Constitutional carry explained
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An increasing amount of states are offering constitutional carry -- legal, permitless carry of concealed carry or open carry weapons -- as an option.
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18th lecture
Article IV of the US Constitution outlines requirements for relations between states. It requires states to give full faith and credit to legal proceedings of other states, and guarantees citizens of each state the privileges and immunities of citizens in other states. It also establishes procedures for returning fugitives from justice and fugitive slaves to the states they fled from, and outlines the process for admission of new states and Congressional power over US territories. Article IV further guarantees each state a republican form of government and federal protection from invasion and domestic violence upon request.
17th lecture
John Adams appointed Marbury as a justice of the peace for Washington D.C. However, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison refused to deliver Marbury's commission. This led to the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, where the Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review. The Court declared that Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional, marking the first time it struck down a law for being unconstitutional. This established the Supreme Court's ability to review laws and executive actions and determine their constitutionality under the U.S. Constitution.
Extending the Bill of Rights
The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were added after the Civil War to settle disputes around the rights of former slaves. The 13th abolished slavery. The 14th established equal protection under the law and prohibited states from denying rights. The 15th extended the right to vote to African American men.
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The Arizona law allows state law enforcement officers to question anyone about their immigration status. This has caused racial tensions between law enforcement and the Hispanic community in Arizona. The law is considered discriminatory by civil rights leaders and possibly unconstitutional as it could lead to unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause.
17th lecture
The document summarizes the structure and organization of the three levels of the federal court system in the United States according to Article III of the US Constitution. It establishes that the judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and any inferior courts established by Congress. It outlines the jurisdiction and roles of the Supreme Court, Circuit Courts of Appeals, and District Courts. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction in most cases and original jurisdiction in those involving states or ambassadors. Below the Supreme Court are 13 Circuit Courts of Appeals and 94 District Courts that make up the first level where most cases are tried.
The constitutional convention
The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787 to address issues with the Articles of Confederation. Delegates debated plans like the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan before agreeing to the Great Compromise, which established a bicameral legislature with representation based on population in the House and equal representation of states in the Senate. The Convention also compromised on counting slaves for representation and continuing the international slave trade. The resulting Constitution established a representative democratic republic with separation of powers and checks and balances between the three branches of government. It was ratified by nine states and went into effect in 1788.
Constitutional impacts
The document discusses several amendments to the US Constitution. Amendment I protects freedom of speech, religion, press and the right to peacefully protest. Amendment II gives citizens the right to own firearms for protection and hunting. Amendment IV protects against unreasonable search and seizure of personal property without a warrant. Amendment XIV requires all states to provide equal rights and legal protections to citizens regardless of race or class. Amendment XIII abolished slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the United States, except as punishment for a crime.
Bundle of Compromises - Civics & Economics
The document discusses several compromises that were made during the creation of the US Constitution. It describes debates between large and small states over representation in Congress, free and slave states over counting slaves for representation, and loose and strict constitutional interpreters over the flexibility of government powers. Compromises included the Connecticut Plan for bicameral legislature, the Three-Fifths Compromise for counting slaves, allowing the slave trade for 20 years, establishing the Electoral College, adding the Bill of Rights, and including the Elastic Clause.
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18th lecture
Article IV of the US Constitution outlines requirements for relations between states. It requires states to give full faith and credit to legal proceedings of other states, and guarantees citizens of each state the privileges and immunities of citizens in other states. It also establishes procedures for returning fugitives from justice and fugitive slaves to the states they fled from, and outlines the process for admission of new states and Congressional power over US territories. Article IV further guarantees each state a republican form of government and federal protection from invasion and domestic violence upon request.
17th lecture
John Adams appointed Marbury as a justice of the peace for Washington D.C. However, Thomas Jefferson and James Madison refused to deliver Marbury's commission. This led to the Supreme Court case Marbury v. Madison in 1803, where the Supreme Court established the principle of judicial review. The Court declared that Section 13 of the Judiciary Act of 1789 was unconstitutional, marking the first time it struck down a law for being unconstitutional. This established the Supreme Court's ability to review laws and executive actions and determine their constitutionality under the U.S. Constitution.
Extending the Bill of Rights
The 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments were added after the Civil War to settle disputes around the rights of former slaves. The 13th abolished slavery. The 14th established equal protection under the law and prohibited states from denying rights. The 15th extended the right to vote to African American men.
The arizona effect
The Arizona law allows state law enforcement officers to question anyone about their immigration status. This has caused racial tensions between law enforcement and the Hispanic community in Arizona. The law is considered discriminatory by civil rights leaders and possibly unconstitutional as it could lead to unreasonable searches and seizures without probable cause.
