This document provides cost of cultivation estimates for principal crops in India from 1996-97 to 2003-04. It begins with a foreword describing the importance of agricultural price policy and cost of production data in India. Cost data is collected through universities and agricultural colleges across India. The document thanks those involved in input preparation, computerization, and finalization of cost data. It also provides appendices listing universities/colleges surveyed, factors affecting cost item fluctuations, and other details. In summary, the document presents cost of cultivation estimates for major crops in India over several years.
Growth of electricity_sector_in_india_from_1947-2011Sameer Ahmed
The document summarizes the growth of India's electricity sector from 1947 to 2011. It shows that installed generation capacity has increased from 1362 MW in 1947 to over 173626 MW in 2011. The number of electrified villages has risen from around 1500 to over 537947, representing 90.6% of total villages. Per capita electricity consumption has also increased over the years and is compared to other countries. Different charts and tables present information on growth trends in generation by source, including coal, gas, hydro, and nuclear power. The document provides a concise overview of India's expanding electricity system over the past decades.
Konrad Latkowski, PricePanorama @ TMT.AllThings`13: Big Data dla sprzedawców:...Ewa Stepien
Konrad Latkowski, PricePanorama. Presentation at the TMT.AllThings`13 conference on 24.10.2013 at the WSE HQ: Big Data dla sprzedawców: doświadczenia Manubia.pl.
"Tworzenie prototypów serwisów internetowych. Dlaczego warto stworzyć prototyp? Kto i ile dzięki niemu zyskuje? Prezentacja oparta na przykładzie" - Artur Kępa - www.arturkepa.com
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This is my presentation about Red Gate SQL Doc that I have presented on one of the meatings of Lodzka Grupa Profesjonalistow IT & .NET. Presentation in Polish.
Growth of electricity_sector_in_india_from_1947-2011Sameer Ahmed
The document summarizes the growth of India's electricity sector from 1947 to 2011. It shows that installed generation capacity has increased from 1362 MW in 1947 to over 173626 MW in 2011. The number of electrified villages has risen from around 1500 to over 537947, representing 90.6% of total villages. Per capita electricity consumption has also increased over the years and is compared to other countries. Different charts and tables present information on growth trends in generation by source, including coal, gas, hydro, and nuclear power. The document provides a concise overview of India's expanding electricity system over the past decades.
Konrad Latkowski, PricePanorama @ TMT.AllThings`13: Big Data dla sprzedawców:...Ewa Stepien
Konrad Latkowski, PricePanorama. Presentation at the TMT.AllThings`13 conference on 24.10.2013 at the WSE HQ: Big Data dla sprzedawców: doświadczenia Manubia.pl.
"Tworzenie prototypów serwisów internetowych. Dlaczego warto stworzyć prototyp? Kto i ile dzięki niemu zyskuje? Prezentacja oparta na przykładzie" - Artur Kępa - www.arturkepa.com
O introducere in proiectarea jocurilor pe calculator (game computing), prezentare in cadrul cursului Interactiune om-calculator, master, Facultatea de Informatica, Alexandru Ioan Cuza din Iasi.
This is my presentation about Red Gate SQL Doc that I have presented on one of the meatings of Lodzka Grupa Profesjonalistow IT & .NET. Presentation in Polish.
Polecane przez firmę Adobe źródło wiedzy o programie Illustrator CS
* Wykorzystaj narzędzia rysunkowe
* Zmodyfikuj atrybuty obiektów
* Zastosuj wypełnienia i kontury
* Przygotuj pracę do druku
Adobe Illustrator to jedna z najpopularniejszych i najbardziej uniwersalnych aplikacji do tworzenia rysunków wektorowych. Wykonane w niej projekty można wykorzystać w publikacjach drukowanych, prezentacjach multimedialnych i na stronach WWW. Rozbudowane narzędzia rysunkowe, liczne efekty specjalne, mechanizmy warstw i masek, precyzyjny system zarządzania kolorami i możliwość eksportu gotowej ilustracji do plików w różnych formatach powodują, że Illustrator jest doskonałym narzędziem dla każdego projektanta i grafika, gwarantującym osiągnięcie doskonałych rezultatów.
"Adobe Illustrator CS. Oficjalny podręcznik" to przygotowany i zatwierdzony przez producenta programu -- firmę Adobe -- zbiór ćwiczeń ułatwiających poznanie możliwości Illustratora. Dowiesz się, jak konfigurować obszar roboczy, stosować narzędzia rysunkowe, przypisywać atrybuty obiektom, korzystać z efektów specjalnych i przygotowywać pracę pod kątem publikacji w różnych formatach. Możesz być pewny, że wiedza zawarta w podręczniku pochodzi z najlepszego źródła -- tajniki Illustratora zdradzą Ci certyfikowani przez Adobe nauczyciele i eksperci.
* Interfejs użytkownika i obszar roboczy
* Sposoby zaznaczania elementów obrazu
* Tworzenie obiektów
* Stosowanie kolorów
* Maski, warstwy i tryby przenikania
* Modyfikowanie atrybutów i układu obiektów
* Narzędzia tekstowe
* Symbole i pędzle
* Efekty specjalne
* Przygotowanie pracy do druku
* Tworzenie publikacji WWW
Poznaj możliwości programu Illustrator CS, korzystając z oficjalnych materiałów szkoleniowych firmy Adobe.
Produse accesorii naandanjain valva electrica, control automat al liniei de p...Gherghescu Gabriel
Naandanjain manufactures electrically actuated GRP valves and plastic filters for irrigation systems. Their valves come in sizes from 3/4" to 2" with solenoids, low head losses, and adjustable flow control. Their filters range from 3/4" to 3" with screen or disc elements, removable for cleaning, and minimal head loss. Technical specifications include maximum pressures and temperatures, electrical requirements for the valves, and flow rates and dimensions for both products.
Choć znawcy rynku technologii coraz częściej przyznają tytuł najpopularniejszego urządzenia mobilnego tabletom i smartfonom, decyzja o dyskwalifikacji laptopów w tym wyścigu nie została jeszcze przesądzona. Dowodzi tego między innymi najnowszy raport Porównywarki Cen Okazje.info.
W publikacji znalazły się między innymi:
- przegląd aktualnych trendów panujących na rynku laptopów
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In the sixth of a series of reports, commissioned by HSBC, we look at China’s overseas direct investment (ODI) into developed markets and how cooperation between Chinese companies and their developed-market partners is evolving.
This paper uncovers key insights on potential collaboration between Chinese companies and businesses from the developed world. I
The Kuznets curve hypothesizes that income inequality increases in the early stages of a country's economic development as it shifts from an agricultural to industrial economy. However, as prosperity increases further with continued development, inequality begins to decrease. Specifically, the curve shows that industrialization initially widens the gap between rural and urban incomes as workers migrate to cities. But once a certain average income level is reached and industrialization is fully underway, inequality is expected to fall as education and job opportunities improve. The Kuznets curve provides a framework for understanding how income distribution changes over time with economic growth.
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Polecane przez firmę Adobe źródło wiedzy o programie Illustrator CS
* Wykorzystaj narzędzia rysunkowe
* Zmodyfikuj atrybuty obiektów
* Zastosuj wypełnienia i kontury
* Przygotuj pracę do druku
Adobe Illustrator to jedna z najpopularniejszych i najbardziej uniwersalnych aplikacji do tworzenia rysunków wektorowych. Wykonane w niej projekty można wykorzystać w publikacjach drukowanych, prezentacjach multimedialnych i na stronach WWW. Rozbudowane narzędzia rysunkowe, liczne efekty specjalne, mechanizmy warstw i masek, precyzyjny system zarządzania kolorami i możliwość eksportu gotowej ilustracji do plików w różnych formatach powodują, że Illustrator jest doskonałym narzędziem dla każdego projektanta i grafika, gwarantującym osiągnięcie doskonałych rezultatów.
