Contract Closing is one of the important POST Award activity of the Contract Management.
The process involves settling of Contract Closing Procedures, thereby helping the agencies having executed the jobs successfully, in realizing their Final / Retained payments from their CLIENTS, which is mostly to the tune of 10 to 15 % of the Contract Value.
Overview to Contract Mangement includes the understanding of contract and contract management, it's issues, resources required, contingency plans and detailed analysis at planning stage.
Contract Closing is one of the important POST Award activity of the Contract Management.
The process involves settling of Contract Closing Procedures, thereby helping the agencies having executed the jobs successfully, in realizing their Final / Retained payments from their CLIENTS, which is mostly to the tune of 10 to 15 % of the Contract Value.
Overview to Contract Mangement includes the understanding of contract and contract management, it's issues, resources required, contingency plans and detailed analysis at planning stage.
Agreement between investors or owners of a project, and a management company hired for coordinating and overseeing a contract”.
A business or an organization will hire a management company to perform specific tasks. Your organization might hire a management company to look after its marketing and under the contract, the management company would perform marketing on your company’s behalf and receive a fee for doing so.
The compensation for the management might be decided based on performance or it can be a set sum decided between you are the management company.
Contract Management - Generating Real Value from your ContractsTejari
- Why do we actually do contract management?
- The fundamentals - managing value and risk
- Contract administration, performance, risk and change management
- Technology, people and skills issues around contract management
contract management, stages of contract managementVISHAKA BOTHRA
Contract management, management of contract, stages of contract management, role of client, main duties of client, role of contractor, role of subcontractor, role of architect, responsibilities of architect, site supervision, responsibilities of site supervisor, relation between contractor and architect
ProcureAvenue’s Contract Management will streamline and automate the processes of contract management. It will maximize profits, reduce cost and take care of all contractual terms and risks in one repository.
A contract agreement is the bible of a project. It contains all the terms, conditions, specifications, ifs & buts. To effectively execute a project, the contract needs to be managed. The article enlists all the steps of contract management.
Procurement is the acquisition of goods and/or services at the best possible total cost of ownership, in the right quantity and quality, at the right time, in the right place and from the right source for the direct benefit or use of corporations, or individuals, generally via a contract. Procurement planning identifies which part/s of the project should be procured from resources outside of the organization. Weather or not to procure resources from outside depends upon what is more cost effective and certain other factors.
One of the most important aspects of procurement is contract and vendor management. There are different type of contract, out of which an organization chooses the most profitable one for its project. Contract closure includes setting all planned objectives with the vendor and the confirmation that all obligations of the contract were met as expected. The final step is the project closure which includes processes at various levels of the organization.
Contract management in tourism concessions Giju VargheseAnna Spenceley
A presentation on more than a decade of tourism concessions experience in national parks of South Africa. Lessons learned by South African National Parks (SANParks) were presented by Giju Varghese.
E Procurement Explained, Need, Key Features, Benefits and Case Studies:
1. E-Procurement in Government of Andhra Pradesh, India
2. E-Procurement by Indian Railways
3. IBM's B2B e-Procurement
4. Rolls Royce e-Procurement
5. Hewlett-Packard’s e-Procurement System
Agreement between investors or owners of a project, and a management company hired for coordinating and overseeing a contract”.
A business or an organization will hire a management company to perform specific tasks. Your organization might hire a management company to look after its marketing and under the contract, the management company would perform marketing on your company’s behalf and receive a fee for doing so.
The compensation for the management might be decided based on performance or it can be a set sum decided between you are the management company.
Contract Management - Generating Real Value from your ContractsTejari
- Why do we actually do contract management?
- The fundamentals - managing value and risk
- Contract administration, performance, risk and change management
- Technology, people and skills issues around contract management
contract management, stages of contract managementVISHAKA BOTHRA
Contract management, management of contract, stages of contract management, role of client, main duties of client, role of contractor, role of subcontractor, role of architect, responsibilities of architect, site supervision, responsibilities of site supervisor, relation between contractor and architect
ProcureAvenue’s Contract Management will streamline and automate the processes of contract management. It will maximize profits, reduce cost and take care of all contractual terms and risks in one repository.
A contract agreement is the bible of a project. It contains all the terms, conditions, specifications, ifs & buts. To effectively execute a project, the contract needs to be managed. The article enlists all the steps of contract management.
Procurement is the acquisition of goods and/or services at the best possible total cost of ownership, in the right quantity and quality, at the right time, in the right place and from the right source for the direct benefit or use of corporations, or individuals, generally via a contract. Procurement planning identifies which part/s of the project should be procured from resources outside of the organization. Weather or not to procure resources from outside depends upon what is more cost effective and certain other factors.