17th lecture
The document summarizes the structure and organization of the three levels of the federal court system in the United States according to Article III of the US Constitution. It establishes that the judicial power is vested in the Supreme Court and any inferior courts established by Congress. It outlines the jurisdiction and roles of the Supreme Court, Circuit Courts of Appeals, and District Courts. The Supreme Court has appellate jurisdiction in most cases and original jurisdiction in those involving states or ambassadors. Below the Supreme Court are 13 Circuit Courts of Appeals and 94 District Courts that make up the first level where most cases are tried.
The constitutional convention
The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787 to address issues with the Articles of Confederation. Delegates debated plans like the Virginia Plan and New Jersey Plan before agreeing to the Great Compromise, which established a bicameral legislature with representation based on population in the House and equal representation of states in the Senate. The Convention also compromised on counting slaves for representation and continuing the international slave trade. The resulting Constitution established a representative democratic republic with separation of powers and checks and balances between the three branches of government. It was ratified by nine states and went into effect in 1788.
Constitutional impacts
The document discusses several amendments to the US Constitution. Amendment I protects freedom of speech, religion, press and the right to peacefully protest. Amendment II gives citizens the right to own firearms for protection and hunting. Amendment IV protects against unreasonable search and seizure of personal property without a warrant. Amendment XIV requires all states to provide equal rights and legal protections to citizens regardless of race or class. Amendment XIII abolished slavery and involuntary servitude throughout the United States, except as punishment for a crime.
Bundle of Compromises - Civics & Economics
The document discusses several compromises that were made during the creation of the US Constitution. It describes debates between large and small states over representation in Congress, free and slave states over counting slaves for representation, and loose and strict constitutional interpreters over the flexibility of government powers. Compromises included the Connecticut Plan for bicameral legislature, the Three-Fifths Compromise for counting slaves, allowing the slave trade for 20 years, establishing the Electoral College, adding the Bill of Rights, and including the Elastic Clause.
Schmalleger, The Bill of Rights
The document discusses the Bill of Rights and some of its key amendments. It summarizes the first ten amendments, which protect freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, bear arms, prohibit unreasonable search and seizure and cruel punishment, guarantee rights of the accused such as speedy trial and representation, and ensure that powers not granted to the federal government belong to the states. It also discusses the 14th Amendment guaranteeing citizenship and equal protection under the law. Finally, it summarizes the Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright which established the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants who cannot afford it.
Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights, First Amendment, Second Amendment, Third amendment, Four, Five Six Seven amendment, Eight, Ninth and Tenth Amendment in bill of Human Rights
Congressional Power
The document discusses the various powers granted to Congress. Congress has expressed powers explicitly listed in the Constitution such as declaring war and regulating interstate commerce. Congress also has implied powers, derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause, to pass laws necessary to implement its expressed powers. Special powers granted to Congress include approving treaties and presidential appointments. Court cases like McCulloch v. Maryland have upheld Congress's implied powers while still being limited in certain areas such as suspending habeas corpus or enacting bills of attainder.
Congress Powerpoint
The Legislative Branch consists of Congress, which is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House has 435 members with 2-year terms. The Senate has 100 members with 6-year terms. Both bodies make laws, set taxes, approve treaties and appointments, and declare war. Congress has broad powers but also some restrictions, such as not suspending habeas corpus or imposing direct taxes, while states are denied powers like coining money or making treaties.
First30
The document provides an overview of the US legal system, including the three branches of government and their powers according to the Constitution. It discusses key concepts like federalism, the relationship between federal and state laws, and different sources of law like statutes, ordinances, common law, and administrative regulations. It emphasizes that understanding jurisdiction and the different levels of government is important for legal research.
Chapters 2 and 5
The document summarizes key aspects of laws and courts in the United States. It discusses that legislatures make statutes, agencies make regulations, and courts make precedent. It also describes that federal law supersedes state law based on the Supremacy Clause. The court system is structured with trial courts at the bottom, appellate courts in the middle, and the Supreme Court at the top. Federal courts hear cases involving federal law, disputes between states, and disputes between citizens of different states, while state courts hear all other cases.
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Powers Of Congress
The document outlines the key powers granted to Congress in the US Constitution. It discusses Congress's enumerated powers to tax and spend, regulate trade between states and foreign nations, establish courts and rules of the military, and its implied powers through the Necessary and Proper Clause. The document also examines powers denied to Congress, such as ex post facto laws and interfering with intrastate trade, and powers denied to states like making treaties with other nations or interfering with interstate trade.