"Adobe Illustrator CS. Oficjalny podręcznik" to przygotowany i zatwierdzony przez producenta programu -- firmę Adobe -- zbiór ćwiczeń ułatwiających poznanie możliwości Illustratora. Dowiesz się, jak konfigurować obszar roboczy, stosować narzędzia rysunkowe, przypisywać atrybuty obiektom, korzystać z efektów specjalnych i przygotowywać pracę pod kątem publikacji w różnych formatach. Możesz być pewny, że wiedza zawarta w podręczniku pochodzi z najlepszego źródła -- tajniki Illustratora zdradzą Ci certyfikowani przez Adobe nauczyciele i eksperci.
* Interfejs użytkownika i obszar roboczy
* Sposoby zaznaczania elementów obrazu
* Tworzenie obiektów
* Stosowanie kolorów
* Maski, warstwy i tryby przenikania
* Modyfikowanie atrybutów i układu obiektów
* Narzędzia tekstowe
* Symbole i pędzle
* Efekty specjalne
* Przygotowanie pracy do druku
* Tworzenie publikacji WWW
Poznaj możliwości programu Illustrator CS, korzystając z oficjalnych materiałów szkoleniowych firmy Adobe.
Produse accesorii naandanjain valva electrica, control automat al liniei de p...Gherghescu Gabriel
Naandanjain manufactures electrically actuated GRP valves and plastic filters for irrigation systems. Their valves come in sizes from 3/4" to 2" with solenoids, low head losses, and adjustable flow control. Their filters range from 3/4" to 3" with screen or disc elements, removable for cleaning, and minimal head loss. Technical specifications include maximum pressures and temperatures, electrical requirements for the valves, and flow rates and dimensions for both products.
Choć znawcy rynku technologii coraz częściej przyznają tytuł najpopularniejszego urządzenia mobilnego tabletom i smartfonom, decyzja o dyskwalifikacji laptopów w tym wyścigu nie została jeszcze przesądzona. Dowodzi tego między innymi najnowszy raport Porównywarki Cen Okazje.info.
W publikacji znalazły się między innymi:
- przegląd aktualnych trendów panujących na rynku laptopów
- preferencje zakupowe Internautów planujących zakup nowego sprzętu z tej właśnie kategorii
- rankingi producentów i przegląd najpopularniejszych modeli
- prognozy, dotyczące przyszłości rodzimego rynku notebooków
In the sixth of a series of reports, commissioned by HSBC, we look at China’s overseas direct investment (ODI) into developed markets and how cooperation between Chinese companies and their developed-market partners is evolving.
This paper uncovers key insights on potential collaboration between Chinese companies and businesses from the developed world. I
The Kuznets curve hypothesizes that income inequality increases in the early stages of a country's economic development as it shifts from an agricultural to industrial economy. However, as prosperity increases further with continued development, inequality begins to decrease. Specifically, the curve shows that industrialization initially widens the gap between rural and urban incomes as workers migrate to cities. But once a certain average income level is reached and industrialization is fully underway, inequality is expected to fall as education and job opportunities improve. The Kuznets curve provides a framework for understanding how income distribution changes over time with economic growth.
VCSSGOC.WEBS.COM
-------------------------------------
ABOUT US
Affiliations
BACKGROUND
OUR COMPANY
ALUMNI
C-GOVERNANCE
MOU
ORGANIZATIONAL STRUCTURE
OUR GOALS
CEO- DESK.
CHAIRMAN DESK.
Know Chairman
DIRECTOR.
SWOT
VCS BOARD
CODE OF CONDUCT
OATH
COMMITTEES
CAREER
CITIZEN'S CHARTER
CLIENTELE
COLLABORATIVE IMP. LINKS
CONTACT US
DONATE
FAQ
FORMS
KFA PROJECT
KNOWLEDGE POINT
PUBLICATION
RECENT ANNOUNCEMENTS
SERVICES & SPECIALTIES
SITE DIRECTORY
STATIC INFO WORLDWIDE
THE WORLD OF VCS-SGOC
WORK STATION
WORK WITH US
------------------------------------------
EDUCATIONAL PURPUSES
The document discusses the "Gujarat model" of governance promoted by Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi and the BJP. It notes that while Gujarat has seen strong economic growth, there are also limitations in areas like health and education. It identifies four key principles of the Gujarat model: a focus on agriculture and industry; promoting private enterprises in sectors like healthcare and education; building infrastructure even in rural areas; and tailoring plans to local needs and demands. However, it questions how responsible Modi's policies have been for issues like malnutrition and how applicable the model is for the rest of India.
The document provides details about the National Horticulture Board (NHB) of India. Some key points:
NHB was established in 1984 by the Ministry of Agriculture and Farmers Welfare, Government of India to promote commercial horticulture. It is registered as a society under the Societies Registration Act.
NHB's mission is to promote commercial horticulture through production clusters/parks, post-harvest infrastructure, technology development and transfer.
The Board is managed by a Governing Council chaired by the Union Agriculture Minister. It has 29 regional offices across India.
The Delhi High Court has struck down appointments of 21 parliamentary secretaries by the Delhi government. This is seen as a legal blow rather than an administrative issue for the AAP government. Three of their ministers have resigned in corruption cases in the last two years and a case is ongoing against several MLAs. The Chief Minister had appointed his seven ministers and 21 AAP MLAs as parliamentary secretaries soon after forming government in 2015 without the Lieutenant Governor's approval. The High Court ruled that the appointments violated rules as approval was not taken. This adds to the governance challenges faced by the AAP government in Delhi.
The document discusses issues related to lack of civic responsibility and unsustainable habits among some Indian citizens. It argues that many Indians do not properly value or conserve natural resources. It suggests the government should educate citizens about sustainability and implement policies to reduce wasteful consumption of resources like energy, water, and forests. Citizens also need to adopt a long-term, responsible outlook with the national interest in mind.
Senior Congress leader P Chidambaram said that the Armed Forces (Special Powers) Act (AFSPA) needs to be amended if it cannot be repealed. He stated that law and order in Jammu and Kashmir should be handled by the local police forces rather than paramilitary forces. AFSPA gives special powers and immunity to security forces operating in disturbed areas, which has faced demands for withdrawal. Chidambaram also said that the presence of paramilitary forces in Jammu and Kashmir should be drastically reduced to lower violence in the region.
22 december to 28 december 2014 12 18 nav. 12snehalcnp
The document discusses renewable energy initiatives taken by the new Indian government. It mentions providing support for solar projects by public sector units and solar parks. It outlines plans to boost wind and solar power, and make India a hub for solar manufacturing. The government aims to substantially increase electricity generation from both conventional and non-conventional sources by expanding solar missions and connecting more areas to gas grids.
The meeting of the India-Russia Inter-Governmental Commission on Military Technical Cooperation was held in Moscow. Both sides expressed satisfaction with the progress made in defence cooperation since the last meeting in October 2016. A roadmap for bilateral defence cooperation between India and Russia was agreed upon, which includes specific activities and aims to enhance cooperation in various areas like political-military dialogue, exercises, visits, cooperation and training. The Defence Minister of India conveyed the importance of having a robust after-sale support mechanism for Russian-origin equipment and opportunities for Russian companies to participate in India's defence manufacturing sector under the 'Make in India' program. Both sides also agreed to conclude various ongoing platform negotiations and restructure the commission to enhance military-to
The Union Minister of Science & Technology and Earth Sciences inaugurated a Multi-Parametric Geophysical Observatory in the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. The Minister said that due to scientific innovations, India is now well-equipped to tackle natural disasters with early warning systems. Over 28 other nations depend on India's real-time data. The Minister also noted progress on a medical college project for the islands. An article discusses recent train accidents in India and calls for improved safety measures on rail tracks.
The document discusses Prime Minister Modi launching the 'Make in India' week in Mumbai to boost manufacturing. Key points include:
1. PM Modi said 'Make in India' will create the biggest brand India has ever seen and aims to increase manufacturing's share of GDP to 25%.
2. The week-long event showcases investment opportunities and has country pavilions and delegations from nations like Sweden, Germany, and South Korea.
3. Over 9,000 delegates are expected with PM Modi to hold bilateral meetings. The launch aims to position India as a global manufacturing destination.
