Tears, then state rests in James Holmes trial | National Newsjacksonxtnbbucttb
The prosecution rested its case in the James Holmes trial after calling its final witness, a survivor who lost her pregnancy and young daughter in the theater shooting. Her emotional testimony capped two months of the prosecution presenting over 200 witnesses. Next week, the defense will begin presenting its case for Holmes, who has pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity. Throughout the trial, there have been issues with jurors being dismissed for various reasons, leaving 12 jurors and 7 alternates.
A chemical bond is formed via electrostatic attraction between opposite charges, such as between electrons and nuclei. Bond strength varies from strong covalent and ionic bonds to weaker dipole-dipole and London dispersion forces. Electrons occupy a larger volume between nuclei due to their small mass, keeping atoms apart. Strong bonds involve electron sharing or transfer between atoms, holding together most matter through their structure and properties.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
This video is a tutorial on how to make homemade pizza dough. It shows how to mix flour, yeast, salt, olive oil and water to form the dough. The dough is then kneaded, shaped into balls, and left to rise before being topped and baked. The final product is a homemade pizza with a crispy crust.
El documento describe los componentes principales de un ordenador y sus periféricos. Explica que un ordenador está compuesto por una placa base, procesador y memoria RAM, y que los periféricos incluyen dispositivos de entrada como teclado, ratón y micrófono; dispositivos de salida como monitor e impresora; dispositivos de entrada y salida como pantallas tácticas; y dispositivos de almacenamiento como discos duros y memorias flash. También menciona elementos de redes como routers, switches y hubs.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
Tears, then state rests in James Holmes trial | National Newsjacksonxtnbbucttb
The prosecution rested its case in the James Holmes trial after calling its final witness, a survivor who lost her pregnancy and young daughter in the theater shooting. Her emotional testimony capped two months of the prosecution presenting over 200 witnesses. Next week, the defense will begin presenting its case for Holmes, who has pleaded not guilty by reason of insanity. Throughout the trial, there have been issues with jurors being dismissed for various reasons, leaving 12 jurors and 7 alternates.
A chemical bond is formed via electrostatic attraction between opposite charges, such as between electrons and nuclei. Bond strength varies from strong covalent and ionic bonds to weaker dipole-dipole and London dispersion forces. Electrons occupy a larger volume between nuclei due to their small mass, keeping atoms apart. Strong bonds involve electron sharing or transfer between atoms, holding together most matter through their structure and properties.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise boosts blood flow, releases endorphins, and promotes changes in the brain which help enhance one's emotional well-being and mental clarity.
This video is a tutorial on how to make homemade pizza dough. It shows how to mix flour, yeast, salt, olive oil and water to form the dough. The dough is then kneaded, shaped into balls, and left to rise before being topped and baked. The final product is a homemade pizza with a crispy crust.
El documento describe los componentes principales de un ordenador y sus periféricos. Explica que un ordenador está compuesto por una placa base, procesador y memoria RAM, y que los periféricos incluyen dispositivos de entrada como teclado, ratón y micrófono; dispositivos de salida como monitor e impresora; dispositivos de entrada y salida como pantallas tácticas; y dispositivos de almacenamiento como discos duros y memorias flash. También menciona elementos de redes como routers, switches y hubs.
The document discusses the benefits of exercise for mental health. Regular physical activity can help reduce anxiety and depression and improve mood and cognitive functioning. Exercise causes chemical changes in the brain that may help boost feelings of calmness, happiness and focus.
After reading the Brittany Maynard case, create an original post tha.docxneedhamserena
After reading the Brittany Maynard case, create an original post that compares your professional and personal positions on the case. What are the code of ethics, professional regulations, and policies that support your professional position? Explain how to work through ideas when your professional and personal positions come into conflict.
California legislators just introduced a bill to let the terminally ill end their own lives
photo-color: Debbie Ziegler, the mother of Brittany Maynard, speaks in support of proposed legislation allowing doctors to prescribe life-ending medication to terminally ill patients during a news conference at the Capitol, Jan. 21, 2015, in Sacramento, Calif. Rich Pedroncelli—AP
After Brittany Maynard was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer last year, she decided to move from California, where she was born and raised, to Oregon. She chose it because Oregon was one of just five states in the nation that allowed Maynard to obtain medication to end her own life.
Since Maynard’s death in November, six states have introduced so-called right-to-die legislation, including the one she chose to leave.
“The fact that Brittany Maynard was a Californian suffering from an incurable, irreversible illness who then had to leave the state to ease her suffering was simply appalling, simply unacceptable,” says California Sen. Lois Wolk, who along with Sen. Bill Monning, both Democrats, have co-authored a bill giving terminally ill patients with six months to live the ability to obtain life-ending medication.
The bill, which would require two independent physicians to determine that patients are mentally competent to make an end-of-life decision, is largely modeled after Oregon’s 1997 Death With Dignity law, which was the first state measure to allow terminal patients to end their lives. That law has become a template for other states considering similar legislation. According to the Oregon Public Health Division, 1,173 people have had end-of-life medication prescribed to them as of 2013; 752 have actually chosen to ingest it.
Only two other states have passed right-to-die legislation—Washington and Vermont—while judges in New Mexico and Montana have effectively legalized it by saying there is nothing barring doctors from prescribing life-ending medication.
For years, the so-called right-to-die movement was most associated with Jack Kevorkian, the Michigan physician known as Dr. Death for participating in dozens of physician-assisted suicides, one of which led to a conviction of second-degree murder. Maynard offered a far more sympathetic face for the movement. A 29-year-old newlywed who was diagnosed with brain cancer on Jan. 1, 2014, Maynard used her story to advocate for so-called death with dignity laws while publicly discussing her symptoms and plans for her last few weeks. She died Nov. 1 after taking doctor-prescribed barbiturates.
Since then, legislators from 14 states have either introduced or pledged to put forwa ...
Essence Magazine
February 2007
SPECIAL REPORT
The New York City AIDS Experiment
By Kristal Brent Zook, Photography by Nitin Vadukul
Inside New York City's Administration for Children's Services headquarters on
William Street in Manhattan, there is a vaulted room known to staffers as the
Bubble. Hundreds of records are housed there: fat file folders containing vital
information about each of the foster children, most of them African-American and
Latino, ages 6 months and younger, who were enrolled in experimental HIV/AIDS
clinical trials conducted from 1988 to 2001. The records, overflowing with
information about the well-being of the children, fill about 60 lateral file
cabinets.