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This document discusses various challenges to freedom of speech as protected by the First Amendment. It describes how Jehovah's Witnesses have helped define this right through numerous Supreme Court cases over 50 years. However, the document argues that homeowners associations (HOAs) and laws like Puerto Rico's Controlled Access Law still infringe on this right by restricting who can enter communities or speak to residents. It calls for uniformity in laws to prevent further intrusions on freedom of speech.
Articles Of Confederation And Perpetual Union
The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union established the first governing document of the United States and created a weak national government with few powers. It lacked the ability to tax and had to request funds from states. It gave each state equal representation and established rights for states and individuals to move freely between states.
Us.1.Am.2.10
The document discusses the Second Amendment of the Bill of Rights. It guarantees the right of individuals to keep and bear arms and prevents this right from being infringed by the government. There is some debate around whether this only applies to citizens as part of a militia, like the National Guard, or if it refers more broadly to individual gun ownership. The amendment was also meant to limit the power of the federal government and protect states' rights to have militias for their own security.
Extending the bill of rights
how the amendments modified the constitution to extend the franchise and further define and extend the rights of the people
Week 6.3 limitations on congress & states
The document summarizes various sections of Article I of the US Constitution that place limitations on the powers of Congress and the states. Key points include: Congress could not ban the slave trade until 1808; habeas corpus can be suspended during rebellion or invasion; bills of attainder and ex post facto laws are forbidden; direct taxes must be apportioned by population; Congress regulates trade between states and with other nations; and states are prohibited from coining money or entering treaties without Congressional approval.
Powers of congress
The document discusses the various powers granted to Congress under the U.S. Constitution. It covers expressed powers, implied powers, and non-legislative powers. Specifically, it mentions Congress' powers to regulate commerce, tax, borrow and spend money, declare war, and conduct investigations and impeachments.
Bill of rights
The document discusses the key civil liberties and freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment of the US Constitution, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. It provides details on what each freedom protects and prohibits, examples, and important limits. It seeks to educate students on their rights protected by the First Amendment through a question and answer format.
The Bill of Rights
The document summarizes the key provisions of the Bill of Rights, which consists of the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution. It protects civil liberties and individual rights, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, the right to bear arms, protection from unlawful searches and seizures, due process, self-incrimination, speedy trials, and cruel and unusual punishment. The 9th and 10th Amendments reserve unenumerated rights to the people and powers not delegated to the federal government to the states.
The Expressed Powers Of Congress
The document summarizes the powers of Congress as outlined in Chapter 11, Sections 1-5. It discusses the legislative powers of Congress which include expressed powers explicitly stated in the Constitution such as declaring war and coin money. Implied powers not explicitly stated but necessary are also discussed. Non-legislative powers include amending the Constitution, conducting investigations, and approving treaties and appointments. Foreign policy powers involve representing states and war powers like raising armies though the President is commander-in-chief.
Compromises
The document discusses several compromises that were reached during the Constitutional Convention to address disagreements between the Northern and Southern states:
1) The Connecticut Compromise established a bicameral legislature with two chambers, to balance the interests of large and small states.
2) The Three-Fifths Compromise determined that slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for both representation and taxation.
3) The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise banned the international slave trade after 1808 but allowed Congress to regulate domestic trade without export taxes.
Bill of Rights
The document summarizes the Bill of Rights, which are the first ten amendments to the US Constitution. It provides details on the rights protected by each amendment such as freedom of religion, speech, press, trial by jury, protection from unlawful search and seizure, self-incrimination, and cruel and unusual punishment. It also explains that many of these rights stemmed from abusive actions by the British before the American Revolution.
Constitutional Issues - Chapter 4
The document discusses equal protection under the law from the framing of the Constitution to modern day. It covers several key topics:
- Tensions between state and federal authority that led to the Civil War and issues of slavery and states' rights.
- The 14th Amendment was ratified after the Civil War to define citizenship and prohibit states from denying citizens equal protection under the law.
- Important Supreme Court cases that further defined and applied equal protection, such as incorporating some Bill of Rights protections against the states.
- The development of anti-discrimination laws and affirmative action programs to address issues of racial discrimination in the 20th century criminal justice system.
Ch 12 Public Order, Safety & Security
The document summarizes various criminal offenses related to public order, safety, and security. It discusses common law and statutory definitions of unlawful assembly, riot, and disorderly conduct. It also covers offenses such as vagrancy, loitering, curfews, panhandling, traffic violations, weapons possession, immigration violations, and crimes against national security like treason, sabotage, espionage, sedition, terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. Key Supreme Court cases addressing some of these issues are also summarized.
