The document describes how implementing a blockchain-based platform called Smart Hub could help address common problems encountered in each stage of a construction supply chain. Some key benefits highlighted include: improved collaboration and transparency between stakeholders; real-time monitoring of materials, schedules and financial transactions; more efficient management of contracts and payments; and better documentation of quality, compliance and sustainability efforts. By addressing issues that can currently lead to delays, disputes and wasted costs, Smart Hub aims to generate value at every stage and help ensure successful project completion while minimizing risks and costs.

1. 3. If applicable, provide a brief description of your business
At this time, a large number of people were busy with construction work. Starting with
residential buildings, offices, hotels, entertainment venues and so on, our scope of
construction is very broad. The transparency that exists in the blockchain supply chain will
be very beneficial during the construction process.
4. What types of stakeholders are involved in your supply chain?
1. Project Owner
2. General Contractor
3. Subcontractors
4. Supplier of Construction Materials
5. Architects and Engineers
6.Project Supervisor
7. Government and Regulatory Authorities
8. Banks and Financial Institutions
9. Financial and Legal Consultants
10. Construction Workers
11. Community Stakeholders
5. What are the roles of each stakeholder in the supply chain?
1. Project Owner
Project leaders oversee the planning, financing, and management of construction
ventures. The blockchain enables the real-time tracking and management of financial
transactions, expenses, and project progress.
2. General Contractor
In leading the construction project, the general contractor acts as a vital coordinator.
Blockchain technology enables the efficient management of subcontractors, schedules,
and payment transparency.

2. 3. Subcontractors
Subcontractors execute specific tasks, utilizing the blockchain to register their completion
and transmit up-to-date progress updates instantly.
4. Supplier of Construction Materials
The integration of materials inventory and information delivery into the blockchain is a
possibility for construction suppliers. Ensuring accurate material availability and
monitoring shipments is the primary goal.
5. Architects and Engineers
With the blockchain as a medium, architects and engineers can collaborate on project
designs and plans, ensuring relevant data access and enabling changes as needed.
6.Project Supervisor
The blockchain allows project supervisors to monitor work progress and quality by
recording daily reports, inspections, and tests.
7. Government and Regulatory Authorities
Compliance monitoring, permit issuance, and approvals are some of the responsibilities
that regulatory agencies can manage through blockchain technology. By enforcing
standards and obtaining essential permits, government and regulatory agencies guarantee
the successful and on-time completion of construction projects. Blockchain enables
accurate monitoring of regulation adherence and accelerates permit, inspection, and
approval procedures.
8. Banks and Financial Institutions
Blockchain facilitates clear and secure payment monitoring and project financing for banks
and financial institutions. Not only do banks and financial institutions provide funding, but
they also process payments to these parties. Real-time tracking of financial flows and
payments can be facilitated by blockchain, mitigating the risk of errors or hold-ups.
9. Financial and Legal Consultants
Secure contract and agreement recording, along with streamlined payment processes and
legal settlements, are just some of the ways financial and legal consultants can benefit from
blockchain technology. The blockchain provides financial consultants with a platform to
securely and efficiently manage contracts, agreements, and transactions. Leveraging this
technology, legal consultants can streamline project-related legal work, encompassing
contractual agreements and dispute resolution.

3. 10. Construction Workers
By incorporating blockchain, construction workers can successfully report their
attendance, work completion, and participate in a more transparent payment system.
Incorporating blockchain technology enables construction workers to more precisely log
their attendance, work reports, and project participation. Furthermore, they can use this
platform to obtain details regarding their assignments and work schedule.
11. Community Stakeholders
Through the blockchain, environmental and community stakeholders can track
environmental effects and project involvement. Stakeholders can employ blockchain to
observe the environmental and social consequences of projects. The use of this
information enables construction projects to be undertaken with an eye toward
environmental sustainability and the welfare of the community.
6. Which stages are included in the supply chain process?
1. Planning and Design
During this stage, project planning, designing plans, and defining project requirements are
crucial. Information related to designs, plans, and specifications can be efficiently managed
and accessed through the blockchain.
2. Acquisition of Construction Materials
In this phase, material suppliers and purchases are selected. Real-time monitoring of
material availability, pricing, and purchase transactions are made possible by blockchain.
3. Procurement of Subcontractors
Subcontractors can be brought in as required during this stage. By leveraging blockchain,
work agreements can be made more transparent through subcontractor contract and
payment monitoring.
4. Project Management
With the aid of blockchain, general contractors and other parties involved in the project
collaborate, monitor development, and manage timelines. Protecting important data like
progress reports and plan changes, secure storage offers a reliable solution.
5. Delivery of Materials
Blockchain documentation tracks the supply chain from the supplier to the project
location. Timely availability of necessary materials is guaranteed by this.