Dig deeper and it's quite possible that these files also contain answers to many
other questions that are now being asked --- or,
in some cases, shouted angrily --- by parents, children's advocates, community
activists and local politicians: questions about whether the experimental drugs
harmed the children and how, or if, some died as a result of the treatments. The
fact that some of the files were destroyed in a fire, ESSENCE learned, could mean
there is a possibility that many questions may never be answered.
Clinical Trials and Tribulations
In the late 1980's and early 1990's, hundreds of children in New York City were
dying of AIDS. A total of 321 newborns were infected with HIV in 1990, the year the
virus soared among infants. Something had to be done. "We fought to get people of
color into clinical trials," recalls Debra Fraser-Howze, founding president and CEO
of the National Black Leadership Commission on AIDS, the oldest agency addressing
AIDS in Black communities. "At that time they only had gay White men enrolled, and
activists rightfully argued for inclusion," says Fraser-Howze, who now chairs an
advisory committee investigating the clinical trials. In response, some doctors,
aware that AZT for adults had just been approved, began testing foster children ---
mostly from the poor communities of Harlem and the Bronx, where many of the children
were dying --- in clinical trials during the early 1990's.
Not everyone was happy with this arrangement. For years foster parents and
biological family members alleged that some children were being enrolled against
their will and without proper parental permission. Other families claimed they were
bullied into giving their children HIV drugs, and when parents no longer felt it was
safe to continue administering medicine, they stood to lose their children.
"Something seriously went wrong, well-intentioned though it may have been," said New
York City Council Member Bill Perkins during public hearings held in 2005. "We can't
duck it. We can't sugarcoat it." Sharman Stein, the director of communications for
the Administration for Children's Services (formerly known as the Bureau of Child
Welfare), says: "This is an issue that took place almost 20 years ago, long before
th.
The representation of Michael Jackson report jasaloma
The document discusses an investigation into Michael Jackson's representation in the media before and after his death, and the legal and ethical constraints. It describes conducting secondary research analyzing 12 media sources and primary research including a focus group, content analysis, and questionnaire. It finds Jackson's representation varied, with more balanced coverage of his death but biased coverage of allegations. It analyzes how court documents and evidence were published, sometimes inappropriately, and how Conrad Murray used media to shift blame onto Jackson. The focus group found some media sources inappropriately invaded Jackson's privacy and breached ethics.
22320171Whose Life Is It Anyway Euthanasia, Ass.docxtamicawaysmith
2/23/2017
1
Whose Life Is It Anyway?
Euthanasia, Assisted Suicide,
Suicide
Chapter 8
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
8.1 Discuss the morality of mercy killing and assisted suicide.
8.2 Critically analyze the relation between what is legal and what is
moral in end-of-life care.
8.3 Articulate the utilitarian and Kantian arguments about suicide,
assisted suicide, and euthanasia.
Legalization
The laws regulating what doctors may or may not do to end a life
vary from state to state in the United States as well as from country
to country.
In 2001, the Netherlands became the first country to legalize
euthanasia, allowing doctors to end the life of adult patients at the
patient’s request.
In 2008, the law was amended to allow parents to give consent for
doctors to kill infants who are terminally ill and in severe pain. This
new measure, known as the Groningen Protocol, is the first to allow
euthanasia for newborn babies.
2/23/2017
2
5 Different Types
Active
Euthanasia
Voluntary
Euthanasia
Active
Non-
voluntary
Active X
Passive
Euthanasia
Voluntary
Euthanasia
Passive
Non-
voluntary
Passive
Involuntary
Euthanasia
Passive
Active Euthanasia
Something is done to the patient to hasten Death
Not legal in the United States
Legal in Netherlands and Australia
Examples: drugs are administered at lethal levels.
Passive Euthanasia
Patient is allowed to die. Only medication help ease patient’s pain
is administered.
Examples:
Turning off respirator, refusing chemotherapy.
2/23/2017
3
Voluntary Euthanasia
Patient request treatment to be stopped.
Examples: chemotherapy, dialysis & living will.
Non-Voluntary
Patient cannot decide for themselves.
Someone makes the decision for them.
Examples: children, comatose patients, or individuals not mentally
competent
Heath Care Surrogate
You can appoint someone, to act as your representative in the
event you are mentally incapacitated.
Terri Schiavo did not have a Heath Care Surrogate.
If you do not have one, by default it is your spouse. If you are
unmarried, it is your parents or next of kin.
2/23/2017
4
Involuntary
Patient is refused a life sustaining treatment.
Examples: Drugs are too costly, limited supply of organs.
About 13,000 patients are on waiting list in the US.
Assisted Suicide
Someone helps you to take your own life.
In 1994 Oregon passed “Death with Dignity law” becoming the first
state to legalize Assisted Suicide.
History
400 B. C. - The earliest recorded reference to Euthanasia comes
from Hippocrates, the father of medicine. He is quoted as saying “I
will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any
such counsel”
673 – England prohibits suicide.
1647 – the Providence Plantations (Rhode Island) declared that if
an individual committed suicide his/her possessions would become
the property of ...
The article discusses a lawsuit filed by attorney Gordon Erspamer on behalf of six former US soldiers who claim they were subjects in secret chemical and biological experiments conducted at the Army's Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland between 1950 and 1975. While the government conducted human experiments testing nerve agents, antidotes, and irritants, many details of the tests and the soldiers involved were destroyed. The plaintiffs allege they continue to suffer health effects from the experiments but are seeking access to healthcare rather than monetary damages due to legal protections for the military. One plaintiff, Frank Rochelle, describes experiencing hallucinations and memory loss after tests exposing him to sedatives in gas chambers without proper consent or knowledge of risks.
Dr. Jack Kevorkian assisted over 130 people with suicide during the 1990s. In 1999, he was convicted of second degree murder for administering a lethal injection to Thomas Yourk and sentenced to 10-25 years in prison plus 3-7 additional years. He was paroled in 2007 and died in 2011 from lung and heart complications at age 83. Kevorkian sparked debate around physician-assisted suicide and patients' right to choose, as laws vary by state and the Supreme Court did not find a constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide.
This document discusses a case, Pollizzi v. Get-a-Life Insurance Company, in which an insurance company is refusing to pay life insurance death benefits for an 8-year-old child who died of a drug overdose. The insurance company claims the death was a suicide, which is not covered. An expert witness conducted a psychological autopsy to determine if the child had the capacity to commit suicide. The document analyzes whether psychological autopsies meet the Frye standard for reliability and admissibility in court. It discusses studies on both sides and concludes that while psychological autopsies are generally accepted, their reliability is questionable, so they should not be admitted in this case.