One of the most important aspects of procurement is contract and vendor management. There are different type of contract, out of which an organization chooses the most profitable one for its project. Contract closure includes setting all planned objectives with the vendor and the confirmation that all obligations of the contract were met as expected. The final step is the project closure which includes processes at various levels of the organization.
Contract management in tourism concessions Giju VargheseAnna Spenceley
A presentation on more than a decade of tourism concessions experience in national parks of South Africa. Lessons learned by South African National Parks (SANParks) were presented by Giju Varghese.
E Procurement Explained, Need, Key Features, Benefits and Case Studies:
1. E-Procurement in Government of Andhra Pradesh, India
2. E-Procurement by Indian Railways
3. IBM's B2B e-Procurement
4. Rolls Royce e-Procurement
5. Hewlett-Packard’s e-Procurement System
Procurement Training- Getting ready with Contract ManagementSheila Elliott
Business Services Support Ltd offers training in contract writing and contract management. This presentation takes you through some of the key points to watch out for in contract management.
Tender Process | A Complete Procurement GuideTender Process
All about Tenders and its Process | Here you will get all the information regarding tenders (Procurement) like what is tender, what is its process, types of tender, how to search tenders, what to do and what not to do in tendering, how to search tenders and more.... you can check our website for more details which is : http://tenderprocess.weebly.com/
Construction contract_Existing and Proposed Accounting StandardsAdi Iskandar Iliyas
The slides contained information gathered from accounting standards applicable to construction contract as well as some examples on disclosures by Malaysian companies.
The slides were co-prepared by fellow classmates, whose name appears in the 1st slide.
Construction Contracts: Basics of Contracts and Contract AdministrationGerald R. (Jerry) Genge
The CCDC 2 Stipulated Price Contract is the "go to" document for construction contracts. Learn the basic components and roles of eth parties to the contract.
Training Slides of An Overview of the FIDIC FORMS OF CONTRACTand Contracts Committee Activities .
For further information regarding the course, please contact:
info@asia-masters.com
www.asia-masters.com
This was a presentation delivered by Robert Langley, partner and head of the construction and engineering team at Muckle LLP, on Tuesday 7th October. The event was organised and hosted by the APM North East branch and was entitled 'Project contracts and how they support collaborative working'. It was held at the Radisson Blu hotel in Durham.
Breakfast for the Mind: Issues with Procurement & TenderingNow Dentons
This presentation addresses all aspects of Procurement and Tendering, including: Basic Principles of Tender Law, RFP's and Tendering, Procurement Models, drafting effective RFP's, as well as issues relating to Public Procurement.
Arbitration Dispute Cross Arguments: Asia NGPipeline -Substance of EPC contra...César del Riego y Fuentes
Case study: ARBITRATION DISPUTE CROSS ARGUMENTS- PROJECTS that EPC CONTRACTS ARE NOT INTENDED TO- case study: Central Asia Natural Gas Pipeline megaproject Claimant/Respondant Argumentation. Study of the Substance of the EPC contract and main features preventing them from being used in certain projects. The huge assumptions of the Contractor (including site ground and unforeseeable events) makes EPC contracts not (supposedly) intended for variations and should be scope closed. Unfortunatelly the usual think is that the Contractors do engage in EPC contracts that will certainly lead to huge liquidated damages and eventIually trigger the bid/performance bonds with no/very limit resource to the contractor. Intensive ground/Underground. Flagship projects not previous experience. Drawings approval by the employer. No/uneffective procedure to Interim Payments upon milestones completion. Foreseeable intensive variations.
Transmission Sector & Project Management of Transmission LinesMANTHAN CHAUHAN
Its a detailed Presentation of Transmission Sector & Project Management of Transmission Lines.
The company selected for this was Kalpataru Power Transmission Ltd., Gandhinagar
it explaines how the indian power sector is, what is the tendering process, what is contract, bar-charts and cash flow management for the contract.
Project planning can be understood with help of a case Study, and Project Management from tendering to cash flow management can be understood by this presentation.
this is the Summer Internship Project of Mine and its Strictly unauthorised to use this presentation without author's permission.