Does the American Constitution guarantee freedom?
The document discusses whether the American Constitution guarantees freedom. It provides background on the Constitution, including that it was influenced by John Locke's philosophy of natural rights and limiting governmental power. It also covers the Bill of Rights and key freedoms it aims to protect, like freedom of religion. However, it notes some areas are more ambiguous like the right to bear arms. Additionally, it argues the Patriot Act and detention facility at Guantanamo Bay violate Constitutional rights and are unconstitutional based on Supreme Court rulings. In conclusion, while the Constitution aims to balance freedom and security, it is not always strictly followed and aspects are outdated.
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Schmalleger, The Bill of Rights
The document discusses the Bill of Rights and some of its key amendments. It summarizes the first ten amendments, which protect freedoms of religion, speech, press, assembly, bear arms, prohibit unreasonable search and seizure and cruel punishment, guarantee rights of the accused such as speedy trial and representation, and ensure that powers not granted to the federal government belong to the states. It also discusses the 14th Amendment guaranteeing citizenship and equal protection under the law. Finally, it summarizes the Supreme Court case Gideon v. Wainwright which established the right to legal counsel for criminal defendants who cannot afford it.
Bill of Rights
Bill of Rights, First Amendment, Second Amendment, Third amendment, Four, Five Six Seven amendment, Eight, Ninth and Tenth Amendment in bill of Human Rights
Congressional Power
The document discusses the various powers granted to Congress. Congress has expressed powers explicitly listed in the Constitution such as declaring war and regulating interstate commerce. Congress also has implied powers, derived from the Necessary and Proper Clause, to pass laws necessary to implement its expressed powers. Special powers granted to Congress include approving treaties and presidential appointments. Court cases like McCulloch v. Maryland have upheld Congress's implied powers while still being limited in certain areas such as suspending habeas corpus or enacting bills of attainder.
Congress Powerpoint
The Legislative Branch consists of Congress, which is made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House has 435 members with 2-year terms. The Senate has 100 members with 6-year terms. Both bodies make laws, set taxes, approve treaties and appointments, and declare war. Congress has broad powers but also some restrictions, such as not suspending habeas corpus or imposing direct taxes, while states are denied powers like coining money or making treaties.
First30
The document provides an overview of the US legal system, including the three branches of government and their powers according to the Constitution. It discusses key concepts like federalism, the relationship between federal and state laws, and different sources of law like statutes, ordinances, common law, and administrative regulations. It emphasizes that understanding jurisdiction and the different levels of government is important for legal research.
Chapters 2 and 5
The document summarizes key aspects of laws and courts in the United States. It discusses that legislatures make statutes, agencies make regulations, and courts make precedent. It also describes that federal law supersedes state law based on the Supremacy Clause. The court system is structured with trial courts at the bottom, appellate courts in the middle, and the Supreme Court at the top. Federal courts hear cases involving federal law, disputes between states, and disputes between citizens of different states, while state courts hear all other cases.
Same sex marriage: attempts
Same Sex marriage opinion. Analysis and understanding of language. In color.
Opinions are not law.
Powers Of Congress
The document outlines the key powers granted to Congress in the US Constitution. It discusses Congress's enumerated powers to tax and spend, regulate trade between states and foreign nations, establish courts and rules of the military, and its implied powers through the Necessary and Proper Clause. The document also examines powers denied to Congress, such as ex post facto laws and interfering with intrastate trade, and powers denied to states like making treaties with other nations or interfering with interstate trade.
shawn.rainbolt.hum176.week9
This document discusses various challenges to freedom of speech as protected by the First Amendment. It describes how Jehovah's Witnesses have helped define this right through numerous Supreme Court cases over 50 years. However, the document argues that homeowners associations (HOAs) and laws like Puerto Rico's Controlled Access Law still infringe on this right by restricting who can enter communities or speak to residents. It calls for uniformity in laws to prevent further intrusions on freedom of speech.
Articles Of Confederation And Perpetual Union
The Articles of Confederation and Perpetual Union established the first governing document of the United States and created a weak national government with few powers. It lacked the ability to tax and had to request funds from states. It gave each state equal representation and established rights for states and individuals to move freely between states.
Us.1.Am.2.10
The document discusses the Second Amendment of the Bill of Rights. It guarantees the right of individuals to keep and bear arms and prevents this right from being infringed by the government. There is some debate around whether this only applies to citizens as part of a militia, like the National Guard, or if it refers more broadly to individual gun ownership. The amendment was also meant to limit the power of the federal government and protect states' rights to have militias for their own security.