The document discusses several topics related to assessing and managing suicidality including practitioner vulnerability when dealing with suicidal patients, legal cases involving negligence in dealing with suicidal individuals, suicide rates among college students, FDA warnings about antidepressants and suicide risk in children and adolescents, risk factors and odds ratios for suicide, what constitutes the standard of care in dealing with suicidal patients, and establishing a therapeutic alliance with suicidal clients.
The document discusses a 1987 case where Cheryl Massip killed her 6-week old son by throwing him in traffic and running over him with her car twice. She claimed he cried too much. She was found guilty of second-degree murder but the judge later overturned the verdict, claiming she had temporary insanity. The document questions whether society can accept such acts against children and what legal arguments can defend killing one's own child.
Wheres my justice shooting victim wonders as former Mari.docxjolleybendicty
This document summarizes a shooting incident in which a former Marine, Thomas Landry, shot a woman named Josephine Otim with a handgun. Landry was diagnosed with PTSD from his military service. In court, he received 5 years of probation rather than prison time, due to his PTSD diagnosis and progress in treatment. Otim was upset by this outcome, wondering where her justice was. The judge acknowledged Otim's trauma but believed prison would not provide the treatment Landry needed.
Wheres my justice shooting victim wonders as former Mari.docxhelzerpatrina
'Where's my justice?' shooting victim wonders as
former Marine gets probation
By DALE VINCENT
New Hampshire Union Leader
MANCHESTER — “Where’s my justice? Where’s my justice?” shooting victim
Josephine Otim cried Tuesday as she stood outside the courtroom where the former
Marine who pulled the trigger was placed on probation for five years.
Hillsborough County Superior Court North Judge Gillian Abramson said she didn’t
believe the New Hampshire State Prison system could give Thomas Landry, now 27,
the treatment he needs for his Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). She gave him
suspended sentences of 7 1/2 to 15 years and 3 1/2 to seven years for the random
shooting in which Otim was injured.
Abramson acknowledged that Otim, the mother of a young child, had come to this
country from war-torn Sudan, “expecting and deserving sanctuary and security.”
But on the night of July 15, 2013, Otim was shot as she sat in friend Shaquwan’da
Allen’s car on Somerville Street after completing a double shift as an LNA at a Bedford
nursing home.
Landry, who police said had been drinking the night of the shooting and was on various
medications — 26 prescription bottles bearing his name were found at his residence —
walked up to Allen’s car, so close that if she had opened the door it would have hit him.
It was then he fired the Sig Sauer P229 he carried in a back waist holster and hit Otim in
the leg. After two surgeries, she still walks with a limp.
“I’ve been through wars ...,” Otim said Tuesday in court. “You took me to the worst
nightmare of my life ... I can’t trust anyone because of you.”
Landry pleaded guilty to felonies of first-degree assault and criminal threatening.
The medical director for the New Hampshire State Prison System, Dr. David Potenza,
told Abramson Tuesday there were programs, including medications, for veterans and
other men with PTSD at the state prisons. But Landry’s new Massachusetts clinical
psychologist, Dr. William Newman, said that his methods could “cure” Landry of his
PTSD.
He said his treatment includes hypnosis, yoga and tai chi, meditation and mindfulness,
but no medications; he has been seeing Landry twice a week since September.
“I’m optimistic about his prognosis,” Newman said.
Newman told Abramson he doesn’t believe Landry would be helped in prison. “They
give medication and I know that’s not going to work,” he said.
Abramson said she was impressed with Landry’s reported progress and that he entered
a plea that eliminated the need for a trial that would further traumatize Otim and Allen.
Saying the two women may not agree with her sentence, Abramson said: “I ask that you
trust me.”
If there is any violation of probation, she promised, Landry will go to prison.
Conditions of the suspended sentences include 500 hours of community service within
18 months, continued in- and out-patient counseling, alcohol and drug screening,
restitution to his victim and the victi ...
Roebuck 1 Brittany Roebuck Professor Bertsch ENG.docxhealdkathaleen
Roebuck 1
Brittany Roebuck
Professor Bertsch
ENGL 1100
8 April 2018
Should Physician-Assisted Suicide Be Legal?
In 1997, Oregon became the first state to enact the Death with Dignity Act (DWDA).
This act allows a person with a terminal illness to make the decision to end their own life with a
lethal medication prescribed by a physician. Since then, only four other states have legalized
physician-assisted suicide. I’m interested in this topic for two reasons. The first being I am
currently making a career change and going back to school for nursing. I ultimately want to
become a hospice nurse. I believe this is a very relevant topic in the field of providing comfort
care to terminally ill patients. The second reason is because my grandpa died of lung cancer and I
spent the majority of his last three months taking care of him. His time between diagnosis and
when he passed was very quick but also very painful. I can’t imagine if he had lived for another
year or more how difficult it would have been for him, myself, and my family. We never
discussed the option of physician-assisted suicide because it is not an option in the state of Ohio.
My grandpa had a passion for life and living it to the fullest. Knowing him well, I think if the
option had been available, it would have been something he would have considered. I wanted to
dive into this topic and find out why in the past eleven years this law has only been passed in five
states. So, I decided to do some research of my own to find out the answer to my question:
Should physician-assisted suicide be legal in every state?
When I started researching this topic, I found a lot of opposition. There are many reasons
people are against physician-assisted suicide. One being religious reasons. Religious
Roebuck 2
organizations argue that human life is sacred and someone ending their own life, no matter the
circumstances, is morally and spiritually wrong (“Right to Die” 2). The American Medical
Association also objects to physician-assisted suicide. They argue that physicians are meant to
heal not kill (2). Another argument states that allowing physician-assisted suicide would leave
people with mental and physical disabilities open to being coerced into ending their own lives. If
someone believes they may be a financial or physical burden on their family, they may be
tempted to consider physician-assisted suicide simply to relieve that burden. Some people think
instead of helping people die, doctors and policy makers should be working on improving end-
of-life care (2). There is also an argument that minorities have less access to health care and
receive less treatment as a result. This may make a pill to end their lives feel like the only option
for them. (2)
As far as support for this movement, well, there’s less of it. Supporters argue that if a
person has the right to refuse medical treatment, they should also have the rig ...
1. Were the Judges actions ethical Explain. 2. Were Mr Hughs ac.docxjackiewalcutt
1. Were the Judge's actions ethical? Explain. 2. Were Mr Hugh's actions ethical? Explain.
3. Is it ethical for the legal system to allow an innocent person to go to prison to protect the guilty person? Explain.
When Law Prevents Righting a Wrong
By Adam Liptak
Staples Hughes, a North Carolina lawyer, was on the witness stand and about to disclose a secret he believed would free an innocent man from prison. But the judge told Mr. Hughes to stop.