4. 6. Construction Implementation
In this phase, the blueprint takes form as the physical structure is erected. The blockchain
grants access to information regarding finished work and ongoing project advancement.
7. Supervision and Inspection
Using blockchain, project supervisors document quality inspection and test reports.
Adherence to standards is guaranteed, therefore.
8. Financial Management
Financial dealings, from payments to contractors, subcontractors, and providers, are
stored on the blockchain. This guarantees transparency and accuracy in the financial flow.
9. Project Completion
After completion, the blockchain stores information about final inspection and final
approval, project completion.
10. Operation and Maintenance
The blockchain serves as a repository for data related to maintenance, repair, and post-
construction processes. With enhanced asset management and building integrity, this tool
enhances project owner experiences.
11. Recycling and Environmental Monitoring
Through the blockchain, information about sustainability and environmental regulations is
readily available, guaranteeing project success.
7. What types of documents and events are exchanged at each stage?
1. Planning and Design
- Project plans
- Technical specifications
- Architectural Design and Engineering
- Licensing
2. Acquisition of Construction Materials
- List of Materials Needed
- Material Offers and Prices
- Purchase
3. Procurement Subcontractor
- Subcontractor Contract

5. - Subcontract Terms and Scope
- Payment details
4. Project Management
- Project schedule
- Daily/Weekly Progress Reports
- Changes in Plans and Changes in Scope
5. Delivery of Materials
- Shipping and Shipping Information
- Material Receiving Report
6. Implementation of construction
- Construction Diary
- Changes to Working Drawings and Revisions
7. Supervision and Examination
- Quality Inspection Report
- Material Testing Results
- Inspection Report
8. Financial Management
- Invoices and Bills
- Proof of payment
- Project Financial Report
9. Project Completion
- Project Completion Report
- Final Inspection and Approval
10. Operation and Maintenance
- Operational and Maintenance Manual
- Periodic Maintenance Reports
- Submission of Service and Repair
11. Recycling and Environmental Monitoring
- Recycling Plan and Waste Management
- Environmental Impact Report
- Environmental Compliance Evaluation

6. 8. Who can submit, accept, and see the document and event in each organization?
1. Planning and Design
Project Owners, General Contractors, Architects, and Engineers: Through the blockchain
platform, access and cooperation in project planning, design, and specifications is possible.
2. Acquisition of Construction Materials
Project Owners, General Contractors, and Construction Materials Suppliers: Review the
status of supplies of materials, place orders, as well as monitor information on purchases
and fast delivery.
3. Procurement Subcontractor
General Contractors, Subcontractors: Executes contractual agreements with
subcontractors, payments are made, and work progress is tracked through the blockchain
platform.
4. Project Management
Project Owner, General Contractor, Subcontractor, Project Supervisor: In carrying out the
project, cooperation occurs on schedules, progress reports, and plan changes through
blockchain technology.
5. Material Delivery
Project Owners, General Contractors, and Construction Materials Suppliers: Supervise the
movement of goods and check the presence of goods at the project site.
6. Construction Implementation
General Contractors, Subcontractors: Work progress, changes, as well as stages of requests
are reported through construction diaries on the blockchain platform.
7. Supervision and Examination
Project Supervisors, General Contractors, Architects, and Engineers: Document inspections
and quality tests, as well as track any changes and approvals on the blockchain.
8. Financial Management
Project Owners, General Contractors, Subcontractors, Banks and Financial Institutions:
Access and track payment transactions, invoices, and financial reports on the blockchain
platform.
9. Project Completion
Project Owner, General Contractor, Project Supervisor: Recording of final inspection and
approval of project completion on the blockchain platform.

