The deal between Bharti Airtel and MTN to create a telecom giant was called off in October 2009 due to involvement of the South African government and issues around dual listing and foreign direct investment policies. In May 2008, MTN announced talks with Bharti Airtel, and by May 2009 many shareholders supported the $23 billion deal, though they sought price improvements. After extending exclusive talks, the deal ultimately fell through in October 2009 due to regulatory hurdles.