1. Dr. Jitendra Singh and Suresh Prabhu inaugurated a new express train service between Jammu and Haridwar through video conferencing from New Delhi and Mumbai respectively.
2. Senior railway executives from Northern Railway were present in New Delhi along with other officials from Jammu station for the inaugural ceremony.
3. Wrestler Sakshi Malik wins bronze medal for India in the women's 58kg freestyle wrestling event at the Rio Olympics, becoming the first Indian woman to win an Olympic medal in wrestling.
Piyush Goyal, the Union Minister of Power, Coal and Renewable Energy, urged the Tata Institute of Social Sciences (TISS) to conduct training programs in behavioral sciences, ethics and leadership for ministers and bureaucrats. He said such training could help public servants better understand how to serve the poor and marginalized. The minister noted that India has made progress but still has a long way to go in providing education, health and power for all citizens and ensuring inclusive growth. TISS should consider starting such training programs initially in Mumbai and Maharashtra that could then be expanded to other areas.
1. The document discusses the history of the Jat community in India, particularly their rise to power in the Mughal Empire from the late 16th century onwards.
2. Important Jat rulers like the rulers of Bharatpur and Dholpur established states across parts of North India and influenced politics and society.
3. The most prominent Jat rulers were Maharaja Suraj Mal of Bharatpur and his son Jawahar Singh, who established Hindu rule in the region for around 100 years until British rule was established.
The News Papers Association of India (NAI) represents small and medium newspapers across languages and regions in India. It has brought together around 8,000 such newspapers under its umbrella. These newspapers play an important role in disseminating information and democratic ideas, especially in rural areas. The NAI is holding its 23rd annual conference and award ceremony, where it will honor outstanding journalism and social work. The event will focus on the role of regional newspapers in strengthening India's democracy.
This document appears to be an annual performance appraisal report form for Group 'B' officers of the Telecom Service, P&T Accounts and Finance Service, and P&T (Building Works Service) of the Department of Telecommunications in India.
The form collects personal details of the officer being reported on, including name, date of birth, job details. It also includes sections for the officer to provide brief details of their duties performed and achievements against targets. The reporting officer then provides numerical gradings on the officer's work output, personal attributes, and functional competency. The reporting officer also provides an overall assessment including areas of strength and improvement. Finally, the reviewing officer provides their remarks on whether they agree with
This document is a newsletter from the Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha organization dated June 4-10, 2014. It contains articles on Hindu issues and culture. It announces an upcoming national struggle conference of the Hindu Mahasabha to be held on June 28, 2014 in Delhi to discuss issues related to Hindu rights.
This document is a newsletter from the Akhil Bharatiya Hindu Mahasabha organization dated June 4-10, 2014. It contains articles on Hindu issues and culture. It announces an upcoming event on June 28, 2014 to commemorate the Hindu Mahasabha and features statements from national leaders of the organization expressing support for Hindus and calling for continued struggle on their behalf.
1. Hkkjr esa izeq[k Qlyksa dh dk'r
dh ykxr
Cost of Cultivation of Principal Crops
in India
2007
vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky;
DIRECTORATE OF ECONOMICS AND STATISTICS
d`f"k ,oa lgdkfjrk foHkkx
DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE AND CO-OPERATION
d` f"k ea=ky;
MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE
Hkkjr ljdkj
GOVERNMENT OF INDIA
ubZ fnYyh
NEW DELHI
2. vkeq[k FOREWORD
Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk vuqlj.k esa ykbZ tk jgh fHkUu&fHkUu d`f"k vkfFkZd Among the different Agricultural Economic Policies pursued by
uhfr;ksa esa d`f"k ewY; uhfr d`"kh; {ks= esa mRiknu rFkk mRikndrk esa mYys[kuh; the Government of India, the Agricultural Price Policy has been playing
a significant role in bringing about noticeable changes in the production
ifjorZu ykus ds ckjs esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh g®A bldh ewY; uhfr ds
and productivity of the agricultural sector. Under its price policy, the
vUrxZr] la?k ljdkj egRoiw.kZ d`f"k; ftUlksa ds U;wure leFkZu ewY;ksa dh Union Government announces Minimum Support Prices (MSPs) of
?kks"k.kk vU; vk/kkj ds lkFk&lkFk d`f"k ykxr rFkk ewY; vk;ksx dh flQkfj'kksa important agricultural commodities based inter alia , on the
ds vk/kkj ij djrh gSA d`f"k; Qlyksa ds mRiknu dh ykxr vfr egRoiw.kZ recommendations of Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices
rRo gS] ftl ij d`f"k ykxr vkSj ewY; vk;ksx }kjk ljdkj dks U;wure (CACP). The cost of production of agricultural crops is the most
important factor that CACP considers while making its
leFkZu ewY;ksa ds ckjs esa viuh flQkfj'ksa ykxw djrs le; fopkj fd;k tkrk
recommendations on MSPs to the Government. The Directorate of
gSA vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky;] d`f"k ea=ky; }kjk Hkkjr esa 1970&71 ls Economics & Statistics (DES), Ministry of Agriculture, has been
iSnkokj dh ykxr ds visf{kr vkadM+ksa dks iwjk djus ds fy, izeq[k Qlyksa implementing a Comprehensive Scheme for Studying the Cost of
dh iSnkokj@mRiknu dh ykxr ds vuqekuksa dks rS;kj djus gsrq izeq[k Qlyksa Cultivation of Principal Crops in order in India since 1970-71 to generate
dh iSnkokj dh ykxr dk v/;;u djus ds fy, ,d O;kid ;kstuk dk estimates of cost of cultivation/production of the principal crops in
order to meet cost of cultivation data requirement. The field data are
dk;kZUo;u fd;k tk jgk gSA {ks=h; vkadM+ksa dks d`f"k;@lkekU; fo'ofo|ky;ksa
collected through the agricultural/general universities and a college.
rFkk dkyst }kjk ,d= fd;k tkrk gSA ,sls fo'ofo|ky;ksa@dkyst rFkk A list of such universities/college with the name of crops and sample
Qlyksa ds uke rFkk izfrn'kZ lewg dh lwph ifjf'k"V&II esa nh xbZ gSA clusters is given in Appendix-II.
bu ykxr vuqekuksa dks vU; ljdkjh ,tsfUl;ksa vuqla/kkudrkZvksa rFkk In order that these cost estimates are available to other official
vke turk dks miyC/k djkus ds mís'; ls] vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky; us agencies, researchers and the public in general, the Directorate of
Economics and Statistics brought out a publication on the subject in
bl fo"k; ij 1991 esa ,d izdk'ku fudkyk gSA izdk'ku dk nwljk vad
1991. A second issue of the publication giving the estimates prepared
ftlesa 1991 ds ckn rS;kj vuqekuksa dks fn;k x;k gS] dks 1996 esa izdkf'kr after 1991 was brought out in 1996 and was well received in different
fd;k x;k FkkA bls fHkUu&fHkUu lfdZy esa dkQh la[;k esa izkIr fd;k x;kA circles. The third issue published in February, 2000 included the
Qjojh] 2000 esa izdkf'kr rhljs vad esa o"kZ 1996&97 rd ds vuqekuksa dks estimates up to the year 1996-97. This is the fourth issue of the
'kkfey fd;k x;k gSA ;g izdk'ku dk pkSFkk vad gS ftlesa Qly publication containing the cost estimates pertaining to the crop years
1996-97 to 2003-04. Not to mention, the time lag involved in getting
o"kZ 1996&97 ls 2003&04 ls lacaf/kr ykxr vuqeku fn, x, gSaA ;g information from all over the country is responsible for the delay in
mYys[kuh; ugha gS fd iwjs ns'k ls lwpuk izkIr djus esa yxs le; ds dkj.k release of the publication. Efforts have been made to minimise the
izdk'ku ds tkjh gksus esa nsjh gqbZ gSA bls de djus ds fy, iz;kl fd, x, gSaA same.
