, parts, and devices using analytical and heuristic methods. Condition monitoring systems are discussed along with fault detection models using process variables. Data analysis techniques and online enterprise asset management are also covered.
The document discusses various case studies of gearbox diagnosis from different industries using different vibration analysis techniques. These include a misaligned gearbox diagnosed using time waveform analysis showing directional forces, a cracked tooth problem in a cement mill gear diagnosed using high crest factor readings indicating sharp peaks, and a flexible gearbox support structure causing shaft failures diagnosed using operational deflection shapes analysis. The case studies demonstrate the need to use multiple analysis tools to effectively diagnose different types of gearbox faults.
This document provides an overview of orbit plot analysis, which is used to assess the condition of machine bearings and diagnose vibration issues. It explains that orbit plots visualize the motion of a machine shaft using signals from two probes, and may include a phase reference from a keyphasor. Common orbit shapes are described that indicate issues like misalignment, unbalance, oil whirl, rotor rub, and oil whip. The steps to create a spectrum plot from the vibration signal are outlined, and how spectra differ for circular and elliptical orbits. In summary, orbit plot analysis is a vibration analysis technique that visually depicts shaft motion to identify potential machine faults.
1) Vibration is the motion of mechanical parts back and forth from its position of rest. It is caused by an induced force and freedom for movement.
2) Vibration amplitude can be measured as displacement, velocity, or acceleration, with different units providing information about strain, fatigue, and forces.
3) Vibration analysis can detect faults like unbalance, misalignment, bearing defects, and more by examining the ratios of horizontal, vertical, and axial amplitudes and frequency spectrum characteristics.
This document provides information about vibration analysis and monitoring. It defines key vibration terms like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and frequency. It describes common applications of vibration analysis in industries. It explains how vibration analysis can be used to improve reliability by identifying root causes of faults and ensuring machines are properly maintained. The document discusses different methods of vibration data collection, from simple meters to professional analyzers. It provides an example of a vibration case study on a centrifugal fan and highlights the importance of vibration monitoring in preventing machine failures.
Introduction to generalized measurement system, primary sensing element, data conversion element, data transfer element, manipulation element, data presentation element, the functional element of bourdon tube pressure gauge, the functional element of the pressure-actuated thermometer, static characteristics of instruments, dynamic characteristics of instruments
The document discusses various aspects of condition monitoring through vibration analysis. It defines condition monitoring and different types of maintenance. It explains why condition monitoring is important and some key physical parameters that are measured. It then focuses on condition monitoring through vibration analysis, discussing concepts like amplitude, frequency, causes of vibration, and analyzing case studies of different machines. Key points covered include vibration measurement and analysis, identifying issues like unbalance, misalignment, looseness and bearing defects.
Modal analysis determines the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a part or assembly subjected to vibration loads. It calculates the natural frequencies and mode shapes from the stiffness and mass matrices, assuming linear elastic behavior. The results show deformation and stress as scaled values that should not be considered real. Modal analysis is required before dynamic analysis and helps understand the deformation patterns and critical frequencies under working conditions.
PT Sentra Inti Nusa Energi (Sinergi) is an exclusive agent for Rosen Inspection in Indonesia. They provide integrated corrosion engineering services including inline inspection using smart pigs, corrosion prevention, corrosion assessment, and risk analysis. Their services include geometry surveys, corrosion detection, and data analysis using Rosen's intelligent pigging technology to inspect pipelines for defects. They have experience inspecting various oil and gas pipelines between 3-30 inches in diameter and up to 335km in length.
This document discusses condition monitoring and vibration monitoring of machines. It begins by defining condition monitoring as assessing the state of machinery by measuring parameters over time to detect deterioration and potential failures. Vibration monitoring is then introduced as a common method that involves measuring frequency and amplitude of vibrations to identify issues. The history and types of vibration monitoring systems are reviewed, including periodic offline and continuous online systems. It concludes by outlining steps for establishing a condition monitoring program, such as determining the appropriate system, creating a machinery list, and documenting key machine characteristics.
This document provides an overview of vibrations as a topic in mechanical engineering. It introduces key concepts like degrees of freedom, types of vibrations including free, forced and damped vibrations. Methods for analyzing natural frequencies of vibrations in beams and shafts are presented. The importance of studying vibrations to reduce machine failures and improve process efficiency is discussed. Objectives and outcomes of learning about vibrations are provided.
