Difference between US And INDIA Federalism.

1. U.S Federalism & Indian Federalism
Prepared By:-
Sumit Kumar
022201000003019
Ivth Semester
B.B.A LL.B ( Hons.)
Subject:- Constitutional LawII( SLBBl-S4- P3)
Submitted To :- Dr. Swapnil Pandey

2. Contents
 Introduction of Federalism
 Kinds of Federalism
 Holding Together Federalism
 Coming Together Federalism
 Difference Between Holding and Coming Together Federalism
 Features of federalism
 Comparision Between Indian Federalism And US Federalism
 Thank You

3. What is Federalism?
 The word federalism is derived from the Latin word 'foedus' which means alliance.
 Federalism is a system of government in which powers have been divided between the
center and its constituent parts such as states or provinces. It is an institutional mechanism
to accommodate two sets of politics, one at the central or national level and the second at
the regional or provincial level.
 The federal nature of the Indian constitution was adopted from the
Constitution of Canada.

4. Kinds of Federalism
Holding Together
Federation
Coming Together
Federation

5. Liability Side of the
Balance Sheet
 The term “holding together” refers to a type of federalism in which the national government holds smaller
states together by distributing power among them. In this system of federalism, the center has the lion’s
share of power in terms of governing.
 Holding together federation’ is a federation in which the powers of the country are divided between the
central government and constituent states.
 The central government has greater authority when compared to states.
 It has the right to ensure the sovereignty of the country.
 Other examples of holding together federation are Spain, Belgium, etc.
Holding Together Federation

6. Coming Together Federation
 In this type, independent states come together to form a larger unit. Here, states enjoy more
autonomy as compared to the holding together kind of federation.
 Independent states join together on their own to form a larger unit is known as Coming together
federalism. In the Coming Together Federation, the central government and the state always seem
to have equal powers.
 Examples – USA, Australia, Switzerland

7. Difference Between Holding Together & Coming Together Federation
Holding Together Federation Coming Together Federation
In this kind of federation, a sizable force or
nation consents to divide its authority
between the member states and the national
government.
Various sovereign states connect to form a
larger government under this federation.
The federal government in this federation is
more potent than the individual states.
The individual states in this federation are the
only ones with authority. As a result, the
country becomes more stable.
Examples: India, Spain, Belgium Examples: USA, Australia, Switzerland

8. Features of Federalism
 Dual government polity
 Division of powers between various levels
 Rigidity of constitution
 Independence judiciary
 Bicameralism

9. COMPARISON BETWEEN INDIAN FEDERALISM AND THE USA
FEDERALISM
 Both United States and India which are considered as the largest democratic countries in the world are based on
federalism in their political structure. The US gained the status of Federal Republic State in the year1789;
whereas India occupied the status of Socialist, Sovereign, Secular, and the Democratic Republic by enacting its
Constitution in the year 1950. Thereby both countries had attained dominion status in which several smaller
states got associated with a strong central government which is known as Federal Government in the US and
Central Government in India. Thus, both states became Federal Republics.
 There are certain differences that exist between the federalism of US and India. These differences have been
created by the architects of the Indian Constitution. The US federalism is very strong and more rigid as
envisaged in their Constitution by its leaders. It is more federal than unitary in character. Whereas, India is more
unitary than federal and we can even say that it is a quasi-federal state.

10. COMPARISON BETWEEN INDIAN FEDERALISM AND THE USA FEDERALISM
PARAMETERES INDIAN U.S
Nature of Federalism The Indian Constitution describes
India as a Union of States
containing both unitary and federal
features.
Thus, the Indian Constitution is
Quasi-federal.
Although both Indian and
American Governments are
described as Federal states, the
nature of federalism in the US is
more rigid and stronger than in
India.
System of Governance In India, a Parliamentary form of
Government is followed.
The Indian President is elected
indirectly for five years.
In the US, the Presidential form
of Government is adopted.
The people directly elect the
President, and he/she is elected
for four years.

11. COMPARISON BETWEEN INDIAN FEDERALISM AND THE USA FEDERALISM
PARAMETERES INDIAN U.S
Upper House & Lower House The Indian Legislature consists of
the Lok Sabha and the Rajya
Sabha.
The lower house, called the Lok
Sabha, is more powerful, whose
members are directly elected by the
people.
In contrast, the Upper House – the
Rajya Sabha, is elected indirectly
every two years.
US legislature has two houses:
the House of Representatives and
the Senate.
The Senate is the Upper House
and is more powerful as per the
US federal system. Its members
are directly elected.
The Senate is the strongest Upper
House in the world.
Judiciary System The Indian judiciary system can be
described as rapidly developing.
The judicial system in the US is
very advanced.

12. COMPARISON BETWEEN INDIAN FEDERALISM AND THE USA FEDERALISM
PARAMETERES INDIAN U.S
Nature Of Constitution The Constitution of India has 22
parts and 395 articles since its
inception.
There are 25 parts with 448
articles.
The Indian Constitution lacks the
rigidity of the US constitution.
The Constitution of the US is
very rigid and precise, consisting
of a few pages.
It has been amended only 27
times owing to the rigidity of the
process involved.
Citizenship The Indian Constitution thrives on
single citizenship.
The US Constitution allows dual
citizenship to its citizens.

13. THANK YOU