SlideShare a Scribd company logo
1 of 33
Download to read offline
Creare il sangue
artificiale
Buon sangue non mente
ALVISE BERTI, MD, PhD
Trento – March 27, 2024
Tibetan Delek Hospital
Dharamsala, India, 2011
That’s me!
Whole blood donations
per 1000 population
Why do we need artificial blood?
Shortage
Short shelf life
Rare blood group demand Disease transmission
Immunological
incompatibility
Contamination
Red blood cell substitutes
There are NOT red blood cell substitutes licensed in Western world
Agents under investigation:
• Perflourocarbons (PFCs)
• Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs)
• Stem Cell Originated Red Cells
Perflourocarbon-based oxygen carriers
Oxygent
International Research Journal of Pharmacy | 2012
Perftoran
Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers
Nature Biotechnology | 1999 In Practice | 2005
Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication.
Leonardo da Vinci
Manufactured red blood cells ex vivo production
DAY 1
Blood Stem Cells
DAY 18-21
Reticulocytes
Haematologica. Vol. 106 No. 9 (2021): September, 2021
Hematopoietic
Stem Cells
RESTORE (REcovery and survival of
STem Cell Originated REd Cells) trial
Prof. Ash M Toye
University of Bristol
Prof. Dr. Cedric Ghevaert
University of Cambridge
Prof. David Anstee
University of Bristol
RESTORE (REcovery and survival of
STem Cell Originated REd Cells) trial
Group 1
Group 2
6 months
6 months
Phase 1 trial (ongoing)
Platelet substitutes
Agents under investigation:
• Infusible platelets membranes (IPM)
• Thrombospheres
• Lyphilized Human Platlets
• iPSC-derived Platletes
Lyophilized Human Platelets
There are NOT platelet substitutes licensed
Engineered platelets for clinical applications
BLOOD| DECEMBER 1, 2022
Prof. Dr. Koji Eto
University of Kyoto
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)
derived platelets (iPSC-PLTs)
iPLAT1: the first-in-human clinical trial of iPSC derived
platelets as a phase 1 autologous transfusion study
BLOOD| DECEMBER 1, 2022
Prof. Dr. Koji Eto
University of Kyoto
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)
derived platelets (iPSC-PLTs)
Red blood cell and platelet substitutes
ADVANTAGES
• Not relying on donations (no
shortages)
• No contamination and infection
transmission risk
• Reduced immunogenicity (if genome
editing)
• Product quality (highly controlled)
• Increased shelf life?
DISADVANTAGES
• Long production time
• High costs of production
• GMP-grade products
There are NOT red blood cell substitutes licensed in Western world
Immunoglobulins: concept and physiology
Structure of immunoglobulins
NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY | 2019
Immunoglobulin production
Antigen-specific
Antibody diversity
Humoral Immunity: B cell targets
Non-self antigen
Self antigen
Self antigen
Self antigen
Self antigen
Self antigen
Self antigen
Self antigen
Self antigen
The balance of the humoral immunity
No infection
No autoimmunity
Risk of infection
Risk of autoimmunity
Antibody diversity
+
-
Intravenous Immunoglobulins
Pools of polyclonal Immunoglobulins to treat immunologic diseases
Plasma from human donors Separating Igs from plasma Purified Igs
9 months
Antibody generation approaches
Nature Biotechnology | 2020
Antibody generation approaches
Nature Biotechnology | 2020
Polyclonal
Monoclonal
Personalized medicine
Therapeutic Monoclonal Ab for rheumatic diseases
Van Vollenhoven RF. et al. Nat. Rev. Rheumatology | 2011
Therapeutic Monoclonal antibodies for cancers
Nature Review Cancer | 2015
Therapeutic Monoclonal antibodies for COVID19
Taylor PC. et al. Nat. Rev. Immunology | 2021
E.g. tixagevimab,
cilgavimab
CAR-T cell therapies for cancer and beyond cancer
Take-home messages
• La produzione di sangue artificiale necessita ancora di ricerca futura
• Sforzi iniziali per sviluppare PFCs and HBOCs, non in pratica clinica
• In corso trial clinici preliminari per testare eritrociti e piastrine
derivati da cellule staminali
• Non avanzamenti significativi per le immunoglobuline policlonali
• Già in pratica clinica anticorpi monoclonali e cellule CAR-T come
terapia antigene-specifica
alvise.berti@unitn.it

More Related Content

Similar to Creare il sangue artificiale: "buon sangue non mente"