Extending the bill of rights
how the amendments modified the constitution to extend the franchise and further define and extend the rights of the people
Week 6.3 limitations on congress & states
The document summarizes various sections of Article I of the US Constitution that place limitations on the powers of Congress and the states. Key points include: Congress could not ban the slave trade until 1808; habeas corpus can be suspended during rebellion or invasion; bills of attainder and ex post facto laws are forbidden; direct taxes must be apportioned by population; Congress regulates trade between states and with other nations; and states are prohibited from coining money or entering treaties without Congressional approval.
Powers of congress
The document discusses the various powers granted to Congress under the U.S. Constitution. It covers expressed powers, implied powers, and non-legislative powers. Specifically, it mentions Congress' powers to regulate commerce, tax, borrow and spend money, declare war, and conduct investigations and impeachments.
Bill of rights
The document discusses the key civil liberties and freedoms guaranteed by the First Amendment of the US Constitution, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition. It provides details on what each freedom protects and prohibits, examples, and important limits. It seeks to educate students on their rights protected by the First Amendment through a question and answer format.
The Bill of Rights
The document summarizes the key provisions of the Bill of Rights, which consists of the first 10 amendments to the US Constitution. It protects civil liberties and individual rights, including freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, the right to bear arms, protection from unlawful searches and seizures, due process, self-incrimination, speedy trials, and cruel and unusual punishment. The 9th and 10th Amendments reserve unenumerated rights to the people and powers not delegated to the federal government to the states.
The Expressed Powers Of Congress
The document summarizes the powers of Congress as outlined in Chapter 11, Sections 1-5. It discusses the legislative powers of Congress which include expressed powers explicitly stated in the Constitution such as declaring war and coin money. Implied powers not explicitly stated but necessary are also discussed. Non-legislative powers include amending the Constitution, conducting investigations, and approving treaties and appointments. Foreign policy powers involve representing states and war powers like raising armies though the President is commander-in-chief.
Compromises
The document discusses several compromises that were reached during the Constitutional Convention to address disagreements between the Northern and Southern states:
1) The Connecticut Compromise established a bicameral legislature with two chambers, to balance the interests of large and small states.
2) The Three-Fifths Compromise determined that slaves would be counted as three-fifths of a person for both representation and taxation.
3) The Commerce and Slave Trade Compromise banned the international slave trade after 1808 but allowed Congress to regulate domestic trade without export taxes.
Bill of Rights
The document summarizes the Bill of Rights, which are the first ten amendments to the US Constitution. It provides details on the rights protected by each amendment such as freedom of religion, speech, press, trial by jury, protection from unlawful search and seizure, self-incrimination, and cruel and unusual punishment. It also explains that many of these rights stemmed from abusive actions by the British before the American Revolution.
Constitutional Issues - Chapter 4
The document discusses equal protection under the law from the framing of the Constitution to modern day. It covers several key topics:
- Tensions between state and federal authority that led to the Civil War and issues of slavery and states' rights.
- The 14th Amendment was ratified after the Civil War to define citizenship and prohibit states from denying citizens equal protection under the law.
- Important Supreme Court cases that further defined and applied equal protection, such as incorporating some Bill of Rights protections against the states.
- The development of anti-discrimination laws and affirmative action programs to address issues of racial discrimination in the 20th century criminal justice system.
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The document summarizes various criminal offenses related to public order, safety, and security. It discusses common law and statutory definitions of unlawful assembly, riot, and disorderly conduct. It also covers offenses such as vagrancy, loitering, curfews, panhandling, traffic violations, weapons possession, immigration violations, and crimes against national security like treason, sabotage, espionage, sedition, terrorism and weapons of mass destruction. Key Supreme Court cases addressing some of these issues are also summarized.
Does the American Constitution guarantee freedom?
The document discusses whether the American Constitution guarantees freedom. It provides background on the Constitution, including that it was influenced by John Locke's philosophy of natural rights and limiting governmental power. It also covers the Bill of Rights and key freedoms it aims to protect, like freedom of religion. However, it notes some areas are more ambiguous like the right to bear arms. Additionally, it argues the Patriot Act and detention facility at Guantanamo Bay violate Constitutional rights and are unconstitutional based on Supreme Court rulings. In conclusion, while the Constitution aims to balance freedom and security, it is not always strictly followed and aspects are outdated.
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This document discusses the concept of federalism in the United States. It explains that federalism provides a system where states have independence while a national authority oversees the union. Both federal and state governments act on behalf of citizens through laws and elected officials. The document outlines reasons for federalism, including practical governance issues, liberty arguments, and distributing authority. It also discusses the distribution of powers between federal and state governments as laid out in the Constitution.
