Ppt on heart

1. HEART AND
VASCULAR SYSTEM
OF HUMAN BODY
By SAGAR SAMBHAJI KOKANE

2. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
• Heart
• Vasculature

3. HEART
• Pericardium
• Cardiac muscle
• Chambers
• Valves
• Cardiac vessels
• Conduction system
• Nerves

4. FIGURE 17.1 LAYERS OF THE HEART.

5. STRUCTURAL COMPONENTS OF THE HEART.

6. VALVES OF THE HEART.

7. PERICARDIUM
• Thin Sac Composed of Fibroserous Material That
Surrounds the Heart
• Outer layer
• Inner layer
• Fluid between the layers

8. HEART MUSCLE
• Base
• Apex
• Epicardium
• Myocardium
• Endocardium

9. CHAMBERS IN THE HEART
• Left and right atria
• Left and right ventricles

10. VALVES
• Permit the Flow of Blood Between Chambers and Into
Blood Vessels
• Atrioventricular (AV)
• Tricuspid
• Mitral
• Semilunar
• Pulmonary
• Aortic

11. HEART SOUNDS
• S1 lub
• S2 Dub

12. HEART SOUNDS IN SYSTOLE AND DIASTOLE.

13. CONTRACTION AND RELAXATION
PHASES OF THE HEART
• Systole
• Diastole

14. PULMONARY AND SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION. THE LEFT SIDE OF THE HEART PUMPS OXYGENATED BLOOD
(INDICATED IN RED) INTO THE ARTERIES OF THE SYSTEMIC CIRCULATION, WHICH PROVIDES OXYGEN AND
NUTRIENTS TO THE CELLS. DEOXYGENATED BLOOD (INDICATED IN BLUE) RETURNS VIA THE VENOUS
SYSTEM INTO THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE HEART, WHERE IT IS TRANSPORTED TO THE PULMONARY ARTERIAL
SYSTEM TO BE REOXYGENATED.

15. CIRCULATION OF THE HEART
• Coronary arteries
• Left main
• Right coronary
• Left anterior descending
• Circumflex

16. VESSELS OF THE HEART. A. ANTERIOR.
A

17. (CONTINUED) VESSELS OF THE HEART. B. POSTERIOR.
B

18. CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART
• Sinoatrial (SA) node
• Intra-atrial pathways
• AV node
• Bundle of His
• Right and left bundle branches
• Purkinje fibers

19. CONDUCTION SYSTEM OF THE HEART.

20. CARDIAC CYCLE
• Contraction and Relaxation of the Chambers

21. THE CARDIAC CYCLE.

22. CARDIAC CYCLE
• Ventricular filling
• Ventricular systole
• Isovolumetric relaxation

23. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM (ECG)
• Paper Recording of Deflections That Represent the
Cardiac Cycle
• Electrical deflections
• P wave
• PR interval
• QRS interval
• T wave

24. ELECTROCARDIOGRAM WAVE.

25. CARDIAC FUNCTION
• Stroke volume
• Amount of blood that is ejected with each heartbeat
• Cardiac output
• Amount of blood ejected from the left ventricle over 1 minute
• Cardiac index
• Measurement accounting for an individual’s weight when
evaluating the pumping action of the heart

26. PUMPING ACTION OF THE HEART
• Preload volume overload
• Afterload pressure overload
•Cardiac output: stroke volume x heart rate
•Blood pressure: cardiac output x systemic
vascular resistance

27. A. PRELOAD IS RELATED TO THE AMOUNT OF BLOOD AND STRETCHING OF THE VENTRICULAR
MYOCARDIAL FIBERS.
A

28. (CONTINUED) B. AFTERLOAD IS THE PRESSURE THAT THE VENTRICLES MUST OVERCOME IN ORDER TO
OPEN THE AORTIC AND PULMONIC VALVULAR CUSPS.
B

29. LANDMARKS FOR CARDIAC
ASSESSMENT
• Sternum
• Clavicles
• Ribs
• Second through fifth intercostal spaces

30. LANDMARKS FOR CARDIOVASCULAR ASSESSMENT.

31. POSITIONS FOR AUSCULTATION OF THE HEART. A. SUPINE.

32. (CONTINUED) POSITIONS FOR AUSCULTATION OF THE HEART. B. LATERAL.

33. (CONTINUED) POSITIONS FOR AUSCULTATION OF THE HEART. C. SITTING.