“If you testify,” Judge Jack A. Thompson said at a hearing last year on the prisoner’s request for a new trial, “I will be compelled to report you to the state bar. Do you understand that?”
But Mr. Hughes continued. Twenty-two years before, he said, a client, now dead, confessed that he had acted alone in committing a double murder for which another man was also serving life. After his own imprisoned client died, Mr. Hughes recalled last week, “it seemed to me at that point ethically permissible and morally imperative that I spill the beans.”
Judge Thompson, of the Cumberland County Superior Court in Fayetteville, did not see it that way, and some experts in legal ethics agree with him. The obligation to keep a client’s secrets is so important, they say, that it survives death and may not be violated even to cure a grave injustice – for example, the imprisonment for 26 years of another man, in Illinois, who was freed just last month.
A lawyer’s broad duty to keep clients’ confidences is the bedrock on which the justice system is built, they argue. If clients did not feel free to speak candidly, their lawyers could not represent them effectively. And making exceptions risks eroding the trust between clients and their lawyers in future cases. Experts in legal ethics are quick to point out that the various players in the adversary system have assigned roles and that lawyers generally must tend to a limited one.
“Lawyers are not undercover informants,” said Stephen Gillers, who teaches legal ethics at New York University. Indeed, said Steven Lubet, who teaches legal ethics at Northwestern, few clients would confess to their lawyers if they knew the lawyers might some day choose to disclose that information.
The analysis does bend a bit, in two ways, in cases involving death.
Legal ethics rules vary from state to state, but many allow disclosure of client confidences to prevent certain death or substantial bodily harm. That means, several legal ethics experts said, that lawyers may break a client’s confidence to stop an execution, but not to free an innocent prisoner. Massachusetts seems to be alone in allowing lawyers to reveal secrets “to prevent the wrongful execution or incarceration of another.”
And there is a debate over how a client’s death affects a lawyer’s obligation to keep the client’s secrets. Most lawyers and courts say the obligation lives on. But it can be hard to live with the consequences.
I’ve never, ever, ever before violated a client’s confidence, never,” Mr. Hugh ...
The document discusses physician-assisted suicide laws in several US states. It provides details on:
1) The eligibility requirements for patients seeking physician-assisted suicide, including being terminally ill with less than 6 months to live, mentally competent, and a resident of Oregon, Washington, Vermont, Montana or New Mexico.
2) The process patients must go through, including making two oral requests 15 days apart, a written request, and a 48-hour waiting period before receiving a prescription.
3) Perspectives on the debate around physician-assisted suicide laws, with supporters arguing for patient autonomy and relieving suffering, and opponents like the Catholic Church believing it devalues life.
All Celebrity HIPAA Violations Since EnactmentEtactics, Inc.
UCLA Hospitals was fined $865,000 for unauthorized access to the medical records of Maria Shriver, Britney Spears, and Farrah Fawcett by hospital employees. The document provides an infographic listing numerous instances where celebrity medical records were inappropriately accessed by hospital staff, including those of George Clooney, Richard Collier, Nadya Suleman, Anne Pressly, Dr. Rick Sacra, Kim Kardashian, Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, Jussie Smollett, and Jason Pierre-Paul. Penalties for such HIPAA violations ranged from employee firings to monetary fines.
This document summarizes research on elderly individuals selling prescription drugs. It discusses three potential causes: 1) supplementing limited income from social security, 2) continuing lifelong drug dealing behaviors, and 3) new addictions resulting from overprescribing by physicians. Interviews with former drug dealers suggest some saw it as a way to earn income, not as illegal. However, drug abuse experts believe true drug dealers do not usually live to an old age. The document also discusses poverty rates among the elderly and risks of homelessness without additional income or family support. It concludes that lack of screening tools and overprescribing by physicians may also contribute to elder drug abuse and dealing.
Charles Cullen was a nurse in New Jersey and Pennsylvania who was convicted of murdering at least 40 patients over the course of his 16 year career. He worked at 10 different hospitals where he used various methods like lethal drug overdoses to kill patients. Cullen was able to move between hospitals undetected because of lack of reporting requirements and legal protections for employers. He was eventually arrested in 2003 and pleaded guilty to murdering 29 people. Cullen received 11 consecutive life sentences.
Unit 9 project elizabeth hall assessing competencyElizabeth Hall
Edward Wilson was ordered for a competency assessment related to pending murder charges. He has a history of paranoid schizophrenia and was not taking his medication at the time of the alleged crime. The psychologist conducted interviews and testing to determine if Wilson understood legal proceedings and could assist his attorney. While stabilized on new medication, Wilson still displayed delusional thoughts. The psychologist found Wilson currently unfit to stand trial and recommended psychiatric treatment and reevaluation in 3 months.
After reading the Brittany Maynard case, create an original post tha.docxneedhamserena
After reading the Brittany Maynard case, create an original post that compares your professional and personal positions on the case. What are the code of ethics, professional regulations, and policies that support your professional position? Explain how to work through ideas when your professional and personal positions come into conflict.
California legislators just introduced a bill to let the terminally ill end their own lives
photo-color: Debbie Ziegler, the mother of Brittany Maynard, speaks in support of proposed legislation allowing doctors to prescribe life-ending medication to terminally ill patients during a news conference at the Capitol, Jan. 21, 2015, in Sacramento, Calif. Rich Pedroncelli—AP
After Brittany Maynard was diagnosed with terminal brain cancer last year, she decided to move from California, where she was born and raised, to Oregon. She chose it because Oregon was one of just five states in the nation that allowed Maynard to obtain medication to end her own life.
Since Maynard’s death in November, six states have introduced so-called right-to-die legislation, including the one she chose to leave.
“The fact that Brittany Maynard was a Californian suffering from an incurable, irreversible illness who then had to leave the state to ease her suffering was simply appalling, simply unacceptable,” says California Sen. Lois Wolk, who along with Sen. Bill Monning, both Democrats, have co-authored a bill giving terminally ill patients with six months to live the ability to obtain life-ending medication.
The bill, which would require two independent physicians to determine that patients are mentally competent to make an end-of-life decision, is largely modeled after Oregon’s 1997 Death With Dignity law, which was the first state measure to allow terminal patients to end their lives. That law has become a template for other states considering similar legislation. According to the Oregon Public Health Division, 1,173 people have had end-of-life medication prescribed to them as of 2013; 752 have actually chosen to ingest it.
Only two other states have passed right-to-die legislation—Washington and Vermont—while judges in New Mexico and Montana have effectively legalized it by saying there is nothing barring doctors from prescribing life-ending medication.
