This document outlines the essential steps and skills involved in counseling, including attending, observing, active listening, and questioning. It emphasizes the importance of empathy, cultural sensitivity, and effective communication in the counseling role. The content appears to be guided by Dr. S.S. Randhawa's principles on environmental hygiene and communication in counseling.

13. Types

14. Steps

15. Counselling Skills
 1. Attending
 2. Observing
 3. Active listening
 4. Reflecting
 5. Questioning
 6. Summarizing
 7. Silence
 8. Independence
 9. Concreting
 10. Empathy and acceptance
 11. Cultural sensitivity
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17. Scope of counseling

18. Roles of counseller

20.  Environmental hygiene and communication skills- Dr .S.s.Randhawa