Immunostimolanti
ImmunostimolantiImmunostimolanti
Immunostimolantimaxrox99
 
BIOTECNOLOGIE ROSSE.pptx
BIOTECNOLOGIE ROSSE.pptxBIOTECNOLOGIE ROSSE.pptx
BIOTECNOLOGIE ROSSE.pptxAlissiaPanzera
 
01 ghio eco
01 ghio eco01 ghio eco
01 ghio ecoPahPavia
 
Le biotecnologie in campo medico
Le biotecnologie in campo medicoLe biotecnologie in campo medico
Le biotecnologie in campo medicoLisaGiansante1
 
Cucina in provetta
Cucina in provettaCucina in provetta
Cucina in provettaExplorandom
 
4 antimicrobial stewardship
4 antimicrobial stewardship4 antimicrobial stewardship
4 antimicrobial stewardshipDino Sgarabotto
 
20161105 - M. Toscano, L. Drago - Microbioma. Probiotici. Simbiotici. Stabili...
20161105 - M. Toscano, L. Drago - Microbioma. Probiotici. Simbiotici. Stabili...20161105 - M. Toscano, L. Drago - Microbioma. Probiotici. Simbiotici. Stabili...
20161105 - M. Toscano, L. Drago - Microbioma. Probiotici. Simbiotici. Stabili...Asmallergie
 
Le manovre endoscopiche a rischio di trasmissione infettiva
Le manovre endoscopiche a rischio di trasmissione infettivaLe manovre endoscopiche a rischio di trasmissione infettiva
Le manovre endoscopiche a rischio di trasmissione infettivaAndrea Favara
 
Terapia Genica
Terapia GenicaTerapia Genica
Terapia GenicaGene News
 
Cellule Staminali Del Cordone Ombelicale Biotech Sol
Cellule Staminali Del Cordone Ombelicale   Biotech SolCellule Staminali Del Cordone Ombelicale   Biotech Sol
Cellule Staminali Del Cordone Ombelicale Biotech Solnatpri
 
La Genetica del Benessere - Antonella Gigantesco
La Genetica del Benessere  - Antonella GigantescoLa Genetica del Benessere  - Antonella Gigantesco
La Genetica del Benessere - Antonella GigantescoAntonella Gigantesco
 
Seminario dna 2010
Seminario dna 2010Seminario dna 2010
Seminario dna 2010tanny88
 

Similar to Creare il sangue artificiale: "buon sangue non mente" (15)

Immunostimolanti
ImmunostimolantiImmunostimolanti
Immunostimolanti
 
BIOTECNOLOGIE ROSSE.pptx
BIOTECNOLOGIE ROSSE.pptxBIOTECNOLOGIE ROSSE.pptx
BIOTECNOLOGIE ROSSE.pptx
 
01 ghio eco
01 ghio eco01 ghio eco
01 ghio eco
 
Le biotecnologie in campo medico
Le biotecnologie in campo medicoLe biotecnologie in campo medico
Le biotecnologie in campo medico
 
Cucina in provetta
Cucina in provettaCucina in provetta
Cucina in provetta
 
4 antimicrobial stewardship
4 antimicrobial stewardship4 antimicrobial stewardship
4 antimicrobial stewardship
 
20161105 - M. Toscano, L. Drago - Microbioma. Probiotici. Simbiotici. Stabili...
20161105 - M. Toscano, L. Drago - Microbioma. Probiotici. Simbiotici. Stabili...20161105 - M. Toscano, L. Drago - Microbioma. Probiotici. Simbiotici. Stabili...
20161105 - M. Toscano, L. Drago - Microbioma. Probiotici. Simbiotici. Stabili...
 
4.pathogenicità1
4.pathogenicità14.pathogenicità1
4.pathogenicità1
 
Le manovre endoscopiche a rischio di trasmissione infettiva
Le manovre endoscopiche a rischio di trasmissione infettivaLe manovre endoscopiche a rischio di trasmissione infettiva
Le manovre endoscopiche a rischio di trasmissione infettiva
 
Terapia Genica
Terapia GenicaTerapia Genica
Terapia Genica
 
Cellule Staminali Del Cordone Ombelicale Biotech Sol
Cellule Staminali Del Cordone Ombelicale   Biotech SolCellule Staminali Del Cordone Ombelicale   Biotech Sol
Cellule Staminali Del Cordone Ombelicale Biotech Sol
 
Dottssa Nolli
Dottssa NolliDottssa Nolli
Dottssa Nolli
 
La Genetica del Benessere - Antonella Gigantesco
La Genetica del Benessere  - Antonella GigantescoLa Genetica del Benessere  - Antonella Gigantesco
La Genetica del Benessere - Antonella Gigantesco
 
