Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) adalah sekelompok penyakit paru yang menghambat aliran udara pada pernapasan saat menarik napas atau menghembuskan napas.
Efficiency of newer generation edge wise applience /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Torquing in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Torque new /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
Penyakit Paru Obstruktif Kronis (PPOK) adalah sekelompok penyakit paru yang menghambat aliran udara pada pernapasan saat menarik napas atau menghembuskan napas.
Efficiency of newer generation edge wise applience /certified fixed orthodont...Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Torquing in orthodontics /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dent...Indian dental academy
Welcome to Indian Dental Academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in continuing dental education , training dentists in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide range of dental certified courses in different formats.
Indian dental academy has a unique training program & curriculum that provides students with exceptional clinical skills and enabling them to return to their office with high level confidence and start treating patients
Indian Dental Academy: will be one of the most relevant and exciting training center with best faculty and flexible training programs for dental professionals who wish to advance in their dental practice,Offers certified courses in Dental implants,Orthodontics,Endodontics,Cosmetic Dentistry, Prosthetic Dentistry, Periodontics and General Dentistry.
Torque new /certified fixed orthodontic courses by Indian dental academy Indian dental academy
The Indian Dental Academy is the Leader in
continuing dental education , training dentists
in all aspects of dentistry and offering a wide
range of dental certified courses in different
formats.
Indian dental academy provides dental crown &
Bridge,rotary endodontics,fixed orthodontics,
Dental implants courses.for details pls visit
www.indiandentalacademy.com ,or call
0091-9248678078
3. B.ETIOLOGI
Etiologi penyakit ini belum diketahui.
Penyakit ini dikaitkan dengan faktor-faktor
risiko yang terdapat pada penderita antara lain:
Kebiasaan merokok
Polusi udara
Paparan debu, asap, dan gas-gas kimiawi akibat
kerja.
Riwayat infeksi saluran nafas.
5. D.TANDA DAN
GEJALA
•Batuk
produktif, kronis pada
bulan-bulan musim dingin.
Batuk kronik dan pembentukan
sputum purulen dalam jumlah yang
sangat banyak.
•Dispnea.
•Nafas pendek dan cepat
(Takipnea).
•Anoreksia.
•Penurunan berat badan dan
kelemahan.
6. E. Dampak terhadap sistem
tubuh
•Tanda-tanda
vital
Terjadi peningkatan denyut nadi, pernapasan cepat, peningkatan TD
•Sistem pernapasan
Mengganggu sistem pernapasan terjadi penyempitan saluran nafas
sehingga dapat mengakibatkan sesak napas
Sistem kardiovaskuler
Pada sistem kardiovaskuler terjadi peningkatan frekuensi
jantung/takikardia berat, disritmia, edema dependend
•Sistem pencernaan
Mengganggu sistem pencernaan, ketidakmampuan untuk makan
karena distress pernapasan.
•Sistem muskuloskeletal
Terjadi penurunan kemampuan, ketidakmampuan untuk melakukan
aktifitas sehari-hari.
7. F.PATOFISIOLOGI DAN PENYIMPANGAN
KDM
Fungsi paru mengalami kemunduran dengan datangnya usia tua yang disebabkan
elastisitas jaringan paru dan dinding dada makin berkurang. Dalam usia yang
lebih lanjut, kekuatan kontraksi otot pernapasan dapat berkurang sehingga sulit
bernapas.
Fungsi paru-paru menentukan konsumsi oksigen seseorang, yakni jumlah oksigen
yang diikat oleh darah dalam paru-paru untuk digunakan tubuh.Konsumsi
oksigen sangat erat hubungannya dengan arus darah ke paru-paru.Berkurangnya
fungsi paru-paru juga disebabkan oleh berkurangnya fungsi sistem respirasi
seperti fungsi ventilasi paru.
Faktor-faktor risiko tersebut diatas akan mendatangkan proses inflamasi bronkus
dan juga menimbulkan kerusakan pada dinding bronkiolus terminalis. Akibat dari
kerusakan akan terjadi obstruksi bronkus kecil (bronkiolus terminalis), yang
mengalami penutupan atau obstruksi awal fase ekspirasi. Udara yang mudah
masuk ke alveoli pada saat inspirasi, pada saat ekspirasi banyak terjebak dalam
alveolus dan terjadilah penumpukan udara (air trapping).