dqNsd izns'kksa }kjk vkadM+ksa dh xq.koÙkk rFkk dqNsd ykxr la?kVdksa esa Regarding concerns expressed by some quarters about quality
dfri; vizR;kf'kr mrkj&p<+ko ds ckjs esa O;Dr dh xbZ fpUrk ds laca/k esa] of data and on certain unexpected fluctuations in some of the cost
components, a meeting with the implementing agencies of the Scheme
;kstuk dks ykxw djus okyh ,tsfUl;ksa ds lkFk] bl izdk'ku ds tkjh gksus ls was held in order to identify and undertaking of an in-depth analysis
igys lkaof/k J`a[kyk vkadM+ksa dk irk yxkus rFkk xgjkbZ ls fo'ys"k.k djus of time series data before this issue of publication. Some of the
ds fy, cSBd dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA ykxr enksa esa dfri; vlkèkj.k@ factors leading to certain unusual/unexpected changes in the cost
vizR;kf'kr ifjorZu ls lacf/kr dqNd rF;ksa dh lwph ifjf'k"V&III esa nh xbZ gSA
a s items are listed in Appendix-III.
eSa] Jherh e/kqckyk] lykgdkj] Jh ,ñdsñ feJk] voj lkaf[;dh; I appreciate the efforts made by Smt. Madhu Bala, Adviser;
lykgdkj Jh chñdsñ csgjk] lgk;d vkfFkZd lykgdkj rFkk vU; LVkWQ ds Shri A.K. Mishra, Additional Statistical Adviser; and Shri B.K. Behera,
Assistant Economic Adviser and other staff members who have
lnL;ksa ds iz;klksa dh ljkguk djrk gw¡ ftUgksaus bl izdk'ku dks izdkf'kr
contributed in bringing out this publication.
djokuss esa viuk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA
ubZ fnYyh( Mkñ ,ñdsñ fu;ksx New Delhi; Dr. A.K. NEOG
Qjojh] 2007 vkfFkZd ,oa lkaf[;dh; lykgdkj February, 2007 Economic & Statistical Adviser
(i)
3. vFkZ ,oa lkaf[;dh funs'kky; ds fuEufyf[kr deZpkfj;ksa us fuos'k rS;kj The following Staff members of Directorate of Economics &
Statistics were associated with Input Preparation, Computerization
djus] dEI;wVjhdj.k rFkk ykxr vkadM+ksa dks vfUre :i nsus esa lg;ksx fn;k% and Finalization of Cost Data:
fuos'k rS;kjh rFkk dEI;wVjhdj.k Input Preparation & Computerization
1- Jherh ,pñdsñ iwjck MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^bZ* 1. Smt. H.K. Purba D.E.O. Gr. 'E'
2- Jherh dqedqe HkkfV;k MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^lh* 2. Smt. Kumkum Bhatia D.E.O. Gr. 'C'
3- Jherh fdj.k paMksd MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^bZ* 3. Smt. Kiran Chandok D.E.O. Gr. 'E'
4- Jherh uhye ok/koku MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 4. Smt. Neelam Wadhawan D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
5- Jherh jkt u:yk MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 5. Smt. Raj Narula D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
6- Jherh deys'k /kkjhoky MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 6. Smt. Kamlesh Dhariwal D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
7- Jherh dkark nsoh feÙky MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 7. Smt. Kanta Devi Mittal D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
8- Jherh ohuk vk;kZ MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 8. Smt. Veena Arya D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
9- Jh Mhñlhñ tks'kh MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 9. Shri. D.C. Joshi D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
10- Jherh lfjrk 'kekZ MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 10. Smt. Sarita Sharma D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
11- Jh ;wñ,lñ fc"V MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 11. Shri U.S. Bist D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
12- Jh lrh'k dqekj MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^ch* 12. Shri Satish Kumar D.E.O. Gr. 'B'
13- Jh pUnjiky dqrkj MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^,* 13. Shri Chander Pal Kutar D.E.O. Gr. 'A'
MkVk fo'ys"k.k@vfUre :i fn;k Data Analysis/Finalization
1. Shri. Har Sharan Singh D.E.O. Gr. 'E'
1- Jh gj 'kj.k flag MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^bZ*
2- Jh fot; dqekj rduhdh lgk;d 2. Shri Vijay Kumar T.A.
3- Jh ,eñchñ [kaMkjs rduhdh lgk;d 3. Shri M.B. Khandare T.A.
4- Jherh yyhrk oekZ MkVk izfo"VhdrkZ xzsM ^Mh* 4. Smt. Lalita Verma D.E.O. Gr. 'D'
5- Jh 'kadj yky izfo"VhdrkZ 5. Shri Shankar Lal E.O.
bl izdk'ku dk fgUnh vuqokn rFkk eqnz.k laca/kh dk;Z izdk'ku foHkkx ds The following officials of the Publication Division were associated
with Hindi translation and printing works of this publication:
fuEu vfèdkfj;ksa }kjk fd;k x;k%
izdk'ku foHkkx Publication Division
Jh MhñMhñ vrqydj mi&vkfFkZd lykgdkj Shri D.D. Atulkar Dy. Economic Adviser
Jh ghjk yky mi&lEiknd ¼fgUnh½ Shri Hira Lal Sub-Editior (Hindi)
Jherh mek xks;y rduhdh lgk;d ¼eqnz.k½ Smt. Uma Goel Tech. Assistant (Ptg.)
Jh lquhy dqekj dkS'ky rduhdh lgk;d ¼eqnz.k½ Shri S.K. Kaushal Tech. Assistant (Ptg.)
Jh /kesZUnz dqekj xkSM+ izwQ la'kks/kd Shri D.K. Gaur Proof Reader
Jherh lfork vk'kqfyfid ¼fgUnh½ Smt. Savita Stenographer (Hindi)
(ii)
5. (iv)
lwph—tkjh
Index—Contd.
Øñlañ Qly jkT; i`"B lañ Øñlañ Qly jkT; i`"B lañ
Sl.No. Crop State Page No. Sl.No. Crop State Page No.
(1) (2) (3) (4) (1) (2) (3) (4)
13. lwkteq[kh@SUNFLOER- egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 191 19. jkefry@NIGERSEED mM+hlk@Orissa 247
Contd. NÙkhlx<+@Chhattisgarh 249
20. dikl@COTTON (KAPAS) vkU/kz izns'k@Andhra Pradesh 251
14. ewxQyh@GROUNDNUT
a vkU/kz izns'k@Andhra Pradesh 193
xqtjkr@Gujarat 195
xqtjkr@Gujarat 253
gfj;k.kk@Haryana 255
dukZVd@Karnataka 197
e/; izns'k@Madhya Pradesh 257
egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 199
dukZVd@Karnataka 259
mM+hlk@Orissa 201 egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 261
rfeyukMq@Tamil Nadu 203 iatkc@Punjab 263
15. fry@SESAMUM (TIL) xqtjkr@Gujarat 205 jktLFkku@Rajasthan 265
e/; izns'k@Madhya Pradesh 207 rfeyukMq@Tamil Nadu 267
mM+hlk@Orissa 209 21. iVlu@JUTE vle@Assam 269
jktLFkku@Rajasthan 211 fcgkj@Bihar 271
rfeyukMq@Tamil Nadu 213
mM+hlk@Orissa 273
iñ caxky@West Bengal 275
mÙkj izns'k@Uttar Pradesh 215
22. I;kt@ONION dukZVd@Karnataka 277
16. rksfj;k ,oa ljlksa@ vle@Assam 217
egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 279
RAPESEED & MUSTARD gfj;k.kk@Haryana 219 23. xUuk@SUGARCANE vkU/kz izns'k@Andhra Pradesh 281
xqtjkr@Gujarat 221 gfj;k.kk@Haryana 283
e/; izns'k@Madhya Pradesh 223 dukZVd@Karnataka 285
iatkc@Punjab 225 egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 287
jktLFkku@Rajasthan 227 rfeyukMq@Tamil Nadu 289
mÙkj izns'k@Uttar Pradesh 291
mÙkj izns'k@Uttar Pradesh 229
mÙkjk[k.M@Uttarakhand 293
iñ caxky@West Bengal 231
24. vkyw@POTATO fcgkj@Bihar 295
mÙkjk[k.M@Uttarakhand 233 fgekpy izns'k@Himachal Pradesh 297
17. dqle@SAFFLOWER
q dukZVd@Karnataka 235 mÙkj izns'k@Uttar Pradesh 299
egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 237 iñ caxky@West Bengal 301
18. lks;kchu@SOYABEAN e/; izns'k@Madhya Pradesh 239 >kj[k.M@Jharkhand 303
egkjk"Vª@Maharashtra 241
25. Vsfivksdk@TAPIOCA dsjy@Kerala 305
jktLFkku@Rajasthan 243
26. othZfu;k QY;qD;ksMZ rEckdw@ vkU/kz izns'k@Andhra Pradesh 307
NÙkhlx<+@Chhattisgarh 245 V.F.C. TOBACCO
ifjf'k"V %
Appendices :
I. 1996&97 ls fofHkUu CykWd o"kks± ds nkSjku Qlyksa ij v/;;u fd;k x;kA
Crops taken up for study during different block years since 1996-97.