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The document summarizes key aspects of the first 10 amendments of the US Constitution known as the Bill of Rights. It discusses how the Supreme Court determines the meaning of the Bill of Rights and balances individual rights with societal needs. It then provides an overview of the freedoms protected by the first amendment, including freedom of speech, religion, press, assembly, and the right to petition the government.
Bill of rights and amendments
The document provides an overview of the laws and legal system in the United States, beginning with a definition of law and early codes like the Code of Hammurabi. It then discusses the Articles of Confederation, the US Constitution, and the Bill of Rights. Key points covered include how the Constitution established three branches of government and increased federal power compared to the Articles, and how the Bill of Rights protected various individual rights and freedoms in response to criticisms of the original Constitution.
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The document discusses the balancing of individual, state, and federal rights in relation to equal protection under the law. It describes how the framers of the Constitution wanted to give states authority but also prevent excessive state power, leading to tensions between state and federal control. Major events and court cases established that states could not deny citizens equal protection and due process, including the 13th and 14th Amendments abolishing slavery and guaranteeing citizenship. However, discrimination continued and affirmative action programs were later introduced to promote equal opportunity, though these remain legally complex issues.
Constitutional Issues - Chapter 6
The document discusses the history and ongoing debate around the interpretation of the Second Amendment. It covers the original intent of the amendment in relation to state militias, as well as key Supreme Court cases that have shifted interpretation towards recognizing an individual right to gun ownership. The debate centers around whether the amendment protects gun ownership only in the context of service in a militia, or as an individual right.
Second Amendment
This document discusses the ongoing debate around gun control and the 2nd Amendment. It provides historical context on the formation of state militias and debates whether the right to bear arms applies only to militia members or individuals. The document outlines key Supreme Court cases that have shifted interpretation from a states' rights view to recognizing an individual right to gun ownership. It also discusses variations in state and local laws and efforts to regulate firearms at the federal level. Competing perspectives in the current gun control debate are presented along with the possibility for compromise.
Judicial Review and Constitutional Interpretation
This document discusses judicial review and constitutional interpretation in the United States. It begins by defining judicial review as the ability of courts, especially the Supreme Court, to review legislation and determine its constitutionality. It then discusses how judicial review was established through Marbury v. Madison in 1803, even though it is not explicitly mentioned in the Constitution. The document goes on to analyze different approaches to constitutional interpretation such as originalism and living constitutionalism. It also examines notable Supreme Court cases that illustrate these approaches in practice and controversial cases where the Court may have overstepped. In conclusion, it considers the role of judicial review in resolving future constitutional issues.
Civil Liberties
This document provides an outline and learning objectives for a chapter on civil liberties and public policy. It discusses several key civil liberties protected by the Bill of Rights, including freedom of religion, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly, the right to bear arms, and the right to privacy. For each section, it lists the specific learning objectives and key topics to be covered, such as how the Bill of Rights has been applied to states, the boundaries of religious rights, and the evolution of the right to privacy.
