this power points talks about asthma and cough and the way to treat it

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Cough and asthma

2. cough
 Def:A cough is your body's way of responding when
something irritates your throat or airways.
 An irritant stimulates nerves that send a message to
your brain.
 The brain then tells muscles in your chest and
abdomen to push air out of your lungs to force out
the irritant,Cough is classified into three types based
on the duration: acute, subacute, and chronic cough.

3. Physiology of cough
 Cough is comprised of three phases (inspiratory,
compressive and expiratory) and serves as a vital
defensive mechanism for lung health.
 It prevents pulmonary aspiration, promotes ciliary
activity and clears airway debris.

4. Patient education of cough
 Get plenty of rest and drink plenty of fluids.
 Try to breathe moist air. Use a humidifier or take a
steamy shower.
 Consume warm fluids (soup or tea) to provide relief for
a stuffy nose and to loosen phlegm.
 Eat a well-balanced diet. If you cannot, ensure you are
getting enough nutrients by taking a daily multivitamin.
 Avoid dairy products, as they can thicken phlegm.
 Avoid alcohol, as it impairs your body’s immune system.

5. Symptoms and diagnosis of cough
 A runny or stuffy nose
 • A feeling of liquid running down the back of your
throat
 (postnasal drip)
 • Frequent throat clearing and sore throat
 • Hoarseness
 • Wheezing and shortness of breath
 • Heartburn or a sour taste in your mouth
 • In rare cases, coughing up blood

6. Symptoms and diagnosis of cough
 Diagnosis: check your vital signs, like your
temperature and the number of breaths you take per
minute.
 Your doctor may ask you questions to figure out
what type of cough you have and what is causing it.

7. Prognosis for cough
 In healthy adults, acute cough is usually self-limiting
and related to upper respiratory viral infections,
meaning it tends to go away on its own without
treatment, and rarely needs significant medical
intervention

8. Treatment for cough
 Life style remedies:
 Drink fluids. Liquid helps thin the mucus in your
throat. ...
 Suck on cough drops or hard candies. They may ease
a dry cough and soothe an irritated throat.
 Consider taking honey. A teaspoon of honey may
help loosen a cough. ...
 Moisturize the air. ...
 Avoid tobacco smoke.

9. Treatment
 Dextromethorphan is used to treat a cough and is
available over the counter in syrup, capsule, spray,
tablet, and lozenge form. It is also present in many
over-the-counter and prescription combination
medications. The most common brand names
include Robafen Cough (Robitussin) and Vicks
Dayquil Cough.

10. Treatment
 Codeine

11. treatment
 Mechanism of action
 Codeine is an opioid and an agonist of the mu opioid
receptor (MOR). It acts on the central nervous
system to have an analgesic effect. It is metabolised
in the liver to produce morphine which is ten times
more potent against the mu receptor.

12. treatment
 Side effect of codeine:
 Constipation. Try to get more fibre into your diet,
such as fresh fruit, vegetables and cereals. ...
 Feeling or being sick (nausea or vomiting) ...
 Feeling sleepy. ...
 Confusion (unable to concentrate or think clearly,
muddled thoughts) ...
 Feeling dizzy and vertigo. ...
 Dry mouth. ...
 Headaches.

13. Definition of Asthma
 Asthma is a condition in which your airways narrow
and swell and may produce extra mucus.
 This can make breathing difficult and trigger
coughing, a whistling sound (wheezing) when you
breathe out and shortness of breath,Experts have
classified asthma as: Intermittent. Mild persistent.
Moderate persistent.

14. Phisiology of asthma
 inflammation of the airways, with an abnormal
accumulation of inflammatory cells in the
bronchioles.
 Asthma is associated with increased responsiveness
of the tracheobronchial tree from many different
stimuli, either singly or in combination with each
other.

15. Patient education of asthma
 There is no cure for asthma. The best way to manage
asthma is to avoid triggers, take medications to
prevent symptoms and prepare to treat asthma
episodes if they occur.

16. Symptomps of asthma
 Shortness of breath.
 • Chest tightness or pain.
 • Wheezing when exhaling, which is a common sign
of asthma in children.
 • Trouble sleeping caused by shortness of breath,
coughing or wheezing.
 • Coughing or wheezing attacks that are worsened by
a respiratory virus, such as a cold or the flu.

17. Diagnosis for asthma
 The main tests used to help diagnose asthma are:
FeNO test – you breathe into a machine that
measures the level of nitric oxide in your breath,
which is a sign of inflammation in your lungs.
spirometry – you blow into a machine that measures
how fast you can breathe out and how much air you
can hold in your lungs.

18. Prognosis for asthma
 The prognosis of asthma is generally quite good. The
therapies that are available are excellent and control
of asthma is generally quite easily achieved. It may
take more work for some than others and it does take
perseverance in using the treatments that are
prescribed.

19. Treatment of asthma
 Inhalers, which are devices that let you breathe
in medicine, are the main treatment. Tablets and
other treatments may also be needed if your
asthma is severe.
 You'll usually create a personal action plan with a
doctor or asthma nurse.

20. treatment
• Inhaled corticosteroids.
• Leukotriene modifiers.
• Long-acting beta agonists (LABAs)
• Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs)
• Combination inhalers.
• Theophylline.

21. treatment
 The antibiotic azithromycin :
 is sometimes included as a treatment option for
severe asthma that doesn't respond to other
treatments in the guidelines of the: Global Initiative
for Asthma.

22. treatment
 MOA of azithromycin:
 4 Besides antibacterial effects, macrolides such as
azithromycin are also reported to
have immunomodulatory and anti‐inflammatory
effects in airway inflammatory disease, including
cystic fibrosis, bronchiectasis, exacerbation of
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and severe
asthma

23. treatment
 Side effect of azithromycin:
• Feeling sick (nausea) Stick to simple meals and do not
eat rich or spicy food while you're taking this medicine.
• Diarrhoea. Drink lots of fluids such as water or squash to
avoid dehydration. ...
• Being sick (vomiting) ...
• Losing your appetite. ...
• Headaches. ...
• Feeling dizzy or tired. ...
• Changes to your sense of taste.