II. dqN ykxr ?kVdksa esa vlkekU;@vizR;kf'kr ifjorZuksa ds dkj.kA
Reasons for Unusual/Unexpected Changes in some of the Cost Components.
6. (v)
izeq[k Qlyksa dh iSnkokj dh ykxr dk v/;;u djus ds fy, O;kid ;kstuk ds vUrxZr Methodology/Procedure Adopted for Computing Various
Costs Under the Comprehensive Scheme for Studying the
vusd ykxrksa dk ifjdyu djus gsrq viukbZ xbZ iz.kkyh foKkku@izfØ ;k Cost of Cultivation of Principal Crops
1-Hkkjr esa ize[k Qlyksa dh iSnkokj dh ykxr dk v/;;u djus ds fy, ,d O;kid
q 1. The Comprehensive Scheme for Studying the Cost of Cultivation
;kstuk dks Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk fu;qDr fuos'k ykxr dh lwph ij rduhdh lfefr dh of Principal Crops in India was initiated in 1970-71 on the
recommendations of a Technical Committee on Indices of Input Costs
flQkfj'k ij 'kq: fd;k x;kA
appointed by Government of India.
2- Hkkjr ljdkj }kjk 1979 esa xfBr mRiknu vuqekuksa dh ykxr ij fo'kss"k vuqHkoh 2. The Special Expert Committee on Cost of Production Estimates,
lfefr us ml le; rd viukbZ xbZ ,dd Qly vkxeu ds LFkku ij Qly lewg constituted by the Government of India in 1979, recommended the
vkxeu viukus dh flQkfj'k dh gSA la'kksf/kr ykxr oxhZdj.k dk Hkh lq>ko fn;k x;k adoption of a crop complex approach to replace the single crop
approach followed till that time. A modified cost classification was
gSA fo'ks"k vuqHkoh lfefr dh bu flQkfj'kksa dks 1981&82 ls ykxw fd;k tk jgk gSA also suggested. These recommendations of the Special Expert
3- Hkkjr ljdkj us iqu% 1990 esa ,d fo'ks"kK lfefr dh fu;qfDr Qlyksa ds mRiknu Committee were implemented from 1981-82.
dh ykxr ds ckjs esa iz.kkyh foKku dh leh{kk ds fy, dhA bl lfefr dh Jfed ewY; 3. The Government of India again appointed in 1990 an Expert
Committee for Review of Methodology of Cost of Production of Crops.
fu/kkZj.k ls lacaf/kr flQkfj'kksa esa vkaf'kd la'kks/ku djrs gq,] ljdkj us ;g fu.kZ; fy;k gS Partially modifying the recommendation of this Committee relating to
fd Jfed ewY; fu/kkZj.k dk vk/kkj lakfof/kd etnwjh nj vFkok okLrfod cktkj nj ij valuation of labour, the Government decided that the basis of valuation
tks Hkh vf/kd gks] fd;k tkuk pkfg, A ljdkj us fdlkuksa ds izca/kdh; fuos'k dh x.kuk of labour should be statutory wage rate or the actual market rate
whichever is higher. The Government also accepted the Committee's
gsrq i`Fkd ykxr ¼ykxr x3½ ds lax.ku ls lacaf/kr lfefr dh flQkfj'kksa dks Hkh Lohdkj
recommendation relating to computation of a separate Cost (Cost C3)
dj fy;k gSA in order to account for managerial input of the farmers.
;kstuk dh izfrn'kZ :ijs[kk Sampling Design of the Scheme
4- ;kstuk dh :ijs[kk rhu pj.k Lofjr ;kn`fPNd izfrn'kZ :ijs[kk ftlesa rglhy 4. The design of the Scheme continues to be a three-stage
stratified random sampling design with tehsils as the first stage unit,
izFke pj.k ;wfuV ds :i esa xkao@xkaoksa dk lewg f}rh; pj.k ;wfuV ds :i esa rFkk tksr {ks= village/cluster of villages as the second-stage unit and holding as
r`rh; rFkk vfUre pj.k ;wfuV ds :i esa tkjh jgh A izR;sd jkT; dks Qly dVkbZ iSVuZ] the third and ultimate stage unit. Each State is demarcated into
Hkwfe vkdkj] o"kkZ vkfn ds vk/kkj ij le:i d`f"k ekSle {ks=ksa esa fu/kkfjr fd;k x;k gSA homogeneous agro-climatic zones based on cropping pattern, soil
type, rainfall etc. The primary sampling units (tehsils) are allocated to
izkFkfed izfrn'kZ ;wfuV ¼rglhy½dk vkacVu fHkUu&fHkUu {ks=ksa esa v/;;u esa 'kkfey lHkh different zones in proportion to the total area of all crops covered in
Qlyksa ds dqy {ks= ds vuqikr ds vuqlkj fd;k x;k gS A izkFkfed izfrn'kZ ¼uewuk½ the study. The primary sampling units are selected in each zone
;wfuVksa dk p;u izR;sd {ks= esa ¼Lrj½pqfuUnk Qlyksa ds vUrxZr Fkk] izfrLFkkiu ls {ks= ds (stratum) with probability proportional to the area under the selected
crops, and with replacement. Within each tehsil, the village/cluster is
lEHkkO;rk lekuqikrh ds vuqlkj fd;k tkrk gSA izR;sd rglhy es] xzke@lewg dk p;u Hkh
z a
also selected following the same procedure. In each selected village/
leku izfØ;k ds vuqlkj fd;k tkrk gSA izR;sd p;u fd;s x, xzke@lewg esa] lHkh cluster, all the operational holdings are enumerated and classified
lapkyukRed tksr {ks=ksa dh ifjx.kuk rFkk oxhZdj.k vkdkj ds vuqlkj 5 vkdkj Js.kh esa according to size into 5 size classes, the class limits being fixed
fd;k x;k gS] oxZ lhek dk fu/kkZj.k lHkh xkaoksa@lewgksa ds fy, ,d leku fd;k tk jgk uniformly for all villages/clusters. In each size class, two holdings
are selected by simple random sampling without replacement.
gSA izR;sd vkdkj Js.kh esa] nks tksr {ks=ksa dk p;u izfrLFkkiu ds fcuk lkekU; ;kn`fPNd However, if in any village/cluster, a particular size class does not
izfrn'kZ }kjk fd;k x;k rFkkfi] ;fn fdlh xkao@lewg esa] fo'ks"k vkdkj Js.kh eas ;gka rd contain even two holdings, more holdings are selected from the
fd nks tksr {ks= Hkh 'kkfey ugha gSa] vkSj vf/kd tksr dk p;u blh deh dks iwjk djus ds adjacent size classes to make up the deficit.
fy, fudVorhZ vkdkj Js.kh esa ls fd;k x;kA
ykxr ensa Cost Items
5- iSnkokj dh ykxr enksa esa nksuksa Hkqxrku dh xbZ ykxrksa ¼ikdsV O;; ls½ rFkk 5. The items of cost of cultivation cover both paid out cost (out of
vkjksfir ykxr dks doj fd;k x;k gSA bu ykxrksa ds vUrxZr ykbZ xbZ ensa bl izdkj gSa%μ pocket expenses) and the imputed costs. The items covered under
these costs are:
Paid-out costs:
¼i½ HkkM+s ij fy;s x;s Je ¼ekuo] i'kq rFk e'khujh½ (i) Hired labour (human, animal and machinery).