Vibration Analysis, Emerson Makes it Easy for YouDieter Charle
One of the most powerful tools to deploy reliability centered maintenance are portable vibration measurements. With the new portable vibration analyser of Emerson, portable vibration analysis is now made easier than ever before. By the following slidedeck you'll get an introduction to the basics of vibration analysis and the capabilities of the CSI2140
This document provides an overview of vibration analysis and condition monitoring techniques. It discusses how vibration can be used as a measure of machine health, with overall vibration values and frequency analysis being two key parameters. A variety of tools are available for measuring vibration, including handheld devices, portable systems, and permanent monitoring systems. Different transducer types like acceleration and velocity sensors are suited to different frequency ranges and machine applications. The document also introduces other condition monitoring techniques like displacement analysis, acoustic emission, and provides industry standard reference levels for vibration. Case studies are presented to show how monitoring information can be used for diagnosing issues and determining remaining useful life.
Misalignment in rotating equipment can occur in two types - angular or offset. Angular misalignment produces axial vibration at 1X RPM while offset produces radial vibration at 2X or 3X RPM. Misalignment is characterized by high axial vibration levels at 1, 2, and 3X shaft RPM as well as high radial vibration at these frequencies. The waveform will be repeatable with one or two clear peaks per revolution and a 180 degree phase shift across couplings. If the 2X amplitude is over 50% of 1X, coupling damage can occur, and over 150% requires stopping for correction.
Envelope analysis mechanical vibration kelas 2Ayyub Al Azheem
This document discusses envelope vibration analysis, which is a technique used to study amplitude modulation in machine vibration signals. It involves extracting the envelope or time history of the modulating signal from an amplitude-modulated signal. There are several methods for performing envelope analysis, including complex demodulation and selective envelope detection. Envelope analysis is useful for diagnosing faults in machines that cause amplitude modulation, such as issues in gearboxes, turbines, bearings, and induction motors. It reduces high frequency noise and enables identification of multiple defects by analyzing the periodicity of impacts in the envelope spectrum.
This document discusses vibration monitoring and analysis. It defines vibration as the motion of mechanical parts back and forth from their neutral position, which is caused by induced forces and freedom of movement. Excessive vibration can have harmful effects like increased load on bearings, higher stresses on components, and reduced equipment efficiency. Common problems that cause vibration include unbalance, misalignment, looseness, and defects. Vibration monitoring involves measuring parameters like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and using tools like FFT analysis to identify frequencies associated with faults. Understanding phase and trends in vibration spectra over time helps with condition monitoring and predictive maintenance of machinery.
Field Balancing of Critical Rotating MachinesPraveen Manocha
This document discusses balancing of critical rotating machinery. It begins with fundamentals of vibration measurement and analysis tools. It then differentiates unbalance from other vibration causes through case studies. The document covers theories of static, dynamic, and couple unbalance. It provides examples of unbalance caused by blade loss and rotor rubbing. Additional cases discuss issues like misalignment from swash errors. The document outlines the balancing process and considerations like influence vectors and weight splitting.
Condition monitoring & vibration analysisJai Kishan
Condition monitoring and vibration analysis are used to monitor the health and integrity of machines in a chemical plant. Non-destructive testing techniques like vibration analysis are used to detect issues like unbalance, misalignment, looseness and resonance before they cause breakdowns. The document outlines the various non-destructive testing and condition monitoring activities performed at NFL Bathinda, including scheduled vibration monitoring and analysis of rotating equipment, alignment checks, ultrasonic testing, and more. Specific fault detection methods and vibration signatures that could indicate issues like unbalance, misalignment, looseness, and resonance are also described.
The Schaeffler OriginCheck app allows users to scan data matrix codes directly on bearings or packaging to check authenticity in real time. The app reads the code and immediately informs the user whether the Schaeffler Data Matrix Code is authentic or not. It provides a quick way to verify the origin of Schaeffler bearings using only a smartphone.
This document discusses advances in fault detection and diagnosis in industry. It covers condition monitoring techniques like vibration analysis, lubricant analysis, and thermography. It discusses the differences between fault, failure, and malfunction and describes fault detection as detecting small faults early through techniques like limit checking and trend analysis. Fault diagnosis involves diagnosing faults in processes, parts, and devices using analytical and heuristic methods. Condition monitoring systems are discussed along with fault detection models using process variables. Data analysis techniques and online enterprise asset management are also covered.