For years, the so-called right-to-die movement was most associated with Jack Kevorkian, the Michigan physician known as Dr. Death for participating in dozens of physician-assisted suicides, one of which led to a conviction of second-degree murder. Maynard offered a far more sympathetic face for the movement. A 29-year-old newlywed who was diagnosed with brain cancer on Jan. 1, 2014, Maynard used her story to advocate for so-called death with dignity laws while publicly discussing her symptoms and plans for her last few weeks. She died Nov. 1 after taking doctor-prescribed barbiturates.
Since then, legislators from 14 states have either introduced or pledged to put forwa ...
Essence Magazine
February 2007
SPECIAL REPORT
The New York City AIDS Experiment
By Kristal Brent Zook, Photography by Nitin Vadukul
Inside New York City's Administration for Children's Services headquarters on
William Street in Manhattan, there is a vaulted room known to staffers as the
Bubble. Hundreds of records are housed there: fat file folders containing vital
information about each of the foster children, most of them African-American and
Latino, ages 6 months and younger, who were enrolled in experimental HIV/AIDS
clinical trials conducted from 1988 to 2001. The records, overflowing with
information about the well-being of the children, fill about 60 lateral file
cabinets.
Dig deeper and it's quite possible that these files also contain answers to many
other questions that are now being asked --- or,
in some cases, shouted angrily --- by parents, children's advocates, community
activists and local politicians: questions about whether the experimental drugs
harmed the children and how, or if, some died as a result of the treatments. The
fact that some of the files were destroyed in a fire, ESSENCE learned, could mean
there is a possibility that many questions may never be answered.
Clinical Trials and Tribulations
In the late 1980's and early 1990's, hundreds of children in New York City were
dying of AIDS. A total of 321 newborns were infected with HIV in 1990, the year the
virus soared among infants. Something had to be done. "We fought to get people of
color into clinical trials," recalls Debra Fraser-Howze, founding president and CEO
of the National Black Leadership Commission on AIDS, the oldest agency addressing
AIDS in Black communities. "At that time they only had gay White men enrolled, and
activists rightfully argued for inclusion," says Fraser-Howze, who now chairs an
advisory committee investigating the clinical trials. In response, some doctors,
aware that AZT for adults had just been approved, began testing foster children ---
mostly from the poor communities of Harlem and the Bronx, where many of the children
were dying --- in clinical trials during the early 1990's.
Not everyone was happy with this arrangement. For years foster parents and
biological family members alleged that some children were being enrolled against
their will and without proper parental permission. Other families claimed they were
bullied into giving their children HIV drugs, and when parents no longer felt it was
safe to continue administering medicine, they stood to lose their children.
"Something seriously went wrong, well-intentioned though it may have been," said New
York City Council Member Bill Perkins during public hearings held in 2005. "We can't
duck it. We can't sugarcoat it." Sharman Stein, the director of communications for
the Administration for Children's Services (formerly known as the Bureau of Child
Welfare), says: "This is an issue that took place almost 20 years ago, long before
th.
The representation of Michael Jackson report jasaloma
The document discusses an investigation into Michael Jackson's representation in the media before and after his death, and the legal and ethical constraints. It describes conducting secondary research analyzing 12 media sources and primary research including a focus group, content analysis, and questionnaire. It finds Jackson's representation varied, with more balanced coverage of his death but biased coverage of allegations. It analyzes how court documents and evidence were published, sometimes inappropriately, and how Conrad Murray used media to shift blame onto Jackson. The focus group found some media sources inappropriately invaded Jackson's privacy and breached ethics.
22320171Whose Life Is It Anyway Euthanasia, Ass.docxtamicawaysmith
2/23/2017
1
Whose Life Is It Anyway?
Euthanasia, Assisted Suicide,
Suicide
Chapter 8
Learning Objectives
After reading this chapter, you will be able to:
8.1 Discuss the morality of mercy killing and assisted suicide.
8.2 Critically analyze the relation between what is legal and what is
moral in end-of-life care.
8.3 Articulate the utilitarian and Kantian arguments about suicide,
assisted suicide, and euthanasia.
Legalization
The laws regulating what doctors may or may not do to end a life
vary from state to state in the United States as well as from country
to country.
In 2001, the Netherlands became the first country to legalize
euthanasia, allowing doctors to end the life of adult patients at the
patient’s request.
In 2008, the law was amended to allow parents to give consent for
doctors to kill infants who are terminally ill and in severe pain. This
new measure, known as the Groningen Protocol, is the first to allow
euthanasia for newborn babies.
2/23/2017
2
5 Different Types
Active
Euthanasia
Voluntary
Euthanasia
Active
Non-
voluntary
Active X
Passive
Euthanasia
Voluntary
Euthanasia
Passive
Non-
voluntary
Passive
Involuntary
Euthanasia
Passive
Active Euthanasia
Something is done to the patient to hasten Death
Not legal in the United States
Legal in Netherlands and Australia
Examples: drugs are administered at lethal levels.
Passive Euthanasia
Patient is allowed to die. Only medication help ease patient’s pain
is administered.
Examples:
Turning off respirator, refusing chemotherapy.
2/23/2017
3
Voluntary Euthanasia
Patient request treatment to be stopped.
Examples: chemotherapy, dialysis & living will.
Non-Voluntary
Patient cannot decide for themselves.
Someone makes the decision for them.
Examples: children, comatose patients, or individuals not mentally
competent
Heath Care Surrogate
You can appoint someone, to act as your representative in the
event you are mentally incapacitated.
Terri Schiavo did not have a Heath Care Surrogate.
If you do not have one, by default it is your spouse. If you are
unmarried, it is your parents or next of kin.
2/23/2017
4
Involuntary
Patient is refused a life sustaining treatment.
Examples: Drugs are too costly, limited supply of organs.
About 13,000 patients are on waiting list in the US.
Assisted Suicide
Someone helps you to take your own life.
In 1994 Oregon passed “Death with Dignity law” becoming the first
state to legalize Assisted Suicide.
History
400 B. C. - The earliest recorded reference to Euthanasia comes
from Hippocrates, the father of medicine. He is quoted as saying “I
will give no deadly medicine to any one if asked, nor suggest any
such counsel”
673 – England prohibits suicide.
1647 – the Providence Plantations (Rhode Island) declared that if
an individual committed suicide his/her possessions would become
the property of ...