¼ii½ LokfeRo okys i'kq rFkk e'khujh ds j[k&j[kko O;;A (ii) Maintenance expenses on owned animals and machinery.
¼iii½ lkexzh fuos'kksa tSls cht¼?kjsyw rS;kj fd;s x;s rFkk [kjhns x;s½ rFkk moZjd [kkn (iii) Expenses on material inputs such as seed (home grown and
purchased), fertiliser, Manure (owned & purchased),
¼LokfeRo rFkk [kjhnh xbZ½ dhVuk'kd rFkk flapkbZA Pesticides and Irrigation.
¼iv½ vkStkj rFkk QkeZ Hkouksa ¼tSls i'kq 'ksM] e'khu 'ksM@Hk.Mkj.k 'ksM ij ewY; (iv) Depreciation on implements and farm buildings (such as cattle
gzklA sheds, machine sheds, storage sheds).
¼ v ½ Hkw&jktLoA (v) Land revenue.
¼iv½ yht ij yh XkbZ Hkwfe ds fy, Hkqxrku fd;k x;k fdjk;kA (vi) Rent paid for leased-in-land.
vkjksfir ykxrsa% Imputed Costs:
ikfjokfjd Je ewY;@fdlku dh izca/kdh; fuos'k&LokfeRo Hkwfe fdjk;k rFkk Lo;a Value of family labour/managerial input of the farmer, rent of
owned land and interest on owned fixed capital for which the farmer
fu;r iwath ij C;kt ftlds fy, fdlku dks dksbZ udn O;; ugha djuk iM+rkA does not incur any cash expenses.
7. (vi)
vkjksi.k izfØ ;k % Imputation Procedures:
6. Some of the inputs used in production process come from
6- mRiknu izfØ;k esa mi;ksx esa yk, x, dqNsd fuos'k ikfjokfjd lzksrksa ls fy, tkrs family sources. The procedure adopted for deriving imputed values
gSA bu fuos'kksa ds fy, vkjksfir ewY; fudkyus ds fy, viukbZ xbZ izfØ;k fuEu izdkj gS%
a of these inputs is as under:
ensa izfØ;k Items Procedure
(i) Family labour On the basis of statutory wage rate
(i) ikfjokfjd etnwjh lkafof/kd etnwjh nj vFkok okLrfod foi.ku] or actual market rate whichever is
nj] tks Hkh vf/kd gks] ds vk/kkj ijA higher.
(ii) futh i'kqJfed j[k&j[kko dh ykxr ds vk/kkj ij ftlesa (ii) Owned animal On the basis of cost of maintenance
labour which includes the following:
fuEu 'kkfey gaS %
(a) Cost of green and fry fodder,
¼d½ gjs rFkk Hkqus gq, pkjs dh ykxr]
(b) Cost of concentrates,
¼[k½ ladsfUnzr ykxr ¼dUlsaVsªV~l ykxr½]
(c) Depreciation on animals & cattle
¼x½ i'kq rFkk eos'kh 'ksM ij ewY;âkl] (c) sheds,
¼?k½ Jfed izHkkj vuqj{k.k]
(d) Upkeep labour charges,
¼³½ vU; [kpsZ] ;fn dksbZ gksA
(e) Other expenses, if any.
(iii) LokfeRo e'khujh izHkkj QkeZ e'khujh ftlesa Mhty] fo|qr] Lusgd] (iii) Owned machinery On the basis of cost of maintenance
voewY;u ejEer rFkk vU; [kpsZ] ;fn dksbZ charges of farm machinery which includes
diesel, electricity, lubricants,
'kkfey gks] ds j[k&j[kko ds vk/kkj ijA depreciation, repairs and other
(iv) vkStkj y?kq ejEer ds dkj.k voewY;u rFkk izHkkj expenses, if any.
(iv) Implements Depreciation & charges on account
(v) QkeZ esa mRikfnr [kkn xkao esa izpfyr njksa dk ewY;kadu of minor repairs.
(vi) LokfeRo okyh Hkwfe dk xka o ks a ea s leku iz d kj dh Hkw f e vFkok (v) Farm Produced Evaluation at rates prevailing in the
fdjk;k tSlk fd uewuk fdlkuksa esa lwfpr fd;k gS] c'krsZ manure village.
fd ;g lacaf/kr jkT; ds Hkw&fo/kku esa fn;k x;k (vi) Rent of owned land Estimated on the basis of prevailing
rents in the village for identical type
mfpr fdjk, dh lhek ds vuqlkj] izpfyr of land or as reported by the sample
fdjk;s ds vk/kkj ij vkdyuA farmers, subject to the ceiling of fair
rents given in the land legislation of
(vii) LokfeRo fu;r iwath ij fu;r ifjlEifr ij 10% okf"kZd nj ls fy, the concerned State.
C;kt x, orZeku ewY; ij C;ktA (vii) Interest on owned Interest on present value of fixed
Fixed Capital assets charged at the rate of 10%
(viii) izpkyu iwath ij C;kt izpkyu iwath ij Qly dh vk/kh vof/k ds per annum.
fy, izfro"kZ 12-5 izfr'kr dh nj ls C;kt (viii) Interest on Working Interest is charged at the rate of
fy;k tkrk gSA Capital 12.5% per annum on the working
capital for half the period of crop.
(ix) Hkqxrku dk rjhdk #i;s ds cnys esa fdlh oLrq }kjk Hkqxrkuksa dk
(ix) Kind payments The kind payments are evaluated at
ewY;kadu] xkaoksa esa izpfyr ewY;ksa] ml le; prices prevalent in the village at the
tc ;g Hkqxrku fd, tkrs gSaA time such payments are made.
(x) Main product & by- Imputed on the basis of post-harvest
(x) eq[; mRiknu rFkk xkS.k mRiknu pqfuUnk xkaoksa esa iSnkokj ds ckn izpfyr ewY;ksa product prices prevailing in the slected
ds vk/kkj ij vkjksfir fd;k tkrk gSA villages.