Financial planning - effect of cumulative & early savingRajendra Saxena
Early saving when responsibilities are limited & its proper investment make a person financial secure & financial scured person have less worries in life
Criminal cases in court- how to handle criminal case in court of lawRajendra Saxena
this is about defending crimial case particularly CBI case in coutr of LAW arising out of decision making or otherwise. thes detail can be helpful in preparation of defense
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Democratizing Fuzzing at Scale by Abhishek Aryaabh.arya
Presented at NUS: Fuzzing and Software Security Summer School 2024
This keynote talks about the democratization of fuzzing at scale, highlighting the collaboration between open source communities, academia, and industry to advance the field of fuzzing. It delves into the history of fuzzing, the development of scalable fuzzing platforms, and the empowerment of community-driven research. The talk will further discuss recent advancements leveraging AI/ML and offer insights into the future evolution of the fuzzing landscape.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
2. Contract-Para 1201 of Engg code
defines contract
• When two or more persons have a common intention
communicated to each other to create some obligation
between them there is said to be an agreement.
• "An agreement" which is enforceable by law is a
"Contract".
• According to Section 10 of the Indian Contract Act, 1872
only those agreements are enforceable by law which are
made by the free consent of the parties (para 1256),
competent to contract (see para 1259), for a lawful
consideration (para 1224) and with a lawful object,
and are not expressly declared to be void.
• This is subject to any special law according to
which a contract should be in writing and attested by
witnesses. R P Saxena 2
3. Why Contracts
• All works can not be done in-house
• Economy ..paying for work done and
not for attendance
• To get out side expertise
• Reduction in inventory and manpower
• Short duration requirement like
kumbh mela or mansoon patrolling etc
R P Saxena 3
4. Advantages of contract
• In-house activity being more costly
Pay for attendence only
• Private agency being more efficient
due to flexible labor policies
• PVT agency engage modren tools &
technology to execute quality work at
less cost to survive in market
R P Saxena 4
5. How to fix contract
• Tendering is the method of
fixing the contract
• Once Tender is accepted , it
becomes contract between
Railways & tenderer
R P Saxena 5
6. Type of the contract
•Works contracts
•Stores .procurement
•Consultancy contracts
• service contracts
•Earning contract ..parking,
leasing etc
•PPP.contract
R P Saxena 6
7. Goals of Contract
Management
•RAILWAY
•GET THE WORK DONE TIMELY
•OF SPECIFIED QUALITY
• AT MINIMUM COST
•REQUIRMENT
•STRONG INFRASTRUCTURE
•PROMPT DECISION MAKING
• ASSURED FUNDING SCHEDULE
8. Goal of contract
• In simple words
• The goal of the contract is to
get the work of specified
Quality done in least possible
cost in least possible time
• This goal is achieved by better
contract management
R P Saxena 8
9. Essential of contract
management
• The contractor is the partner & have
come to earn money by executing
your work
• The contractor can survive without us
but we can not survive without him
• No contractor can survive if he is
suffering loss irrespective of what is
written in agreement
• So one has to be fair
R P Saxena 9
10. Problems Area
• work & store contracts being
traditional method in the past
• Rules/procedure framed for
traditional types of tenders
• Service contracts also more
prominent now
• Need proper policy and guide lines for
out sourcing contract
R P Saxena 10
11. 4 essential area
• Pretender planning
• Tendering process
• Contract management..timely
payment & decision on doubts
in fair manner
• Dispute settling
system..Arbitration etc
R P Saxena 11
12. Tender and contracts
• Pretender planning
• Tender opening
• Processing tender
• Accepting tender
• Issuing Accepting letter becomes
contract
• Signing contract Agreement
R P Saxena 12
13. Pretender Planning
• Scope of tender..location..items
of works..drawing etc
• Quantity..rate ..schedule …cost
• Time for completion
• Type –open ..Ltd
..single..quotations
• General condition …spl
conditions
• Eligibility criteria
• NIT ..date time place for sale
R P Saxena 13
14. It should be clear to
both party
• What is expected from contractor
• What is expected from Railways
• Payment schedule should be clear
• Remedy incase one party fail to
discharge its obligations
R P Saxena 14
15. Tender document• Tender Schedule
• Notice Inviting Tender (NIT)
• Instructions to Tenderers (IT)
• Special Conditions of Contract (SCC)
• Specifications
• General Conditions of Contract (GCC)
• Earnest money & Performance guarantee
details
• Drawing if required
R P Saxena 15
16. Processing of Tender
• Opening of tender
• Briefing note and its vetting
• Tender committee nomination
• TC meeting & its Recommendation
• Recommendation Acceptance
• Issue of acceptance letter
• Accepted tender becomes contract
R P Saxena 16
17. CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
• 1. General
• 2. Codel provisions
• 3. Type of contracts handled in
Engineering Department
• 4. Problems in Construction
contracts
• 5. Problems of Open Line
contracts
R P Saxena 17
18. • 6. Problems Faced By open line
Engineers
• 7. Problems in contract
management
• 8 .Suggestions
• 9. General precaution to avoid
problems in tenders & contract
managements
• 10. Contract management – myth &
R P Saxena 18
19. General
• common perception is that Indian
Railways is failing in contract
management – in Quality as well as
timely completion
• strong talk of fixing responsibility not
only from Railway Ministry but also from
PMO and planning commission
• Concerns of slow progress are also
being expressed by various Parliamentary
committees
R P Saxena 19
20. General
• Indian Railways are executing 340
projects consisting of 129 new
line, 45 gauge conversion and 166
doubling projects having a throw
forward of about Rs. 5,47,000
crore
• Interest cost 5470 cr/yr or 15cr
per day-delay cost is 15 cr per day
• Annual budget out lay is about
50000 cr R P Saxena 20
21. Engineer Role in
contract management
• The Success of Engineer is in
getting the work done’.