The article discusses a lawsuit filed by attorney Gordon Erspamer on behalf of six former US soldiers who claim they were subjects in secret chemical and biological experiments conducted at the Army's Edgewood Arsenal in Maryland between 1950 and 1975. While the government conducted human experiments testing nerve agents, antidotes, and irritants, many details of the tests and the soldiers involved were destroyed. The plaintiffs allege they continue to suffer health effects from the experiments but are seeking access to healthcare rather than monetary damages due to legal protections for the military. One plaintiff, Frank Rochelle, describes experiencing hallucinations and memory loss after tests exposing him to sedatives in gas chambers without proper consent or knowledge of risks.
Dr. Jack Kevorkian assisted over 130 people with suicide during the 1990s. In 1999, he was convicted of second degree murder for administering a lethal injection to Thomas Yourk and sentenced to 10-25 years in prison plus 3-7 additional years. He was paroled in 2007 and died in 2011 from lung and heart complications at age 83. Kevorkian sparked debate around physician-assisted suicide and patients' right to choose, as laws vary by state and the Supreme Court did not find a constitutional right to physician-assisted suicide.
This document discusses a case, Pollizzi v. Get-a-Life Insurance Company, in which an insurance company is refusing to pay life insurance death benefits for an 8-year-old child who died of a drug overdose. The insurance company claims the death was a suicide, which is not covered. An expert witness conducted a psychological autopsy to determine if the child had the capacity to commit suicide. The document analyzes whether psychological autopsies meet the Frye standard for reliability and admissibility in court. It discusses studies on both sides and concludes that while psychological autopsies are generally accepted, their reliability is questionable, so they should not be admitted in this case.
The document discusses several topics related to assessing and managing suicidality including practitioner vulnerability when dealing with suicidal patients, legal cases involving negligence in dealing with suicidal individuals, suicide rates among college students, FDA warnings about antidepressants and suicide risk in children and adolescents, risk factors and odds ratios for suicide, what constitutes the standard of care in dealing with suicidal patients, and establishing a therapeutic alliance with suicidal clients.
The document discusses a 1987 case where Cheryl Massip killed her 6-week old son by throwing him in traffic and running over him with her car twice. She claimed he cried too much. She was found guilty of second-degree murder but the judge later overturned the verdict, claiming she had temporary insanity. The document questions whether society can accept such acts against children and what legal arguments can defend killing one's own child.
Wheres my justice shooting victim wonders as former Mari.docxjolleybendicty
This document summarizes a shooting incident in which a former Marine, Thomas Landry, shot a woman named Josephine Otim with a handgun. Landry was diagnosed with PTSD from his military service. In court, he received 5 years of probation rather than prison time, due to his PTSD diagnosis and progress in treatment. Otim was upset by this outcome, wondering where her justice was. The judge acknowledged Otim's trauma but believed prison would not provide the treatment Landry needed.
Wheres my justice shooting victim wonders as former Mari.docxhelzerpatrina
'Where's my justice?' shooting victim wonders as
former Marine gets probation
By DALE VINCENT
New Hampshire Union Leader
MANCHESTER — “Where’s my justice? Where’s my justice?” shooting victim
Josephine Otim cried Tuesday as she stood outside the courtroom where the former
Marine who pulled the trigger was placed on probation for five years.
Hillsborough County Superior Court North Judge Gillian Abramson said she didn’t
believe the New Hampshire State Prison system could give Thomas Landry, now 27,
the treatment he needs for his Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD). She gave him
suspended sentences of 7 1/2 to 15 years and 3 1/2 to seven years for the random
shooting in which Otim was injured.
Abramson acknowledged that Otim, the mother of a young child, had come to this
country from war-torn Sudan, “expecting and deserving sanctuary and security.”
But on the night of July 15, 2013, Otim was shot as she sat in friend Shaquwan’da
Allen’s car on Somerville Street after completing a double shift as an LNA at a Bedford
nursing home.
Landry, who police said had been drinking the night of the shooting and was on various
medications — 26 prescription bottles bearing his name were found at his residence —
walked up to Allen’s car, so close that if she had opened the door it would have hit him.
It was then he fired the Sig Sauer P229 he carried in a back waist holster and hit Otim in
the leg. After two surgeries, she still walks with a limp.
“I’ve been through wars ...,” Otim said Tuesday in court. “You took me to the worst
nightmare of my life ... I can’t trust anyone because of you.”
Landry pleaded guilty to felonies of first-degree assault and criminal threatening.
The medical director for the New Hampshire State Prison System, Dr. David Potenza,
told Abramson Tuesday there were programs, including medications, for veterans and
other men with PTSD at the state prisons. But Landry’s new Massachusetts clinical
psychologist, Dr. William Newman, said that his methods could “cure” Landry of his
PTSD.
He said his treatment includes hypnosis, yoga and tai chi, meditation and mindfulness,
but no medications; he has been seeing Landry twice a week since September.
“I’m optimistic about his prognosis,” Newman said.
Newman told Abramson he doesn’t believe Landry would be helped in prison. “They
give medication and I know that’s not going to work,” he said.
Abramson said she was impressed with Landry’s reported progress and that he entered
a plea that eliminated the need for a trial that would further traumatize Otim and Allen.
Saying the two women may not agree with her sentence, Abramson said: “I ask that you
trust me.”
If there is any violation of probation, she promised, Landry will go to prison.
Conditions of the suspended sentences include 500 hours of community service within
18 months, continued in- and out-patient counseling, alcohol and drug screening,
restitution to his victim and the victi ...
Roebuck 1 Brittany Roebuck Professor Bertsch ENG.docxhealdkathaleen
Roebuck 1
Brittany Roebuck
Professor Bertsch
ENGL 1100
8 April 2018
Should Physician-Assisted Suicide Be Legal?
In 1997, Oregon became the first state to enact the Death with Dignity Act (DWDA).
This act allows a person with a terminal illness to make the decision to end their own life with a
lethal medication prescribed by a physician. Since then, only four other states have legalized
physician-assisted suicide. I’m interested in this topic for two reasons. The first being I am
currently making a career change and going back to school for nursing. I ultimately want to
become a hospice nurse. I believe this is a very relevant topic in the field of providing comfort
care to terminally ill patients. The second reason is because my grandpa died of lung cancer and I
spent the majority of his last three months taking care of him. His time between diagnosis and
when he passed was very quick but also very painful. I can’t imagine if he had lived for another
year or more how difficult it would have been for him, myself, and my family. We never
discussed the option of physician-assisted suicide because it is not an option in the state of Ohio.
My grandpa had a passion for life and living it to the fullest. Knowing him well, I think if the
option had been available, it would have been something he would have considered. I wanted to
dive into this topic and find out why in the past eleven years this law has only been passed in five
states. So, I decided to do some research of my own to find out the answer to my question:
Should physician-assisted suicide be legal in every state?