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快速办理(加拿大CBU毕业证书)卡普顿大学毕业证毕业完成信一模一样
学校原件一模一样【微信：741003700 】《(加拿大CBU毕业证书)卡普顿大学毕业证》【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微741003700】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微741003700】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
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一比一原版塔夫斯大学毕业证Tufts成绩单一模一样
原件一模一样【微信：6496090】【塔夫斯大学毕业证Tufts学位证成绩单】【微信：6496090】（留信学历认证永久存档查询）采用学校原版纸张、特殊工艺完全按照原版一比一制作（包括：隐形水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠，文字图案浮雕，激光镭射，紫外荧光，温感，复印防伪）行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备，十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，业务范围有加拿大、英国、澳洲、韩国、美国、新加坡，新西兰等学历材料，包您满意。
【业务选择办理准则】
一、工作未确定，回国需先给父母、亲戚朋友看下文凭的情况，办理一份就读学校的毕业证【微信：6496090】文凭即可
二、回国进私企、外企、自己做生意的情况，这些单位是不查询毕业证真伪的，而且国内没有渠道去查询国外文凭的真假，也不需要提供真实教育部认证。鉴于此，办理一份毕业证【微信：6496090】即可
三、进国企，银行，事业单位，考公务员等等，这些单位是必需要提供真实教育部认证的，办理教育部认证所需资料众多且烦琐，所有材料您都必须提供原件，我们凭借丰富的经验，快捷的绿色通道帮您快速整合材料，让您少走弯路。
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份【微信：6496090】
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
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8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
→ 【关于价格问题（保证一手价格）
我们所定的价格是非常合理的，而且我们现在做得单子大多数都是代理和回头客户介绍的所以一般现在有新的单子 我给客户的都是第一手的代理价格，因为我想坦诚对待大家 不想跟大家在价格方面浪费时间
对于老客户或者被老客户介绍过来的朋友，我们都会适当给一些优惠。
选择实体注册公司办理，更放心，更安全！我们的承诺：可来公司面谈，可签订合同，会陪同客户一起到教育部认证窗口递交认证材料，客户在教育部官方认证查询网站查询到认证通过结果后付款，不成功不收费！
办理塔夫斯大学毕业证Tufts学位证【微信：6496090 】外观非常精致，由特殊纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理塔夫斯大学毕业证Tufts学位证【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理塔夫斯大学毕业证Tufts学位证【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理塔夫斯大学毕业证Tufts学位证【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
MISS TEEN LUCKNOW 2024 - WINNER ASIYA 2024
In the dynamic city of Lucknow, known for its wealthy social legacy and authentic importance, a youthful star has developed, capturing the hearts of numerous with her elegance, insights, and eagerness. Asiya, as of late delegated as the champ from Lucknow for Miss Youngster India 2024 by the DK Pageant, stands as a confirmation of the monstrous ability and potential dwelling inside the youth of India. This exceptional young lady is a signal of excellence and a paragon of devotion and aspiration.
Insanony: Watch Instagram Stories Secretly - A Complete Guide
Welcome to the world of social media, where Instagram reigns supreme! Today, we're going to explore a fascinating tool called Insanony that lets you watch Instagram Stories secretly. If you've ever wanted to view someone's story without them knowing, this blog is for you. We'll delve into everything you need to know about Insanony with Trending Blogers!
一比一原版(UoL毕业证)伦敦大学毕业证如何办理
UoL毕业证成绩单【微信95270640】国外文凭购买伦敦大学留信认证毕业证书印刷品《Q微信95270640》学历认证怎么做：原版仿制伦敦大学电子版成绩单毕业证认证《伦敦大学毕业证成绩单》、伦敦大学文凭证书成绩单复刻offer录取通知书、购买UoL圣力嘉学院本科毕业证、《伦敦大学毕业证办理UoL毕业证书哪里买》、伦敦大学 Offer在线办理UoL Offer伦敦大学Bachloer Degree。
【实体公司】办伦敦大学伦敦大学毕业证学历书学历认证学位证文凭认证办留信网认证办留服认证办教育部认证（网上可查实体公司专业可靠）
— — — 留学归国服务中心 — — -
【主营项目】
一.伦敦大学毕业证成绩单使馆认证教育部认证成绩单等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
国外毕业证学位证成绩单办理流程：
1客户提供伦敦大学伦敦大学毕业证学历书办理信息：姓名生日专业学位毕业时间等（如信息不确定可以咨询顾问：我们有专业老师帮你查询）；
2开始安排制作毕业证成绩单电子图；
3毕业证成绩单电子版做好以后发送给您确认；
4毕业证成绩单电子版您确认信息无误之后安排制作成品；
5成品做好拍照或者视频给您确认；
6快递给客户（国内顺丰国外DHLUPS等快读邮寄）。
专业服务请勿犹豫联系我！本公司是留学创业和海归创业者们的桥梁。一次办理终生受用一步到位高效服务。详情请在线咨询办理,欢迎有诚意办理的客户咨询!洽谈。
招聘代理：本公司诚聘英国加拿大澳洲新西兰美国法国德国新加坡各地代理人员如果你有业余时间有兴趣就请联系我们咨询顾问：+微信:95270640山娃很高兴夏令营就设在附近一所小学山娃发现那所小学比自己的学校更大更美操场上还铺有塑胶跑道呢里面很多小朋友一班一班的快快乐乐原来城里娃都藏这儿来了怪不得平时见不到他们山娃恍然大悟起来吹拉弹唱琴棋书画山娃都不懂却什么都想学山娃怨自己太笨什么都不会斟酌再三山娃终于选定了学美术当听说每月要交元时父亲犹豫了山娃也说爸算了吧咱学校一学期才交元呢买图画书回家咱自己练父亲摸着山娃的小平头擤了擤鼻子很感动很无奈窄
一比一原版(McGill毕业证书)麦吉尔大学毕业证如何办理
学校原件一模一样【微信：6496090 】【(McGill毕业证书)麦吉尔大学毕业证成绩单】【微信：6496090 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）原件一模一样纸张工艺/offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原。