ykxr ifjdYiuk % Cost Concepts:
7- ykxrksa dks dfri; ykxr ladYiuk dks viukdj fudkyk tkrk gSA izR;sd 7. Costs are generated following certain cost concepts. These
voèkj.kk esa 'kkfey bu ykxr ladYiuk rFkk ykxr dh enksa dks uhps fn;k x;k gS% cost concepts and the items of costs included under each concept
are given below:
(i) HkkM+s ij fy;s x;s ekuo Je dk ewY; (i) Value of hired human labour
(ii) HkkM+s ij fy;s x;s cSy Je dk ewY; (ii) Value of hired bullock labour
(iii) LokfeRo cSy Je dk ewY; (iii) Value of owned bullock labour
(iv) Value of owned machinery labour
(iv) LokfeRo e'khu Je dk ewY;
(v) Hired machinery charges :
(v) fdjk;s ij yh xbZ e'khujh dk izHkkj %
(i) Value of seed (both farm produced and purchases)
(i) chtksa dk ewY; ¼QkeZ esa rS;kj fd;s x;s rFkk [kjhns x;s½
(ii) dhVuk'kh rFkk dhVuk'kd dk ewY; (ii) Value of insecticides and pesticides
(iii) [kkn dk ewY; ¼rS;kj fd;k x;k rFkk [kjhnk x;k½ (iii) Value of manure (owned and purchased)
(iv) moZjd dk ewY; (iv) Value of fertilizer
(v) vkStkjksa rFkk QkeZ Hkouksa ij ewY;âkl (v) Depreciation on implements and farm buildings
8. (vii)
(vi) flapkbZ izHkkj (vi) Irrigation charges
(vii) Hkw&jktLo] midj rFkk vU; dj (vii) Land revenue, cesses and other taxes
(viii) izpkyu iwath ij C;kt (viii) Interest on working capital
(ix) fofo/k [kpsZ (ix) Miscellaneous expenses
ykxr d1 % ykxr d1 $ iês ij yh xbZ Hkwfe ds fy, Hkqxrku fd;k x;k fdjk;k Cost A1 : Cost A1+ rent paid for leased-in-land
ykxr [k1 % ykxr d1 $ LokfeRo okyh fu/kkZfjr iwath ifjlEifr ds ewY; ij C;kt Cost B1 : Cost A1 + interest on value of owned fixed capital
¼Hkwfe ds vykok½ assets (excluding land)
ykxr [k2 % ykxr [k1 $ LokfeRo okyh Hkwfe ds ckjs esa fdjk;k ewY; ¼fuoy Cost B2 : Cost B1 + rental value of owned land (net of land
revenue) and rent paid for leased-in land
Hkw&jktLo½ rFkk iês ij yh xbZ Hkwfe ds fy, Hkqxrku fd;k x;k fdjk;kA
ykxr x1 % ykxr [k1 $ ikfjokfjd Je dk vkjksfir ewY; Cost C1 : Cost B1+ imputed value of family labour
ykxr x2 % ykxr [k2 $ ikfjokfjd Je dk vkjksfir ewY; Cost C2 : Cost B2 + imputed value of family labour
ykxr x2 * % ykxr x2 $ vf/kd nj ds mi;ksx }kjk vk/kkfjr ekuo Je ds vfrfjDr Cost C2* : Cost C2 + Additional value of human labour based on
ewY; vFkkZr~ lkafof/kd etnwjh nj vFkok okLrfod foi.ku njA ;g use of higher rate. i.e. Statutory Wage rate or the
actual market rate. This is an intermediate Concept
e/;orhZ ladYiuk gSA
ykxr x3 % ykxr x2 $ fdlku ds ckjs esa izca/kdh; fuos'k fudkyus ds fy, Cost C3 : Cost C 2*+ 10 percent of cost C 2* to account for
managerial input of the farmer
ykxr x2 * dk 10 izfr'krA
la;qDr ykxrksa dk vkcaVu % Allocation of Joint Costs :
8- izkIr O;;] vFkok vkjksfir dqNsd ykxr ensa iw.kZ rkSj ij QkeZ ls lacaf/kr gSaA ,sls 8. The expenditure incurred on, or imputed for, some of the cost
items relate to the farm as a whole. Such joint costs are allocated to
la;Dr ykxrksa dk vkcaVu oS;fDrd m|eks] i'kq/ku rFkk blh izdkj dh fHkUu&fHkUu Jsf.k;ksa
q a individual enterprises, among different categories of livestock and
ij fd;k tkrk gS A QkeZ Hkouksa] midj.kksa ij voewY;u] Hkw&fdjk;k Hkw&jktLo] midjksa so on. Depreciation on farm buildings implements, land rents, land
rFkk djksa LokfeRo fu;e iwath ij C;kt] ,slh ykxrsa gSa ftudk vkcaVu oS;fDrd Qly revenue, cesses and taxes, interest on owned fixed capital are
such costs which are allocated to individual crop enterprises in
m|eksa dks muds {ks=ksa ds vuqikr ds vuqlkj fd;k tkrk gSA i'kq/ku ij ykxr dk vkcaVu proportion to their areas. The cost on livestock is allocated to each
tkuojksa dh izR;sd Js.kh dks fdlkuksa ds LokfeRo okys tkuojksa dh dqy la[;k ls bldh category of animals in proportion of its numbers to the total number
la[;k ds vuqikr ds vk/kkj ij fd;k tkrk gSA of animals owned by the farmer.
la;qDr ykxrksa dk vkcaVu % Apportionment of Joint Costsm :
9. The apportionment of total cost incurred jointly for different
9- fefJr Qly esa mxkbZ xbZ fHkUu&fHkUu Qlyksa ds fy, la;qDr :i ls izkIr dqy
crops grown in crop mixtures is done in proportion to the total value
ykxr dk vkcaVu fefJr Qly esa oS;fDrd Qlyksa }kjk fd;s x;s ;ksxnku dks iSnkokj of output contributed by individual crops in the crop mixtures. The
dh dqy ewY; ds vuqikr eas fd;k tkrk gSA eq[; mRiknu rFkk xkS.k mRiknu ds chp iSnkokj apportionment of total cost of cultivation between the main product
dh dqy ykxr dk vkcaVu iSnkokj ds dqy ewY; esa va'knku ds vuqikr ds vuqlkj fd;k and the by-product is done in the proportion to their contribution to
tkrk gSA the total value of output.
QkeZ ifjlEifr dk ewY;kadu % Evaluation of Farm Assets :
10- QkeZ ifjlEifr ds ewY;kadu ds fy, fuEufyf[kr izfØ;k viukbZ tkrh 10. The following procedure is adopted for the evaluation of farm
assets:—
gS%μ
ensa izfØ ;k Item Procedure
LokfeRo rFkk Lo;a tksrh Hkwfe ds izdkj esa vUrjksa] flapkbZ vkfn ds lzksr Owned & self-cultivated Evaluated at rates prevalent in
land the Village taking into account
xbZ Hkwfe ls nwjh dks /;ku esa j[krs gq,] xkao esa izpfyr the differences in type of
soil,distance from source of
njksa ij ewY;kadu fd;k tkrk gSA
irrigation, etc.
QkeZ Hkou ¼eos'kh 'ksM] xkao esa izpfyr njksa ij ewY;kadu fd;k x;k gSA Farm building (cattle sheds, Evaluated at rates prevailing in
Hk.Mkj.k 'ksM] vkfn½ Storage sheds, etc.) the village.
midj.k rFkk vU; foi.ku ewY;ksa ij Implements and other Farm Evaluated at market prices
QkeZ e'khujh ewY;kadu fd;k x;kA Machinery
Livestock Evaluated at market prices
i'kq/ku foi.ku ewY;ksa ij
ewY;kadu fd;k x;kA
9. (viii)
jkT;okj] Qlyokj ,oa o"kZokj vkadM+s izi=
izfr gsDVkj dk'r dh ykxr¼#ñ½@Cost of Cultivation per hect. (Rs.)
d1@A1
d2@A2
[k1@B1
[k2@B2
x1@C1
x2@C2
x2 ¼la'kksfèr½@C2 (Revised)
izfr fDoaVy mRiknu dh ykxr ¼#ñ½@Cost of Production per Qtl. (Rs.)
d1@A1
d2@A2
[k1@B1
[k2@B2
x1@C1
x2@C2
x2 ¼la'kksfèr½@C2 (Revised)
x3@C3
izfr gsDVkj eq[; mRikn dh ykxr ¼#ñ½@Value of Main Product/hect. (Rs.)
izfr gsDVkj mi&mRikn dh ykxr¼#ñ½@Value of By-Product/hect. (Rs.)
lkexzh ,oa Je fuos'k izfr gsDVkj@Meterial & Labour input /hect. of:
cht ¼fdñxzkñ½@Seed (Kg.)
moZjd ¼fdñxzkñ iks"kd½@Fertilizer (Kg. Nutrients)
[kkn ¼fDoaVy½@Manure (Qtl.)
ekuo Je ¼ekuo ?kaVs½@Human Labour (Man hrs.)
i'kq Je ¼tksM+h ?kaVs½@Animal Labour (Pair hrs.)
izfr bdkbZ nj ¼#ñ½@Rate per Unit (Rs.)
cht ¼fdñxzkñ½@Seed (Kg.)
moZjd ¼fdñxzkñ iks"kd½@Fertilizer (Kg. Nutrients)
[kkn ¼fDoaVy½@Manure (Qtl.)
ekud Je ¼ekuo ?kaVs½@Human Labour (Man hrs.)
i'kq Je ¼tksM+h ?kaVs½@Animal Labour (Pair hrs.)
vLi"V nj ¼#ñ@fDoaVy½@Implicit Rate (Rs./qtl.)
uewuk tksr ¼lañ½@Holdings in Sample (No.)
uewuk rglhy ¼lañ½@Tehsils in Sample (No.)
izfr gsDVkj mit ¼izkIr dh½ ¼fDoaVy½@Yield (Derived per hect. (Qtl.)
izfr gsDVkj mit ¼th lh bZ ,l½ ¼fDoaVy½@Yield (GCES) per hect. (Qtl.)