The document discusses various case studies of gearbox diagnosis from different industries using different vibration analysis techniques. These include a misaligned gearbox diagnosed using time waveform analysis showing directional forces, a cracked tooth problem in a cement mill gear diagnosed using high crest factor readings indicating sharp peaks, and a flexible gearbox support structure causing shaft failures diagnosed using operational deflection shapes analysis. The case studies demonstrate the need to use multiple analysis tools to effectively diagnose different types of gearbox faults.
This document provides an overview of orbit plot analysis, which is used to assess the condition of machine bearings and diagnose vibration issues. It explains that orbit plots visualize the motion of a machine shaft using signals from two probes, and may include a phase reference from a keyphasor. Common orbit shapes are described that indicate issues like misalignment, unbalance, oil whirl, rotor rub, and oil whip. The steps to create a spectrum plot from the vibration signal are outlined, and how spectra differ for circular and elliptical orbits. In summary, orbit plot analysis is a vibration analysis technique that visually depicts shaft motion to identify potential machine faults.
1) Vibration is the motion of mechanical parts back and forth from its position of rest. It is caused by an induced force and freedom for movement.
2) Vibration amplitude can be measured as displacement, velocity, or acceleration, with different units providing information about strain, fatigue, and forces.
3) Vibration analysis can detect faults like unbalance, misalignment, bearing defects, and more by examining the ratios of horizontal, vertical, and axial amplitudes and frequency spectrum characteristics.
This document provides information about vibration analysis and monitoring. It defines key vibration terms like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and frequency. It describes common applications of vibration analysis in industries. It explains how vibration analysis can be used to improve reliability by identifying root causes of faults and ensuring machines are properly maintained. The document discusses different methods of vibration data collection, from simple meters to professional analyzers. It provides an example of a vibration case study on a centrifugal fan and highlights the importance of vibration monitoring in preventing machine failures.
Introduction to generalized measurement system, primary sensing element, data conversion element, data transfer element, manipulation element, data presentation element, the functional element of bourdon tube pressure gauge, the functional element of the pressure-actuated thermometer, static characteristics of instruments, dynamic characteristics of instruments
The document discusses various aspects of condition monitoring through vibration analysis. It defines condition monitoring and different types of maintenance. It explains why condition monitoring is important and some key physical parameters that are measured. It then focuses on condition monitoring through vibration analysis, discussing concepts like amplitude, frequency, causes of vibration, and analyzing case studies of different machines. Key points covered include vibration measurement and analysis, identifying issues like unbalance, misalignment, looseness and bearing defects.
Modal analysis determines the natural frequencies and mode shapes of a part or assembly subjected to vibration loads. It calculates the natural frequencies and mode shapes from the stiffness and mass matrices, assuming linear elastic behavior. The results show deformation and stress as scaled values that should not be considered real. Modal analysis is required before dynamic analysis and helps understand the deformation patterns and critical frequencies under working conditions.
PT Sentra Inti Nusa Energi (Sinergi) is an exclusive agent for Rosen Inspection in Indonesia. They provide integrated corrosion engineering services including inline inspection using smart pigs, corrosion prevention, corrosion assessment, and risk analysis. Their services include geometry surveys, corrosion detection, and data analysis using Rosen's intelligent pigging technology to inspect pipelines for defects. They have experience inspecting various oil and gas pipelines between 3-30 inches in diameter and up to 335km in length.
This document discusses condition monitoring and vibration monitoring of machines. It begins by defining condition monitoring as assessing the state of machinery by measuring parameters over time to detect deterioration and potential failures. Vibration monitoring is then introduced as a common method that involves measuring frequency and amplitude of vibrations to identify issues. The history and types of vibration monitoring systems are reviewed, including periodic offline and continuous online systems. It concludes by outlining steps for establishing a condition monitoring program, such as determining the appropriate system, creating a machinery list, and documenting key machine characteristics.
This document provides an overview of vibrations as a topic in mechanical engineering. It introduces key concepts like degrees of freedom, types of vibrations including free, forced and damped vibrations. Methods for analyzing natural frequencies of vibrations in beams and shafts are presented. The importance of studying vibrations to reduce machine failures and improve process efficiency is discussed. Objectives and outcomes of learning about vibrations are provided.