• He has to use his skill & vision in
selecting good contractor by
following all rules & regulation in
force
• not only select a good contractor
but also make him successful
R P Saxena 21
22. • The terminating of the contract
is very easy but making him
successful is difficult.
• Completing the work is more
important than finalizing the
tender.
R P Saxena 22
23. Code, manuals ,circular
• There are plenty of instruction &
procedures to be followed in work
getting sanctioned, tendered,
contracted, executed, monitored &
finished
• Is it Possible to follow all the rules
• In India, the Work to Rule is
considered a strike
R P Saxena 23
24. Master or Slave of Rules
• All rules & regulation of tendering &
contract are made with sole objective to
get the work of required specification at
least cost & in least time
• If some rules are coming in way of
achieving above objectives, then the rule
needs to be changed rather than officer
should be harassed for the breaching the
rules to get the work completed early
R P Saxena 24
25. Codal provisions
• The contract management on
Indian Railways is governed by
the provision of Chapter 12 of
Engineering code, Chapter 6 of
Finance code & chapter 4 of
store code
• Engineering code Para 1201
defined contract
R P Saxena 25
26. Approach of
engineering officers
• Process Oriented or
• Result oriented or
• Get result duly following a
process..really efficient ?
• In field all type of approach is
followed depending on officer &
importance of particular work
R P Saxena 26
27. Common sense says
that
• if person is made responsible/
accountable to achieve certain
results, he should be given full
authority to achieve that result
• It is not so in Railways . At
every stage CAO or executive
has to approach finance , GM or
somebody else to implement
his decision R P Saxena 27
28. Foundation of contract
management –The
contract Agreement
• The principles to be observed in
framing the contract agreements
are given in Para 1217 of Engg Code
• What the contractor is to do
• What railway administration is
to do
• What payment is to be made
• When payment to be made
• Grievance addressal system
R P Saxena 28
29. • The terms on which
variations and
modifications can be made
• Action in case of breach of
contract
• The method of settling disputes
• Arbitration R P Saxena 29
30. Tenders -instructions
• System of tender –open ,
global , two packet etc
• Eligibility criteria
• Performance guarantee
• Price variations
• Advances
• How tenders documents is
prepared , bids invited , offer
evaluated etc
R P Saxena 30
31. Tendering & vigilance
• Tendering is area where many
complaints generate against the
officials handling tenders which
some times lead to vigilance
cases or legal/audit scrutiny of
cases.
• Do not put such specification or
condition which can not or will
not be followed during execution
R P Saxena 31
32. Probelems in field- in
openline
• Organizational problem
• Inter departmental coordination
– Finance, store, traffic, signal,
electrical Mech. Deptt.
• Funding problems
• Co-ordination with state govt –
Land acquisition, environmental
clearance , Road over bridges
etc R P Saxena 32
33. Area of Problems
• 1. Proposal of works & its sanction
• whether adequate care is taken in framing
the proposal-
• whether plans & estimates are made with
adequate care & verifying feasibility in field
- yes or no
• whether scope of work is clearly defined in
proposal -
• whether tentative target for completion is
fixed &funding schedule prescribed in
commensurate with the target
R P Saxena 33
•b. whether plan is changed after approval varying scope of work
– yes or no
•whether estimate is sanctioned within 6 month of sanction of work
- yes or no
34. 2. Approval of plan &
estimate
• a. whether plans are approved
within 3 months of sanction
• b. whether plan is changed after
approval varying scope of work
• whether estimate is sanctioned
within 6 month of sanction of
work
• Any other problem
R P Saxena 34
35. 3. Tendering
• whether adequate infrastructure is
available in Srden office to prepare tender
document
• whether DEN/ Srden are careful in
framing special tender condition –
• whether reasonability of estimated
rates are examined before floating
tender
• whether Quality clause /quality test is
clearly defined in tender
• whether Eligibility criteria is clearly
defined
R P Saxena 35
36. • whether correct price variation
clause is incorporated
• whether tender is finalized
within validity - yes or no
• How many tenders at any given
time are pending with
DEN/srden for finalization
• How many contract in progressR P Saxena 36
37. 4. Execution of contract
–monitoring & supervision
• How many contract ( maintenance + new works) on an
average are handled by an officer at any given time ..