Biotecnologie
BiotecnologieBiotecnologie
Biotecnologie
 
Seminario dna 2010
Seminario dna 2010Seminario dna 2010
Seminario dna 2010
 

More from Speck&Tech

What should 6G be? - 6G: bridging gaps, connecting futures
What should 6G be? - 6G: bridging gaps, connecting futuresWhat should 6G be? - 6G: bridging gaps, connecting futures
What should 6G be? - 6G: bridging gaps, connecting futuresSpeck&Tech
 
AWS: gestire la scalabilità su larga scala
AWS: gestire la scalabilità su larga scalaAWS: gestire la scalabilità su larga scala
AWS: gestire la scalabilità su larga scalaSpeck&Tech
 
Praticamente... AWS - Amazon Web Services
Praticamente... AWS - Amazon Web ServicesPraticamente... AWS - Amazon Web Services
Praticamente... AWS - Amazon Web ServicesSpeck&Tech
 
Data Sense-making: navigating the world through the lens of information design
Data Sense-making: navigating the world through the lens of information designData Sense-making: navigating the world through the lens of information design
Data Sense-making: navigating the world through the lens of information designSpeck&Tech
 
Data Activism: data as rhetoric, data as power
Data Activism: data as rhetoric, data as powerData Activism: data as rhetoric, data as power
Data Activism: data as rhetoric, data as powerSpeck&Tech
 
Delve into the world of the human microbiome and metagenomics
Delve into the world of the human microbiome and metagenomicsDelve into the world of the human microbiome and metagenomics
Delve into the world of the human microbiome and metagenomicsSpeck&Tech
 
Home4MeAi: un progetto sociale che utilizza dispositivi IoT per sfruttare le ...
Home4MeAi: un progetto sociale che utilizza dispositivi IoT per sfruttare le ...Home4MeAi: un progetto sociale che utilizza dispositivi IoT per sfruttare le ...
Home4MeAi: un progetto sociale che utilizza dispositivi IoT per sfruttare le ...Speck&Tech
 
Monitorare una flotta di autobus: architettura di un progetto di acquisizione...
Monitorare una flotta di autobus: architettura di un progetto di acquisizione...Monitorare una flotta di autobus: architettura di un progetto di acquisizione...
Monitorare una flotta di autobus: architettura di un progetto di acquisizione...Speck&Tech
 
Why LLMs should be handled with care
Why LLMs should be handled with careWhy LLMs should be handled with care
Why LLMs should be handled with careSpeck&Tech
 
Building intelligent applications with Large Language Models
Building intelligent applications with Large Language ModelsBuilding intelligent applications with Large Language Models
Building intelligent applications with Large Language ModelsSpeck&Tech
 
Privacy in the era of quantum computers
Privacy in the era of quantum computersPrivacy in the era of quantum computers
Privacy in the era of quantum computersSpeck&Tech
 
Machine learning with quantum computers
Machine learning with quantum computersMachine learning with quantum computers
Machine learning with quantum computersSpeck&Tech
 
Give your Web App superpowers by using GPUs
Give your Web App superpowers by using GPUsGive your Web App superpowers by using GPUs
Give your Web App superpowers by using GPUsSpeck&Tech
 
From leaf to orbit: exploring forests with technology
From leaf to orbit: exploring forests with technologyFrom leaf to orbit: exploring forests with technology
From leaf to orbit: exploring forests with technologySpeck&Tech
 
Innovating Wood
Innovating WoodInnovating Wood
Innovating WoodSpeck&Tech
 
Behind the scenes of our everyday Internet: the role of an IXP like MIX
Behind the scenes of our everyday Internet: the role of an IXP like MIXBehind the scenes of our everyday Internet: the role of an IXP like MIX
Behind the scenes of our everyday Internet: the role of an IXP like MIXSpeck&Tech
 
Architecting a 35 PB distributed parallel file system for science
Architecting a 35 PB distributed parallel file system for scienceArchitecting a 35 PB distributed parallel file system for science
Architecting a 35 PB distributed parallel file system for scienceSpeck&Tech
 
Truck planning: how to certify the right route
Truck planning: how to certify the right routeTruck planning: how to certify the right route
Truck planning: how to certify the right routeSpeck&Tech
 