10. (ix)
ens a @ Items
dk;Z'khy ykxr@Operational Cost
ekuo Je@Human Labour
ikfjokfjd@Family
lfEefyr@Attached
vfu;fer@Casual
;ksx@Total
cSy Je@Bullock Labour
fdjk;s ij@Hired
LokfeRo@Owned
;ksx@Total
e'khu Je@Machine Labour
fdjk;s ij@Hired
LofeRo@Owned
;ksx@Total
cht@Seed
moZjd ,oa [kkn@Fertilizer & Manure
moZjd@Fertilizer
[kkn@Manure
;ksx@Total
uk'kdhV@Insecticides
flapkbZ izHkkj@Irrigation Charges
fofoè@Miscellaneous
dk;Z'khy iwath ij C;kt@Interest on Working Capital
fu;r ykxr@Fixed Costs
LokfeRo Hkwfe dk fdjk;k ewY;@Rental Value of Owned Land
yht ij yh xbZ Hkwfe dk Hkqxrku fd;k x;k fdjk;k@Rent Paid for Leased-in-Land
Hkwfe jktLo dj rFkk midj@Land Revenue Taxes & Cesses
vkStkj rFkk QkeZ Hkou ij voewY;u@Dep. on Implements & F. Bldg.
fu;r iwath ij C;kt@Interest on Fixed Capital
dqy ykxr@Total Cost
15. (xvi)
ifjf'k"V & II / Appendix - II
dqNsd ykxr la?kVdksa esa vlkekU;@vizR;kf'kr ifjorZu ds dkj.k % Reasons for Unusual/Unexpected Changes in Some of
the Cost Components
1- d`f"k mRiknu eq[;r% izd`fr rFkk LFkkuh; ekSle vlkekU;rk ¼'khr rkieku esa 1. Agricultural production is largely guided by nature and the local
vkdfLed o`f)] Hkkjh o"kkZ vkaèh vkfn½ ij fuHkZj gSA ;g rRo vusd d`f"k lacaèh dk;ksZ weather aberrations (frost, abrupt rise in temperature, heavy rainfall,
rFkk mRiknu dks izHkkfor djrs gSa] ftlesa fHkUu&fHkUu ykxr ?kVdksa esa vUrZ%vLFkk;h rFkk hailstorm etc.). These factors affect many agricultural operations
and production leading to inter-temporal and spatial variations in
LFkkfud ifjorZu gksrk gSA different cost elements.
2- ?kVd tSls okVj&Vscy esa ladqpu] b±èu ewY;ksa esa ifjorZu] Mhty iEi lSVksa dk 2. Factors like shrinking water table, changes in fuel prices, use
ugj ty vkfn dk Qly {ks=ksa esa iqu% tyekxZ gsrw mi;ksx djuk] o"kkZ dh ?kVuk,a of diesel pump-sets for re-channeling canal water etc. to the crop
egRoiw.kZ ?kVd gS ftlds QyLo:i flapkbZ ij O;; esa okf"kZd mrkj&p<+ko gksrk gSA fields, incidence of rainfall are the important factors that attribute
towards yearly fluctuations in expenses on account of irrigation.
3- [kkn dk mi;ksx fu;fer vkèkj ij ugha fd;k tkrk rFkk vfèdrj bldk mi;ksx 3. Manures are not used on a regular basis and mostly applied in
gj rhljs o"kZ fd;k tkrk gSA xk; ds xkscj ds oSdfYid mi;ksx ls Qly mRiknu lacaèh alterante years. Alternative use of cow dung affects the availability
dk;ks± ds fy, [kkn dh miyCèrk ij izHkko iM+rk gSA vU; ckrksa ds lkFk&lkFk moZjd dk of manure for crop production activities and affects its price. Use of
fertilisers depends, inter-alia, upon the prevailing prices and
mi;ksx fHkUu&fHkUu Qly vofè ds nkSjku] fdlkuksa ds ikl miyCè lalkèuksa rFkk resources available with the farmers during different crop periods.
izpfyr ewY;ksa ij fuHkZj djrk gSA
4- fHkUu&fHkUu izns'kksa rFkk fHkUu&fHkUu o"kksZ esa LFkkuh; rFkk ladj chtksa dk vuqikr] 4. The proportion of local and hybrid seeds in different regions
Qlyksa tSls èku] xUuk ds ekeys esa jksi.k fd;s x;s rFkk isM+h ¼Ratoon½ Qly dk and in different years, the combination of broadcasting and
lfEeJ.k rFkk izkd`frd rRoksa] vkfn }kjk {kfr igqapk, x, vFkok xSj&vadqj.k ds dkj.k transplantation method of sowing for the crops like paddy,
combination of planted and ratoon crop in the case of sugarcane
iqu% cqvkbZ ds mnkgj.kkFkZ cqvkbZ dk izlkj.k rFkk izfrjksi.k iz.kkyh ds la;kstu ls] vDlj and instances of resowing due to non germination or damage caused
mi;ksx esa yk, x, chtksa dh ek=k ¼cht nj½ izsfDVl rFkk blds ewY; esa fHkUurk vkrh by natural factors etc. often cause variation in quantity of seed used
gSA (seed rate) in practice and its value.
5- fuos'k dk dkjxj <ax ls mi;ksx] mfpr LFkkuh; ekSle n'kk] dhVuk'kd rFkk tUrq 5. Efficiency in use of inputs, favourable local weather condition,
dh de ?kVukvksa rFkk vU; ,sls izkd`frd rF;ksa] ls izk;% fuos'k ds mi;ksx esa fcuk vuq:i less incidence of insects and pests and such other natural factors
o`f) ls iSnkokj esa o`f) gksrh gSA often improve the yield without a corresponding increase in the use
of inputs.
6- pkjs dh miyCèrk] fo'ks"kdj lw[kk o"kksZ ds nkSjku bldh deh] ladsfUnzr ds ewY;ksa 6. Availability of fodder, particularly its scarcity in drought years,
es] pkjk vkfn esa ifjorZu ds dkj.k j[k&j[kko ykxr ds ifjorZu gksus ls i'kqJe dh ykxr
a changes in maintenance cost owing to changes in prices of
esa Hkh ifjorZu gks tkrk gSA mi;qZDr rF;ksa ds vykok dqNsd ekeyksa esa] i'kq Je ds de concentrates, fodders etc. lead to changes in the cost of animal
labour. Besides the above factors, full time maintenance cost of the
mi;ksx vFkok mi;ksx ugha djus ls i'kqvksa ds iw.kZdkfyd j[k&j[kko ykxr esa i'kqJe ds animals against less use or no use of animal labour in some cases
?kaVsokj nj esa ,dk,d o`f) gks tkrh gSA shoot up the hourly rate of animal labour.
7- mi;qZDr ds vfrfjDr] fHkUu&fHkUu fdlkuksa }kjk fofHkUu QkeZ iSzfDVl mlh izns'k esa] 7. Above all, different farm practices even in the same region by
lapkfyr {ks= dk vkdkj fdlh fo'ks"k Qly ds fy, fo'ks"k o"kZ esa izklkafxd de egRo different farmers, size of the operated area, assigning of relative
vFkok vfèd egRo fuèkZj.k djus ls izk;% fuos'k mi;ksx] mudh ykxr rFkk mRikndrk less importance or more importance to a particular crop in a particular
year often give rise to variation in input use, their costs and
ds ifjorZu esa o`f) gksrh gSA productivity.