• whether separate supervisor available for supervision of
new work
• Whether site supervisor is able to ensure quality in work
• whether Drg/design/material/work orders issued to
contractor in time
• whether decision are given timely on disputes between
contractor & site supervisor - yes or no
• whether payment schedule ie at least one bill every month
or in 2 month is ensured-
• whether regular meeting are held with contractors to
monitor progress & minutes are drawn for such meeting
R P Saxena 37
38. • whether contractor are completing work
as per date of completion .if not ,any
action is taken……
• whether termination of contract is done in
time in case of poor performer
• whether new contract is finalized promptly
• Whether you are really managinging your
contract or GOD is managing it
R P Saxena 38
39. So if contract fails
• 5.Dispute redressal system – whether
grievance Redressal system exists in
contract to handle genuine grievance of
the contractor
• 6. Arbitration – whether proper record
of correspondence with contractor is kept
whether letters of claims are promptly
replied.
• Whether arbitration cases are increasing in
your division .if yes, reasons there of
R P Saxena 39
40. Major Problems in
Field
• Large number of contracts in division
• Lack of infrastructure / man power at every
stage- no supervision/monitoring
• Lack of funding schedule. Targets without
funds
• Authority is not commensurate with
accountability –
• Procedures are more important than
Results
• No system of grievance reprisal-Pre
arbitration
• Lack of assured block/power for track work
41. CONTRACT
MANAGEMENT.Myth
• Drawing good CPM/PERT Charts makes a good
Contract Manager
• Saving lots of money makes a good Contract
Manager
• Adhering to laid down rules and sticking to good
and impressive formats for reporting makes a
good Contract Manager.
• Using advance soft wares and computer driven
techniques such as MS Projects makes a good
Contract Manager.
• Interpreting Contract provisions verbatim
makes a good Contract Manager
• Process is important than Result
42. CONTRACT MANAGEMENT
-Reality
• Understanding the Costs, requirements, limitations of
employed technology, materials, keeping in view the
overall objective makes a good Contracts Manager.
• Having more reliance on flexibility rather than being rule
bound makes a good Contracts Manager.
• Using Simpler, objective tools to monitor various stages
of progress leading to overall performances makes a
good Contracts Manager
• Dividing the task in various small accomplishable
milestones, and monitoring the achievements both at
micro as well as macro level makes a good Contracts
Manager.
43. How to make a Bad
contract
• Be very legal and verbose while drafting the text of
Contract documents.
• Keep the provisions as inequitable and amorphous as
possible
• Make sure that your Contractor is responsible for any
thing, which may or not effect the performance
• Make sure your Contractor is selected through a very
subjective process.
• Never check and verify the antecedents physically, rely
only on the paper submitted by him to you.
• Keep changing your project team as frequently as
possible.
• Always remain indecisive, for vigilance /audit /CBI/CVC is
watching you.
• Insure your communication with other constituents and
also in house is scanty vague.
44. Things should Never be done
in contract management
• Award the contract on exorbitant rates
• Execute work in good faith without sanction or estimate or tender
• Execution & acceptance of substandard work- quality check
• Payment for works not executed –overpayments ,false payments
• Manipulation in tender such as
• Exaggerating performance of favorite tenderer & failures of
Rivals
• Projecting artificial urgency –time is valuable
• Doctoring briefing note to project someone as most suitable
• Bypassing lowest bidder without convincing reasons
• Call negotiation for reduction of rates but accepting it after
negotiation even if no appreciable reduction achieved in
negotiation
• Non application of mind in tender Acceptance
• Do a thing for which your conscious is not permitting-Right
or wrong –conscious will give you one signal –respect or
overshoot
45. Human behaviour –
Think ..why
• Why engineering & account departments overlooks the
existing instructions to sanction works beyond norms
• why one contractor works efficiently under one engineers
& fails under another engineer
• Why some one is able to get his work done from the all
department in spite of all the constraints.
• why someone who follow religiously the rules is not
considered good officer & some time do lands up in
problem
• why such instruction are given at times which does not
follow any canon of financial propriety ( Do whatever you
want but complete this work .
R P Saxena 45
46. • Any question is most welcome
• rajendrasaxena@gmail.com
• THANKS
46R P Saxena