When I started researching this topic, I found a lot of opposition. There are many reasons
people are against physician-assisted suicide. One being religious reasons. Religious
Roebuck 2
organizations argue that human life is sacred and someone ending their own life, no matter the
circumstances, is morally and spiritually wrong (“Right to Die” 2). The American Medical
Association also objects to physician-assisted suicide. They argue that physicians are meant to
heal not kill (2). Another argument states that allowing physician-assisted suicide would leave
people with mental and physical disabilities open to being coerced into ending their own lives. If
someone believes they may be a financial or physical burden on their family, they may be
tempted to consider physician-assisted suicide simply to relieve that burden. Some people think
instead of helping people die, doctors and policy makers should be working on improving end-
of-life care (2). There is also an argument that minorities have less access to health care and
receive less treatment as a result. This may make a pill to end their lives feel like the only option
for them. (2)
As far as support for this movement, well, there’s less of it. Supporters argue that if a
person has the right to refuse medical treatment, they should also have the rig ...
1. Were the Judges actions ethical Explain. 2. Were Mr Hughs ac.docxjackiewalcutt
1. Were the Judge's actions ethical? Explain. 2. Were Mr Hugh's actions ethical? Explain.
3. Is it ethical for the legal system to allow an innocent person to go to prison to protect the guilty person? Explain.
When Law Prevents Righting a Wrong
By Adam Liptak
Staples Hughes, a North Carolina lawyer, was on the witness stand and about to disclose a secret he believed would free an innocent man from prison. But the judge told Mr. Hughes to stop.
“If you testify,” Judge Jack A. Thompson said at a hearing last year on the prisoner’s request for a new trial, “I will be compelled to report you to the state bar. Do you understand that?”
But Mr. Hughes continued. Twenty-two years before, he said, a client, now dead, confessed that he had acted alone in committing a double murder for which another man was also serving life. After his own imprisoned client died, Mr. Hughes recalled last week, “it seemed to me at that point ethically permissible and morally imperative that I spill the beans.”
Judge Thompson, of the Cumberland County Superior Court in Fayetteville, did not see it that way, and some experts in legal ethics agree with him. The obligation to keep a client’s secrets is so important, they say, that it survives death and may not be violated even to cure a grave injustice – for example, the imprisonment for 26 years of another man, in Illinois, who was freed just last month.
A lawyer’s broad duty to keep clients’ confidences is the bedrock on which the justice system is built, they argue. If clients did not feel free to speak candidly, their lawyers could not represent them effectively. And making exceptions risks eroding the trust between clients and their lawyers in future cases. Experts in legal ethics are quick to point out that the various players in the adversary system have assigned roles and that lawyers generally must tend to a limited one.
“Lawyers are not undercover informants,” said Stephen Gillers, who teaches legal ethics at New York University. Indeed, said Steven Lubet, who teaches legal ethics at Northwestern, few clients would confess to their lawyers if they knew the lawyers might some day choose to disclose that information.
The analysis does bend a bit, in two ways, in cases involving death.
Legal ethics rules vary from state to state, but many allow disclosure of client confidences to prevent certain death or substantial bodily harm. That means, several legal ethics experts said, that lawyers may break a client’s confidence to stop an execution, but not to free an innocent prisoner. Massachusetts seems to be alone in allowing lawyers to reveal secrets “to prevent the wrongful execution or incarceration of another.”
And there is a debate over how a client’s death affects a lawyer’s obligation to keep the client’s secrets. Most lawyers and courts say the obligation lives on. But it can be hard to live with the consequences.
I’ve never, ever, ever before violated a client’s confidence, never,” Mr. Hugh ...
The document discusses physician-assisted suicide laws in several US states. It provides details on:
1) The eligibility requirements for patients seeking physician-assisted suicide, including being terminally ill with less than 6 months to live, mentally competent, and a resident of Oregon, Washington, Vermont, Montana or New Mexico.
2) The process patients must go through, including making two oral requests 15 days apart, a written request, and a 48-hour waiting period before receiving a prescription.
3) Perspectives on the debate around physician-assisted suicide laws, with supporters arguing for patient autonomy and relieving suffering, and opponents like the Catholic Church believing it devalues life.
All Celebrity HIPAA Violations Since EnactmentEtactics, Inc.
UCLA Hospitals was fined $865,000 for unauthorized access to the medical records of Maria Shriver, Britney Spears, and Farrah Fawcett by hospital employees. The document provides an infographic listing numerous instances where celebrity medical records were inappropriately accessed by hospital staff, including those of George Clooney, Richard Collier, Nadya Suleman, Anne Pressly, Dr. Rick Sacra, Kim Kardashian, Rep. Gabrielle Giffords, Jussie Smollett, and Jason Pierre-Paul. Penalties for such HIPAA violations ranged from employee firings to monetary fines.
This document summarizes research on elderly individuals selling prescription drugs. It discusses three potential causes: 1) supplementing limited income from social security, 2) continuing lifelong drug dealing behaviors, and 3) new addictions resulting from overprescribing by physicians. Interviews with former drug dealers suggest some saw it as a way to earn income, not as illegal. However, drug abuse experts believe true drug dealers do not usually live to an old age. The document also discusses poverty rates among the elderly and risks of homelessness without additional income or family support. It concludes that lack of screening tools and overprescribing by physicians may also contribute to elder drug abuse and dealing.
Charles Cullen was a nurse in New Jersey and Pennsylvania who was convicted of murdering at least 40 patients over the course of his 16 year career. He worked at 10 different hospitals where he used various methods like lethal drug overdoses to kill patients. Cullen was able to move between hospitals undetected because of lack of reporting requirements and legal protections for employers. He was eventually arrested in 2003 and pleaded guilty to murdering 29 people. Cullen received 11 consecutive life sentences.
Unit 9 project elizabeth hall assessing competencyElizabeth Hall
Edward Wilson was ordered for a competency assessment related to pending murder charges. He has a history of paranoid schizophrenia and was not taking his medication at the time of the alleged crime. The psychologist conducted interviews and testing to determine if Wilson understood legal proceedings and could assist his attorney. While stabilized on new medication, Wilson still displayed delusional thoughts. The psychologist found Wilson currently unfit to stand trial and recommended psychiatric treatment and reevaluation in 3 months.
Hundreds of Convicted Killers Slipping Through Texas Loophole
Conrad Murray sentenced to four years – USATODAY.com
1. Conrad Murray sentenced to four years –
USATODAY.com
LOS ANGELES - After Michael Jackson's private doctor was sentenced to four years in jail Tuesday,
the county district attorney stepped forward to discuss the significance of Conrad Murray's
punishment for involuntary manslaughter.