Break it up! 5G, cruise control, autonomous vehicle cooperation, and bending ...
Break it up! 5G, cruise control, autonomous vehicle cooperation, and bending ...Break it up! 5G, cruise control, autonomous vehicle cooperation, and bending ...
Break it up! 5G, cruise control, autonomous vehicle cooperation, and bending ...Speck&Tech
 
AI and Space: finally, no more arguing with the GPS
AI and Space: finally, no more arguing with the GPSAI and Space: finally, no more arguing with the GPS
AI and Space: finally, no more arguing with the GPSSpeck&Tech
 

More from Speck&Tech (20)

What should 6G be? - 6G: bridging gaps, connecting futures
What should 6G be? - 6G: bridging gaps, connecting futuresWhat should 6G be? - 6G: bridging gaps, connecting futures
What should 6G be? - 6G: bridging gaps, connecting futures
 
AWS: gestire la scalabilità su larga scala
AWS: gestire la scalabilità su larga scalaAWS: gestire la scalabilità su larga scala
AWS: gestire la scalabilità su larga scala
 
Praticamente... AWS - Amazon Web Services
Praticamente... AWS - Amazon Web ServicesPraticamente... AWS - Amazon Web Services
Praticamente... AWS - Amazon Web Services
 
Data Sense-making: navigating the world through the lens of information design
Data Sense-making: navigating the world through the lens of information designData Sense-making: navigating the world through the lens of information design
Data Sense-making: navigating the world through the lens of information design
 
Data Activism: data as rhetoric, data as power
Data Activism: data as rhetoric, data as powerData Activism: data as rhetoric, data as power
Data Activism: data as rhetoric, data as power
 
Delve into the world of the human microbiome and metagenomics
Delve into the world of the human microbiome and metagenomicsDelve into the world of the human microbiome and metagenomics
Delve into the world of the human microbiome and metagenomics
 
Home4MeAi: un progetto sociale che utilizza dispositivi IoT per sfruttare le ...
Home4MeAi: un progetto sociale che utilizza dispositivi IoT per sfruttare le ...Home4MeAi: un progetto sociale che utilizza dispositivi IoT per sfruttare le ...
Home4MeAi: un progetto sociale che utilizza dispositivi IoT per sfruttare le ...
 
Monitorare una flotta di autobus: architettura di un progetto di acquisizione...
Monitorare una flotta di autobus: architettura di un progetto di acquisizione...Monitorare una flotta di autobus: architettura di un progetto di acquisizione...
Monitorare una flotta di autobus: architettura di un progetto di acquisizione...
 
Why LLMs should be handled with care
Why LLMs should be handled with careWhy LLMs should be handled with care
Why LLMs should be handled with care
 
Building intelligent applications with Large Language Models
Building intelligent applications with Large Language ModelsBuilding intelligent applications with Large Language Models
Building intelligent applications with Large Language Models
 
Privacy in the era of quantum computers
Privacy in the era of quantum computersPrivacy in the era of quantum computers
Privacy in the era of quantum computers
 
Machine learning with quantum computers
Machine learning with quantum computersMachine learning with quantum computers
Machine learning with quantum computers
 
Give your Web App superpowers by using GPUs
Give your Web App superpowers by using GPUsGive your Web App superpowers by using GPUs
Give your Web App superpowers by using GPUs
 
From leaf to orbit: exploring forests with technology
From leaf to orbit: exploring forests with technologyFrom leaf to orbit: exploring forests with technology
From leaf to orbit: exploring forests with technology
 
Innovating Wood
Innovating WoodInnovating Wood
Innovating Wood
 
Behind the scenes of our everyday Internet: the role of an IXP like MIX
Behind the scenes of our everyday Internet: the role of an IXP like MIXBehind the scenes of our everyday Internet: the role of an IXP like MIX
Behind the scenes of our everyday Internet: the role of an IXP like MIX
 
Architecting a 35 PB distributed parallel file system for science
Architecting a 35 PB distributed parallel file system for scienceArchitecting a 35 PB distributed parallel file system for science
Architecting a 35 PB distributed parallel file system for science
 
Truck planning: how to certify the right route
Truck planning: how to certify the right routeTruck planning: how to certify the right route
Truck planning: how to certify the right route
 
Break it up! 5G, cruise control, autonomous vehicle cooperation, and bending ...
Break it up! 5G, cruise control, autonomous vehicle cooperation, and bending ...Break it up! 5G, cruise control, autonomous vehicle cooperation, and bending ...
Break it up! 5G, cruise control, autonomous vehicle cooperation, and bending ...
 