Vibration Analysis, Emerson Makes it Easy for YouDieter Charle
One of the most powerful tools to deploy reliability centered maintenance are portable vibration measurements. With the new portable vibration analyser of Emerson, portable vibration analysis is now made easier than ever before. By the following slidedeck you'll get an introduction to the basics of vibration analysis and the capabilities of the CSI2140
This document provides an overview of vibration analysis and condition monitoring techniques. It discusses how vibration can be used as a measure of machine health, with overall vibration values and frequency analysis being two key parameters. A variety of tools are available for measuring vibration, including handheld devices, portable systems, and permanent monitoring systems. Different transducer types like acceleration and velocity sensors are suited to different frequency ranges and machine applications. The document also introduces other condition monitoring techniques like displacement analysis, acoustic emission, and provides industry standard reference levels for vibration. Case studies are presented to show how monitoring information can be used for diagnosing issues and determining remaining useful life.
Misalignment in rotating equipment can occur in two types - angular or offset. Angular misalignment produces axial vibration at 1X RPM while offset produces radial vibration at 2X or 3X RPM. Misalignment is characterized by high axial vibration levels at 1, 2, and 3X shaft RPM as well as high radial vibration at these frequencies. The waveform will be repeatable with one or two clear peaks per revolution and a 180 degree phase shift across couplings. If the 2X amplitude is over 50% of 1X, coupling damage can occur, and over 150% requires stopping for correction.
Envelope analysis mechanical vibration kelas 2Ayyub Al Azheem
This document discusses envelope vibration analysis, which is a technique used to study amplitude modulation in machine vibration signals. It involves extracting the envelope or time history of the modulating signal from an amplitude-modulated signal. There are several methods for performing envelope analysis, including complex demodulation and selective envelope detection. Envelope analysis is useful for diagnosing faults in machines that cause amplitude modulation, such as issues in gearboxes, turbines, bearings, and induction motors. It reduces high frequency noise and enables identification of multiple defects by analyzing the periodicity of impacts in the envelope spectrum.
This document discusses vibration monitoring and analysis. It defines vibration as the motion of mechanical parts back and forth from their neutral position, which is caused by induced forces and freedom of movement. Excessive vibration can have harmful effects like increased load on bearings, higher stresses on components, and reduced equipment efficiency. Common problems that cause vibration include unbalance, misalignment, looseness, and defects. Vibration monitoring involves measuring parameters like displacement, velocity, acceleration, and using tools like FFT analysis to identify frequencies associated with faults. Understanding phase and trends in vibration spectra over time helps with condition monitoring and predictive maintenance of machinery.
Field Balancing of Critical Rotating MachinesPraveen Manocha
This document discusses balancing of critical rotating machinery. It begins with fundamentals of vibration measurement and analysis tools. It then differentiates unbalance from other vibration causes through case studies. The document covers theories of static, dynamic, and couple unbalance. It provides examples of unbalance caused by blade loss and rotor rubbing. Additional cases discuss issues like misalignment from swash errors. The document outlines the balancing process and considerations like influence vectors and weight splitting.
Condition monitoring & vibration analysisJai Kishan
Condition monitoring and vibration analysis are used to monitor the health and integrity of machines in a chemical plant. Non-destructive testing techniques like vibration analysis are used to detect issues like unbalance, misalignment, looseness and resonance before they cause breakdowns. The document outlines the various non-destructive testing and condition monitoring activities performed at NFL Bathinda, including scheduled vibration monitoring and analysis of rotating equipment, alignment checks, ultrasonic testing, and more. Specific fault detection methods and vibration signatures that could indicate issues like unbalance, misalignment, looseness, and resonance are also described.
The Schaeffler OriginCheck app allows users to scan data matrix codes directly on bearings or packaging to check authenticity in real time. The app reads the code and immediately informs the user whether the Schaeffler Data Matrix Code is authentic or not. It provides a quick way to verify the origin of Schaeffler bearings using only a smartphone.
SKF DialSet is a program that helps users accurately set up SKF automatic lubricators for their application by providing the correct settings based on the selected criteria and grease. It also provides an easy way to calculate re-lubrication intervals and grease quantities needed.
The SKF Authenticate app provides clear instructions to photograph a product in one process and automatically submit an authentication request. Dedicated SKF experts then review the submitted information and photos to verify if the product is genuine or counterfeit, and notify the user of the results.