Pool photo
Conrad Murray listens Tuesday as Judge Michael Pastor sentences him to the maximum four years in
county jail for his involuntary manslaughter conviction in the death of pop star Michael Jackson.
Steve Cooley said the case provided a lesson for the public that "the number one cause of unnatural
death in the United States this year was prescription drug overdoses, surpassing traffic accidents." A
key factor, he said, is "people like Conrad Murray, the so-called Dr. Feelgood doctors who, because
of their greed and selfishness, abandon ethics and put people in harm's way."
Murray, a 58-year-old cardiologist, got the maximum sentence for causing the singer's drug-overdose
death through criminal negligence. He was convicted Nov. 7 after a six-week jury trial.
Sheriff's officials said Murray will serve a little less than two years.
In sentencing Murray, Superior Court Judge Michael Pastor called him "a disgrace to the medical
profession" who engaged in a "continuous pattern of deceit" and showed no remorse.
Pastor focused on a cellphone recording Murray made of a drugged Jackson six weeks before his
death, slurring his speech as he talked of plans for a London concert series. Pastor suggested that if
he and Jackson had a future falling-out, Murray might have given it to a "media organization."
Pastor emphasized Murray's statements in a British TV documentary that he didn't feel guilty
because he did "nothing wrong" and that he felt betrayed by Jackson. "Yikes! Talk about blaming the
victim," Pastor said.
Rather than remorse, Murray expressed "umbrage and outrage," he said. "Dr. Murray is offended by
that patient dying." Murray repeatedly blamed Jackson and others for the death, the judge said. "To
hear Dr. Murray tell it, he was just a bystander."
Jackson died June 25, 2009, of an overdose of the surgical anesthetic propofol. Prosecutor David
Walgren argued that Murray violated medical standards in administering propofol as a sleep aid
without proper monitoring and resuscitation equipment. Asking Pastor for the maximum sentence,
Walgren cited Murray's 20-minute delay in calling 911 after Jackson stopped breathing and said
Murray lied to paramedics, emergency-room doctors and police detectives about what drugs he had
given Jackson.
"It should be made very clear that experimental medicine is not going to be tolerated, and Mr.
Jackson was an experiment," Pastor said. "The fact that he participated in it does not excuse or
lessen the blame of Dr. Murray, who simply could have walked away and said no, as countless others
2. had done. He engaged in this money-for-medicine madness that is simply not going to be tolerated
by me."
Prosecutors asked Pastor to order Murray to pay $101.8 million in restitution to Jackson's estate and
his three children, representing $100 million in projected earnings from the London concerts and
$1.8 million in funeral and memorial service expenses. Pastor set a hearing for Jan. 23.
Under a recent change in state law, Murray will serve his time in a Los Angeles County jail rather
than a state penitentiary. Cooley said his office will ask Pastor to reconsider because prisoners are
being released early to relieve crowding. He said Sheriff Lee Baca has been releasing prisoners well
short of their sentencing terms. Murray will be housed in a one-man cell and kept away from other
prisoners.
Pastor allowed Murray 46 days credit against the four-year sentence for time already served in jail.
After the verdict was announced.
Jackson's mother, Katherine Jackson, his sisters La Toya and Rebbie Jackson and his brothers
Jermaine and Randy Jackson attended the hearing. Before Pastor pronounced sentence, Brian
Panish, a lawyer for the Jackson family, read a statement on their behalf.
"We still look at each other in disbelief," the statement said. "Is it really possible that he is gone?"
For the parents, the death of a child "is simply against the natural order of things," Panish read. The
children, sons Prince and Blanket and daughter Paris, said in the statement: "We will grow up
without a father, our best friend, our playmate and our dad."
The statement said Jackson's "passion was for unifying the world through the gift of his artistry." The
family did not "seek revenge," the statement said, but wanted a sentence telling physicians "they
they cannot sell their services to the highest bidder and cast aside the Hippocratic oath."
Murray was to be paid $150,000 a month under a contract that was never signed by all parties. He
never got paid.
Pastor said he based his sentence not just on the events of the day Jackson died but on the "totality
of circumstances," including two months of propofol treatment before Jackson died and Murray's
coverup attempts after the death. Pastor said he considered "the longstanding failure of character of
Dr. Murray to serve his patient."
"There are those who feel that Dr. Murray is a saint," Pastor said. "There are those who feel that Dr.
Murray is the devil. He's neither. He's a human being. He stands convicted of the death of another
human being." Pastor said this was not "a medical malpractice case" but "a criminal negligence
homicide" case.
"Dr. Murray created a set of circumstances and became involved in a cycle of horrible medicine ...
which violated his sworn obligation, for money, fame, prestige," Pastor said. Murray is "so reckless"
and "dangerous" that allowing him to practice medicine again would threaten society, Pastor said.
Murray spoke at the hearing only to say "yes" in response to questions about understanding his right
to appeal. He asked a question about appeal procedure. As sheriff's deputies escorted him out of
court, he blew a kiss toward his mother, Milta Rush, and other family members and supporters. He
mouthed "I love you" to his mother and girlfriend Nicole Alvarez, mother of their 2½-year-old son.
3. Jackson family members mouthed a silent "thank you" to Walgren as they left the room, the
prosecutor said.
At a prosecution news conference, Walgren said of the sentence, "We're pleased. It's what we
thought was appropriate." Pastor's reasoning was "very powerful and persuasive," he said.
California, Nevada and Texas medical authorities have said they will investigate whether Murray's
licenses to practice should be revoked. His California license has been suspended.
Cooley said his office will send certified copies of Murray's conviction to the state bodies
investigating Murray, and to any state or country where he may seek a new license. "If they want
our cooperation, we will happily provide it," he said.
Arguing for the four-year term, Walgren noted that Katherine Jackson said in a pre-sentencing
probation report that Murray had lied to police and said he comforted her at the hospital after her
son died. Jackson's mother said Murray never spoke with her at all that day.
Murray "abandoned" Jackson by "talking to his girlfriends" on his cellphones instead of watching his
sedated patient, Walgren said.
Defense lawyer Ed Chernoff spoke for probation after submitting a 45-page sentencing
memorandum and 35 letters of praise for Murray from family members, friends and former patients.
He asked Pastor to consider "the entirety of a man's book of life, as opposed to just one chapter."
Pastor said he had considered all factors but said his "violations overcome other aspects of Dr.
Murray's treatment of other patients and good deeds he may have done."