AI and Space: finally, no more arguing with the GPS
AI and Space: finally, no more arguing with the GPSAI and Space: finally, no more arguing with the GPS
AI and Space: finally, no more arguing with the GPS
 

Creare il sangue artificiale: "buon sangue non mente"

  • 1. Creare il sangue artificiale Buon sangue non mente ALVISE BERTI, MD, PhD Trento – March 27, 2024
  • 2.
  • 5.
  • 6. Whole blood donations per 1000 population
  • 7.
  • 8.
  • 9. Why do we need artificial blood? Shortage Short shelf life Rare blood group demand Disease transmission Immunological incompatibility Contamination
  • 10. Red blood cell substitutes There are NOT red blood cell substitutes licensed in Western world Agents under investigation: • Perflourocarbons (PFCs) • Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs) • Stem Cell Originated Red Cells
  • 11. Perflourocarbon-based oxygen carriers Oxygent International Research Journal of Pharmacy | 2012 Perftoran
  • 12. Hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers Nature Biotechnology | 1999 In Practice | 2005
  • 13. Simplicity is the ultimate sophistication. Leonardo da Vinci
  • 14. Manufactured red blood cells ex vivo production DAY 1 Blood Stem Cells DAY 18-21 Reticulocytes Haematologica. Vol. 106 No. 9 (2021): September, 2021 Hematopoietic Stem Cells
  • 15. RESTORE (REcovery and survival of STem Cell Originated REd Cells) trial Prof. Ash M Toye University of Bristol Prof. Dr. Cedric Ghevaert University of Cambridge Prof. David Anstee University of Bristol
  • 16. RESTORE (REcovery and survival of STem Cell Originated REd Cells) trial Group 1 Group 2 6 months 6 months Phase 1 trial (ongoing)
  • 17. Platelet substitutes Agents under investigation: • Infusible platelets membranes (IPM) • Thrombospheres • Lyphilized Human Platlets • iPSC-derived Platletes Lyophilized Human Platelets There are NOT platelet substitutes licensed
  • 18. Engineered platelets for clinical applications BLOOD| DECEMBER 1, 2022 Prof. Dr. Koji Eto University of Kyoto Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived platelets (iPSC-PLTs)
  • 19. iPLAT1: the first-in-human clinical trial of iPSC derived platelets as a phase 1 autologous transfusion study BLOOD| DECEMBER 1, 2022 Prof. Dr. Koji Eto University of Kyoto Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) derived platelets (iPSC-PLTs)
  • 20. Red blood cell and platelet substitutes ADVANTAGES • Not relying on donations (no shortages) • No contamination and infection transmission risk • Reduced immunogenicity (if genome editing) • Product quality (highly controlled) • Increased shelf life? DISADVANTAGES • Long production time • High costs of production • GMP-grade products There are NOT red blood cell substitutes licensed in Western world
  • 21. Immunoglobulins: concept and physiology Structure of immunoglobulins NATURE REVIEWS RHEUMATOLOGY | 2019 Immunoglobulin production Antigen-specific
  • 23. Humoral Immunity: B cell targets Non-self antigen Self antigen Self antigen Self antigen Self antigen Self antigen Self antigen Self antigen Self antigen
  • 24. The balance of the humoral immunity No infection No autoimmunity Risk of infection Risk of autoimmunity Antibody diversity + -
  • 25. Intravenous Immunoglobulins Pools of polyclonal Immunoglobulins to treat immunologic diseases Plasma from human donors Separating Igs from plasma Purified Igs 9 months
  • 27. Antibody generation approaches Nature Biotechnology | 2020 Polyclonal Monoclonal Personalized medicine
  • 28. Therapeutic Monoclonal Ab for rheumatic diseases Van Vollenhoven RF. et al. Nat. Rev. Rheumatology | 2011
  • 29. Therapeutic Monoclonal antibodies for cancers Nature Review Cancer | 2015
  • 30. Therapeutic Monoclonal antibodies for COVID19 Taylor PC. et al. Nat. Rev. Immunology | 2021 E.g. tixagevimab, cilgavimab
  • 31. CAR-T cell therapies for cancer and beyond cancer
  • 32. Take-home messages • La produzione di sangue artificiale necessita ancora di ricerca futura • Sforzi iniziali per sviluppare PFCs and HBOCs, non in pratica clinica • In corso trial clinici preliminari per testare eritrociti e piastrine derivati da cellule staminali • Non avanzamenti significativi per le immunoglobuline policlonali • Già in pratica clinica anticorpi monoclonali e cellule CAR-T come terapia antigene-specifica