Lambda phage is a type of temperate bacteriophage that infects E. coli and has an icosahedral head and a long tail for attachment and penetration of bacterial cells. It is implicated in various infections such as respiratory, gastrointestinal, urinary tract, skin infections, and STIs. Additionally, lambda phage can be utilized in phage therapy to specifically target and eliminate antibiotic-resistant bacteria.

1. lambda phage
presentation by - ValVal, Rosalynn

2. Nucleic acid
Belongs to a group of related temperate phage (lambdoids)
Nature host on the E.Coli,
Nucleic acid
- Double strand DNA (Caudovirales)
- Linear DNA
- Enclose in protein capsid
Most commonly used double stranded phage coloring vector

3. Shape
Head: The head of the lambda phage is icosahedral, meaning it has a shape
resembling a polyhedron with 20 triangular faces. This part of the phage contains
the genetic material (DNA).
Tail: The phage has a long, flexible tail that extends from the head. The tail is used
to attach to and penetrate the bacterial cell wall.
Tail Fibers: These are projections from the tail that help the phage attach to the
host bacterium
Base Plate: The base plate is located at the end of the tail and helps in the
attachment process by interacting with the bacterial cell surface.
In summary, lambda phage has an icosahedral head and a tail with tail fibers, giving
it a classic bacteriophage morphology. This structure is important for its ability to
infect bacterial cells

4. Mode of infection
1. Direct contact (eg. infected wounds)
2. Airborne transmission (droplets of air- cough, sneeze)
3. Sexual transmission
4. Contaminated food and water
5. Environmental exposure (soils etc.)

5. lambda phage
Symptom
1. Respiratory infections
a. pneumonia (cough fever chills short of breath and chest pain),
b. Tubercluosis (Persistent cough, chest pain, coughing blood, sweats and
weight loss)
c. Gastrointestinal infections
d. Salmonella (diarrhea, abdominal cramps, fever, nausea and vomiting)
2. Urinary tract infections-
a. Escherichia coli (E.coli- painful urination, frequent urination, lower abdominal
pain, fever)
3. Skin infections-
a. Staphylococcus aureus (red, swollen, painful areas of the skin, sometimes
fever)
4. STIs-
a. Chlamydia (pain during urination, abnormal discharge and pelvic pain)

6. Latent cycle
Involve the repressor protein, switch off certain gene
sequence, show no symptom or mild symptom,
Hide and wait for the host cell to be weaken
Time period:

7. Cure
Lambda phage are a type of bactreria (bacteriophage) that target
specific to the bacteria, it could be used to treat disease - Phage
therapy
Target specific and kills bacteria, to treat infection, specific to
antibiotic-resistance bacteria
- E.Coli