7. 10. Operation and Maintenance
Project Owner, General Contractor, Project Superintendent, Construction Worker: Apply
blockchain to oversee maintenance, repair, and operations after construction is complete.
11. Recycling and Environmental Monitoring
Project Owners, Government Authorities and Regulators, and Community Stakeholders:
Information on sustainability, environmental regulations, and environmental impacts can
be accessed and monitored using blockchain technology.
9. What are the problems typically encountered at each stage of the supply chain and How
can these problems be effectively solved using Smart Hub? Please provide at least one
example problem for each stage.
1. Planning and Design:
Problem: Project schedules can be disrupted and costs can increase due to frequent design
changes.
Solution: SmartHub is able to assist in accurately recording and managing form
improvements, in order to reduce the risk of errors in the arrangement.
2. Acquisition of Construction Materials:
Problem: Effects on the project schedule can be caused by material unavailability, sudden
price fluctuations, or delays in delivery.
Solution: With SmartHub, real-time monitoring of material availability and prices allows for
quick resolution of issues.
3. Procurement Subcontractor:
Problem: Project delays can be caused by late work from subcontractors or contracts.
Solution: Access and management of contracts and progress of subcontractor work can be
done through SmartHub, thus ensuring clear participation and timely payments.
4. Project Management:
Problem: Lack of cooperation between the parties involved and also no documentation of
changes can cause conflicts so that the project becomes delayed and cracks
Solution: With SmartHub, collaboration becomes smoother, scheduling is neater and
changes can be monitored transparently in order to achieve optimal coordination.
5.Material Delivery:
Problem: Project progress can be disrupted by shipping delays or lost items.

8. Solution: Dealing with the supply chain of materials and deliveries to sites in real-time,
SmartHub helps reduce the risk of delays and losses.
6. Construction Implementation:
The Problem: Poor work or not conforming to blueprints can result in costly rework.
Solution: Through transparent logging on SmartHub, quality issues and non-conformances
can be minimized with regular restores and updates.
7. Supervision and Examination:
Problem: Project completion can be hampered if there is no certainty of revocation
according to standards.
Solution: Compliance with standards and ease of conducting audits can be ensured
through monitoring and inspection data collection on SmartHub.
8. Financial Management:
Problems: Financial problems can arise if there are delays in paying or errors when
recording.
Solution: Payments won't pose a problem when SmartHub records every detail of financial
transactions with purity and the like.
9. Project Completion:
Problem: Project reporting and closing can be delayed due to failure to complete it.
Solution: Through listing on SmartHub, settlement documentation and approval can
effectively assist in achieving a well-documented settlement.
10. Operation and Maintenance:
Problem: Lack of knowledge regarding maintenance can be detrimental to the life and
performance of a building.
Solution: In maintaining the integrity and longevity of buildings, the data recorded on
SmartHub is very helpful.
11. Recycling and Environmental Monitoring:
Problem: Without coaching and sustainability, the results can cause harm to the
environment.
Solution: With data recorded on SmartHub, environmental monitoring and project
sustainability can be improved.

9. 10. What value will be generated at each stage after implementing Smart Hub in your supply
chain?
1. Planning and Design
Having better coordination in planning and designing projects helps reduce the risk of
uncoordinated changes.
2. Acquisition of Construction Materials
Direct monitoring of material availability and price changes can reduce delays and changes
in costs.
3. Procurement Subcontractor
Transparency in contracts and payment of subcontractors guarantees efficient cooperation
and timely completion of payments.
4. Project Management
Improved collaboration, improved change management, and a more organized schedule.
5. Delivery of Materials
More optimal monitoring and management activities in the supply chain contribute to
reducing the potential for delays and losses.
6. Construction Implementation
By conducting real-time monitoring and documentation, work can be improved in quality
while reducing the risk of rework.
7. Supervision and Examination
Sustainability and adherence to standards ensures a successful project completion.
8. Financial Management
Transparency is very important in financial transactions to avoid slow payments and
inaccurate recording.
9. Project Completion
Proper documentation will make project reporting and closing easier.
10. Operation and Maintenance
Maintaining building integrity and performance can be achieved through improved asset
management.

10. 11. Recycling and Environmental Monitoring
By improving environmental monitoring, projects can continue in a sustainable manner
and have a more positive impact on the environment.