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微6496090
【主营项目】
一.毕业证【q微6496090】成绩单、使馆认证、教育部认证、雅思托福成绩单、学生卡等！
二.真实使馆公证(即留学回国人员证明,不成功不收费)
三.真实教育部学历学位认证（教育部存档！教育部留服网站永久可查）
四.办理各国各大学文凭(一对一专业服务,可全程监控跟踪进度)
如果您处于以下几种情况：
◇在校期间，因各种原因未能顺利毕业……拿不到官方毕业证【q/微6496090】
◇面对父母的压力，希望尽快拿到；
◇不清楚认证流程以及材料该如何准备；
◇回国时间很长，忘记办理；
◇回国马上就要找工作，办给用人单位看；
◇企事业单位必须要求办理的
◇需要报考公务员、购买免税车、落转户口
◇申请留学生创业基金
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
办理(McGill毕业证书)麦吉尔大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】外观非常简单，由纸质材料制成，上面印有校徽、校名、毕业生姓名、专业等信息。
办理(McGill毕业证书)麦吉尔大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】格式相对统一，各专业都有相应的模板。通常包括以下部分：
校徽：象征着学校的荣誉和传承。
校名:学校英文全称
授予学位：本部分将注明获得的具体学位名称。
毕业生姓名：这是最重要的信息之一，标志着该证书是由特定人员获得的。
颁发日期：这是毕业正式生效的时间，也代表着毕业生学业的结束。
其他信息：根据不同的专业和学位，可能会有一些特定的信息或章节。
办理(McGill毕业证书)麦吉尔大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】价值很高，需要妥善保管。一般来说，应放置在安全、干燥、防潮的地方，避免长时间暴露在阳光下。如需使用，最好使用复印件而不是原件，以免丢失。
综上所述，办理(McGill毕业证书)麦吉尔大学毕业证【微信：6496090 】是证明身份和学历的高价值文件。外观简单庄重，格式统一，包括重要的个人信息和发布日期。对持有人来说，妥善保管是非常重要的。
MISS RAIPUR 2024 - WINNER POONAM BHARTI.
Poonam Bharti, a guide of ability and diligence, has been chosen as the champ from Raipur for Mrs. India 2024, Pride of India, from the DK Show. Her journey to this prestigious title is a confirmation of her commitment, difficult work, and multifaceted gifts. At fair 23 a long time ago, Poonam has as of now made noteworthy strides in both her proficient and individual lives, encapsulating the soul of present-day Indian ladies who adjust different parts with beauty and competence. This article dives into Poonam Bharti’s foundation, achievements, and qualities that separated her as a meriting champion of this award.
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Insanony: Watch Instagram Stories Secretly - A Complete Guide
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Constitutional carry explained
- 2. What is constitutional carry? Basically, it’s the legal, permitless carry of firearms. The belief is that the Constitution’s Second Amendment justifies any concealed or open carry.
- 3. Language of the Second Amendment “A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.”
- 4. A growing number of states support constitutional carry Traditionally, many states allow open carry without a permit. It’s the addition of those few that allow concealed carry without a permit. Alaska, Arizona, Arkansas, Idaho, Kansas, Maine, Wyoming, Vermont
- 5. Vermont, a constitutional carry early adopter Vermont was the first to allow it with its state constitution in 1777. It was later upheld in 1903 in State v Rosenthal, 75 Vt. 295. For some time, the practice was called “Vermont Carry.”
- 6. Alaska and constitutional carry Made the transition in 2003. Governor Frank Murkowski signed House Bill 102 into law.
- 7. State resident-only constitutional carry Wyoming: the fourth state in 2011, only extends this right to state residents. Idaho: the ninth state in 2016, applies the same rules to its residents
- 8. An honorable mention to Oklahoma This state allows out of state residents from Constitutional Carry states to carry a weapon as long as they have valid photo identification.
- 10. Downsides with constitutional carry Federal Gun-Free School Zone Act: though rarely enforced, it does not add an exemption for constitutional carry. Reciprocity: aside from Oklahoma, there is no reciprocity benefit.
- 11. Upsides to constitutional carry No fees No test No permit No government list Decriminalization of what is otherwise a harmless act Carrying a firearm for self-defense is not and should not be considered a criminal act.
- 12. The public benefits from less regulated firearm ownership Other people carry besides criminals and cops Guns are in the hands of law abiding citizens Alleviates social stigma
- 13. Consider an inside the waistband or outside the waistband holster Alien Gear Holsters provides a large array of holsters for both IWB and OWB carry.